Izithasiselo for diesel: ukubuyekezwa. Okokhelekayo izithasiselo: intengo, izici

Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke likaphethiloli iziteshi sell us eliphezulu nophethiloli. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ubakholelwe, bathi, "izwi." Yebo, futhi uhlole okuqukethwe langempela uphethiloli kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni zaselebhu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvikele injini ethonyeni isibabule inhlabathi ahlukahlukene, abashayeli isebenzisa izithasiselo ekhethekile. Izibuyekezo abonisa ukuthi izinga Izithako kungaba ngempela ukuvikela injini kanye nophethiloli uhlelo kusuka yekhwalithi ephansi diesel. Into esemqoka - ukukhetha umkhiqizi seqiniso. Esihlokweni lanamuhla sizobheka zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo embonini Petrochemical futhi ukukhiqiza test izithasiselo diesel.

sici

Izinto zazo kuxoxwa namuhla, bengumsebenzi evamile umkhakha Petrochemical, ogama msebenzi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile ukusebenza kukaphethiloli ngokuhambisana izidingo zanamuhla.

Izimpawu uphethiloli abampofu

Ukuze sithole ukuthi u-diesel ezimbi bangena injini, silula. Lokhu uzokutshela intuthu emnyama kusukela ipayipi qeda. Futhi, lapho yekhwalithi ephansi uphethiloli etholakalayo ingathiyeki sokuqala. Kodwa zonke lezi zinkinga akuzona ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi imoto olungaqalisa izinsalela fuel odlule. Uma udizili evamile phezu awele egumbini amandla omlilo nge ahlukahlukene sebethule ketshezi, alindele enkingeni.

Okufanele ukwenze

Ngemva ukuxhumana owubhuqu oya amasilinda injini ngokushesha kufanele uyisuse. Nokho, kunzima kakhulu. Indlela ephumelela kunazo - ephelele injini yokuhlanza. Nokho, kwenziwa kuphela esiteshini, ngemva kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane owandulelayo zonke izindlela. Kodwa injini diesel kungaba basindiswe futhi ngosizo izithasiselo. Into esemqoka - ukwazi ukuthi yini uhlobo ukukhetha.

zinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, ukuze umuntu ahlukanise phakathi owodwa ingxenye kanye izithasiselo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi kwabo, izinhlobo ezinkulu yilezi:

1. Tsetanopovyshayuschie.
2. Nokudangala-dispersant.

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo izithasiselo has yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile nokwenza umsebenzi wayo. Ngezansi sichaza izici uhlobo umkhakha Petrochemical ngamunye.

Tsetanopovyshayuschie izithasiselo diesel

Izibuyekezo bathi lokhu uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu izithasiselo eRussia. It yakhelwe ukwenza ngcono i-cetane inani nophethiloli. analogue yabo angabhekwa yokukhalaza octane (Nokho ahloselwe ukushintsha indlela yokwakheka uphethiloli). Uma ethangini, lolu ketshezi okushintsha indlela yokwakheka fuel, ukunciphisa isikhathi ukuze kuvuswe nekwenyusa ukuphelela omlilo of ingxube e injini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa Ukuthamba yenjini, ngcono ukusebenza namandla negunya elingakanani ukusebenza kahle. Ebusika tsetanopovyshayuschie izidakamizwa lula injini isiqalo "emakhazeni." Umthamo lolu hlobo uwoyela okungukuthi okufanayo zonke udizili izimoto: 1 kg per 1 ton uphethiloli. Basuke ikakhulukazi ezitholakala plastic noma insimbi amabhodlela at 200-500 namamililitha.

Nokudangala-dispersant izithasiselo diesel

Izibuyekezo abashayeli bathi lolu hlobo okufakiwe lubaluleke labo ngokuvamile yona ishayele imoto ize ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngenxa ngezithako zawo, lezi izinto ukuvimbela uphethiloli umnkantsha ebusika. Ngokuvamile, ezifana izithasiselo kunezelwa esinye gas esiteshini. Kodwa, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa, a udizili enjalo sikhula ngisho at -7-10 degrees. Abakhiqizi izithasiselo athi imikhiqizo yabo bekwazi ukunciphisa uhla fuel okokuqandisa kuze kube -20 ° ^C. Nokho, umphumela onjalo ingatholakala kuphela efanele Isikali izidakamizwa. Kodwa ngalolo kamuva.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo petrochemicals okungukuthi i uquqaba ezimbili ngamunye izithasiselo - dispersants futhi depressants. Uhlobo yokugcina, njengoba sishilo, kuvimbela okokuqandisa uphethiloli ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Kodwa dispersants zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela kokubheduka kokuhlaselwa upharafini kwenze. Kodwa abanjalo into namandla izindleko ebizayo ukulungiswa kukaphethiloli uhlelo.

Njengoba nizihlakaza ejenti ukuvimbela diesel besigaxa amafraktjhini density ezahlukene, okuyinto kwandisa kakhulu ukuphila eshalofini okusamanzi emgodini noma ithangi. Zizonke, lezi izithasiselo ezimbili kukhona izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ukwandisa umkhiqizo fuel kanye ukumelana okushisa aphansi.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Ngokunciphisa lokushisa uphethiloli ukuminyana ukuwa kakhulu. Futhi Lokhu kwenzeka ngo eziningana izigaba:

1. Ekuqaleni, uphethiloli iba esinamafu. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho kuqala crystallisation upharafini. diesel ukugeleza rate aliguquki. Zinhlayiya ngokwabo izophela kalula ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso.
2. Lapho efika paraffins umngcele lokushisa ukukhuphuka usayizi enjalo lapho bengaweli ngokusebenzisa ikhule ezimbotsheni zokuhlunga. I fluidity kukaphethiloli liwohloka. I-fuel ngokwalo akhishwa ngokusebenzisa lemifanekiso.
3. Lapho ufika okokuqandisa lokushisa crystal ngehele Kwenabela futhi ifingqa. Lokhu fuel lingaphansi uketshezi yaphela indaba yalo.

Ngemva kwalokho, umphumela okufakiwe. depressants zayo i-molecule ukuncela zinhlayiya upharafini, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ukugeleza nophethiloli. Izinsalela wax imali phansi ethangini, lapho ematfuba kubo Eba lapho isiqalo injini kakhulu ongaphakeme. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo kakhulu umsebenzi we okufakiwe akuyona okuhloswe ngaso ukususwa zinhlayiya wax nokuvimbela ukukhula kwabo. Okungukuthi, kufanele wanezela ngaphambi kokuqala ukuze ukushwaqa uphethiloli.

Ukungeza imithetho

Ngokuqondene ngomthamo, lolu hlobo Petrochemical kufanele engezwe inani kusuka namamililitha 20 kuya ku-100 100 amalitha diesel. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lezi izithasiselo kukhona ezithile zonyaka kuphela, futhi kufanele bawasebenzisele kuphela ebusika. Uma uqaphelisisa ukuthi lezi lesifanele kwalokho ubuchwepheshe ikani aphansi okokuqandisa iphuzu kukaphethiloli kusukela odlule -5 ukuba -20 degrees Celsius. The best okufakiwe for udizili nokudangala-dispersant uhlobo izinkampani ukwakheka Dodiflow futhi Hitech.

Lapho okufakiwe Gulf ethangini kubalulekile ukuqapha lokushisa kuma. Amazinga lapho uketshezi wanezela, kufanele sibe sihle (esimweni kakhulu, hhayi degrees ngaphansi kuka -10 Celsius). Uma lo mthetho kungagcinwa, ithuluzi akusho chaza kaphethiloli futhi uyomenzela ahlukene upharafini amabhola. I last ngaphambi ekungeneni injini kanzima clog uphethiloli uhlelo. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto uyahamba kabi, futhi uchitha 10-20 amaphesenti angaphezu diesel.

Ezinye izinhlobo izimali

Ngaphandle tsetanopovyshayuschih depressor futhi kunezinye izithasiselo diesel. Izibuyekezo abashayeli bathi endaweni yokuqala ukusebenza ngemva kwalezi zinhlobo namanxusa bangabantu izinto zokususa amabala. izithasiselo anjalo enziwa kusukela ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo polyisobutylene succinimide. Ngo yabo izakhiwo basuke kahle ihlanzekile yangaphakathi omlilo injini nophethiloli uhlelo kusuka ukungcola kanye umule. Futhi, izihlanzi ngokuphelele ukugeza nokungcola kusuka Imibhobho esemzimbeni spray. Ngemva ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimali ohlelweni fuel kuqinisekisa umjovo iyunifomu uphethiloli kwehlisa petrol CO kwekhabhoni ku imvelo. kakhulu Ukusebenza injini kuba made futhi amandla awo kulinganiswa.

Kukhona futhi anti-ukugqwala izithasiselo diesel. Izibuyekezo Abashayeli bathi zindlela azixoshe kahle umswakama okweqile kusukela fuel, futhi akha mncane ifilimu zokuzivikela phezu kwensimbi izindlela ICE.

Antifoam ejenti zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka Foam lapho inala uphethiloli ithangi eyodwa kuya kwenye (isib kusuka ethangini ukuze ethangini imoto). Bona obengeziwe omunye fuel ukukhiqizwa esiteji, ngoba yokuthola nabo emakethe okungukuthi cishe kungenakwenzeka, futhi kwenza akukho mqondo. Qaphela futhi ukuthi yesivini ngokweqile kungaholela wachela amafutha kanye ongaphakeme babangele amazinga.

Futhi ekugcineni, kwi izithasiselo de-emulsifying. Igama uthi lezi izinto ahloselwe ukwehlisa kumiswa emulsions. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi yabo ekunciphiseni izingxabano interfacial ekusebenzisaneni kukaphethiloli.

Kungani kunezinkolo izithasiselo eziningi kangaka for udizili izimoto

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo kudingeka sicabangele izici izinjini enjalo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izimoto udizili bazwelane kakhudlwana yokwakheka fuel kuka-petrol nozakwabo ukuphi. Iqiniso lokuthi e umjovo kanye amandla omlilo of ingxube ezivuthayo e ekhishwa izinjini kunikezwa okungenani isikhathi. Uma izinga uphethiloli ngeke ukufanisa izinga, lokho kuyoholela odla ka Imibhobho esemzimbeni nokuhlunga oyokwenza yangaphakathi omlilo injini nakakhulu ziyingozi futhi engazinzile. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba silondoloze ukuhlanzeka e-diesel, abenyukela zonke lezi zinhlobo kwezithako. Futhi tsetanopovyschayuschie izindlela okhushuliwe fuel lokushisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa, okwenza kube lula ukuthungela futhi ngokushesha. A nokudangala-dispersant unike amandla okusheshayo ekuqaleni-up of motor ezingeni lokushisa ezimbi, okuyinto ingxenye "obukhulu" cishe wonke yesimanje diesel.

Izithasiselo uhlolo kusuka abakhiqizi ezahlukene

Kuthiwani izici injongo, siye kakade wakhuluma lezi izinto. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi iyiphi umenzi kwenza kakhulu ephezulu izinga izithasiselo.

Eyokuqala ku review, sizokwazi umenzi German "LIquI Thandaza." Izithasiselo for diesel, lokhu ngokuqinile asenzela ende sikhathi, ngakho-ke, it has idumela elingenasici. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwabo baye babonisa Chile oqondile. Ukusebenza namandla nekghono ayelokhu anda kakhulu, kodwa-ke, umsindo imoto ngeke kwehliswe. Lubricity livele ngezinga elincane. Singasho ukuthi okufakiwe nophethiloli "LIquI Moth" kuphela okuhloswe ngazo okwandisa inani cetane bese wehlise petrol. Nokho, okungukuthi lezi zimfanelo ezimbili kakhulu ezazithandwa abashayeli.

Ukwahlulela ukubuyekezwa, uphethiloli okufakiwe German has cishe akukho kahle. Mhlawumbe ethile kuphela izindleko zalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Omunye 250-mililitrovy ibhodlela kubiza ruble mayelana 290. Le mali kuphela anele 75 amalitha uphethiloli, okungukuthi 1-2 ukushaja okugcwele. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko 1 ilitha diesel okhushuliwe ngu 3.9 ruble.

Izithasiselo "Castrol" Udizili fuel nayo abhekana ngayo imisebenzi yabo - liyanda cetane nokunikeza lubricity. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinkomba kahle zihambisana nezingxenye limenyezelwe amagugu umenzi. Izithasiselo yokuhlola diesel wabonisa ukuthi lo mshini ngemuva Gulf uketshezi uchitha fuel wancipha ngamaphesenti angu-10-15.

Njengoba for izindleko, akusiyo ezahlukene okuningi kusuka enguqulweni yangaphambilini. 250 namamililitha okusamanzi ucela ruble mayelana 350. Kodwa umehluko ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi British "Castrol" kanye German "LIquI Moth" iyona umthamo. Omunye ibhodlela kwanele iyonke Castrol 250 amalitha. nophethiloli. Izindleko fuel akhula Rouble 1 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nophethiloli uhlala ubumsulwa efanayo ngemva kwesicelo se-okufakiwe "LIquI Thandaza". Njengoba kuboniswa ukubuyekezwa, kwamaphutha abalulekile okufakiwe "Castrol" asipheli.

Manje ngalokho izakhiwo zihlukile okufakiwe yasekhaya "Suprotec". Ukwahlulelwa ngu imiphumela ukuhlolwa, ke izinsalela ungoyedwa ohlwini, okuyinto okungukuthi ovelele kwafana lubricity. Ukuhlolwa yayiqhutshelwa kanje. Okokuqala, imoto okuhlanganisiwe wonke uwoyela, bese ufaka ngokuthelwa yilolu ketshezi, futhi imoto baqhubeka ukuhambisa cishe kungekho ngisho neconsi igrisi. Ngenxa yalokho, lo okufakiwe "Suprotec" iye yalungiselela ihora lovumelanako injini medium and load yakho iphezulu kakhulu. Uma kungaqali, injini "iminyembezi" I been imizuzwana yokuqala ukusebenza.

Awu, okufakiwe "Suprotec" yabonisa okungcono umphumela lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela yangaphakathi omlilo injini lapho Lubrication uhlelo ukwehluleka. Kodwa lapho kanye nobubi obuthile. Iqiniso ukuthi umenzi kudinga ukuphathwa 2-emhlanjini ngamafutha ushintsho, kodwa kuyinto enzima kakhulu futhi kubuhlungu umnikazi imoto. Nokho, yebo, intengo. namamililitha 100 uketshezi udinga ukukhokha ruble 1200. Njengoba is batheleka injini kabili intengo ruble 2.400 okufakiwe ngalinye ngokucacile overpriced kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimbangi zayo.

Futhi, Ukubukeza kwethu US wathinta Equalizer cetane SMT2 brand. On ke izindleko mayelana 600 ruble, Russian emakethe (ivolumu ibhodlela okungukuthi 240 ml). Ngemva ukusetshenziswa imoto okufakiwe naqala kangcono ngokuya Dynamics. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Equalizer cetane ukubonwa lubricity kancane. nenzuzo izinkomba wawa hhayi kakhulu, ngakho umklomelo SMT2 ubuholi thina asikwazi. Futhi izindleko ke okungukuthi kakhulu okukhulu.

Yini ukukhetha

Ngokusho imiphumela eba khona, okufakiwe kangcono diesel - kusuka "Castrol". Lokho it has isilinganiso ephakeme kakhulu intengo ukuze izinga. Yiqiniso, lo okufakiwe "Suprotec" futhi ovelele izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, abashayeli bethu inani layo eliphezulu kakhulu, ngoba umklomelo ubuholi bakhe, thina asikwazi.

manga

Nge ukunwetshwa ezahlukene imikhiqizo engozini yokuba yisisulu zaba nkulu kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izithasiselo diesel (Castrol ngokukhethekile) akuzona izikole zeqiniso okumsulwa hhayi bevalela endaweni ethile baseBrithani, futhi egumbini eliseduze noma igalaji. Ngakho-ke, ukuthenga umkhiqizo yasekuqaleni ngempela, kufanele sinake hhayi kuphela kwilebula, okuyinto kudingeka ngokucacile ukuba requisites lenkampani, kodwa futhi izindleko. Yiqiniso, ezitolo ezahlukene zingahluka kusuka esasikubiza ngokuthi esihlokweni lanamuhla. Nokho, uma ngokuhamba-up intengo ingaphezu 30-40 phesenti (phansi), futhi umdayisi enqaba ukunikeza izitifiketi izinga, izinto ezinjalo ngokusobala aliwona kweqiniso.

Sisebenzisa ngokuqinile ulandele iziyalezo ezikuyo

Njengoba kungase kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo kungaba kokubili iyisici esiwusizo futhi iyingozi ngoba injini. Futhi into ungaphakathi umthamo kwesokudla, njengoba kuboniswe ngumkhiqizi e imiyalelo. Akufanele sicabange ukuthi ukwanda lokuhlushwa okufakiwe e injini kuyothuthuka emisebenzini yalo ukusebenza. Kunalokho, i-emakamu ngokweqile umsebenzi walo kuyonezela izinqubo e motor.

It is ibuye Kunconywa ukuba enze amakhefu elincane phakathi ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo. Lokhu kungenxa ukuzwela eziphakeme motors (ikakhulukazi Japanese) nokubunjwa kukaphethiloli.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi lo tsetanopovyshayuschie kanye nokudangala izithasiselo for diesel, sibuyekezwe eziningana abakhiqizi eziholela yalolu hlobo imikhiqizo. Khumbula ukuthi sokuphuza isilinganiso esengeziwe somuthi engalungile izinto ungakulimaza injini umngane yensimbi yakho bese kuholela i ukungasebenzi ezingalindelekile. Ngakho ukunakekela imoto yakho bese ugcwalisa izithasiselo ngokuqinile ngokulandela imiyalelo ebhaliwe ngumkhiqizi.