T-64BM "Bulat-" (ithangi) - sesimanje T-64 zokugcina

Umlando we-Soviet ithangi umkhakha uyazi Ezimweni eziningi uma umshini ukhiphe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, zisekhona ngempela efanele ukuya empini yesimanje. Hhayi ngaphandle sesimanje, yebo. Esinye isibonelo - "Bulat". Lokhu ithangi itholakala the laseKharkov isitshalo futhi limelela sesimanje imoto endala T-64A.

eyandulela

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ithangi ngesikhathi esisodwa wayengomunye ngentuthuko ethembisa kakhulu umkhakha Soviet. Umlando indalo yayo kuhlehlela emuva 60s, e kwedolobha laseKharkov Design Bureau. Kusukela maphakathi zonke okufanayo 60-yalolucwaningo wathunyelwa ibhande elihambayo, lapho imoto entsha qala ngobuningi kanye amathangi T-64, T-62 ne-T-55. Esemthethweni ukwamukela kwenzeka ngo-1969, futhi kuqala kunazo zonke base zaphela elite ukwahlukana armored, esisogwini emaphethelweni entshonalanga yezwe.

Umlando ka T-64A

Kuyinto kungalungile ukusho ukuthi umqondo yokuqala ukuvela imishini enjalo engu-weza evela Abaklami Kudala ngo-1946. Lo mbono utshelwa ukuba uqale umsebenzi kudalwa udizili ngokuyinhloko entsha (eU.SSR kwaba njalo enkingeni). Ngokushesha abadumile emibuthanweni ewumngcingo KB №75 igcwaliswe indalo yakhe. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso saqala umsebenzi ethangini ngokwayo, okuyinto isikhathi eside wazala igama ikhodi "Into 430".

umlando Post-Soviet

"Shestdesyatchetverka" zaqala khona ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi isitshalo Malyshev 1963 (laseKharkov ithangi ifektri). Inkinga yathatha yingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi emgqeni inhlangano kwadingeka donsa mayelana 5500 yale mishini, okuyinto Kuye kwanikezwa ngesikhathi sako.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR laseKharkov Tank Factory wayeshesha ukuthatha uzibuse Ukraine (nazo zonke izinto zikagesi eziphezu kwamakhabethe ikhokhwe kakade). Akumangalisi ukuthi "izihambi" T-64 saphela ngokushesha ukuvusa isithakazelo eMnyango Wezokuvikela, kodwa ngoba lonke Insimu amathangi Russian ngokushesha "retrained" ukuqeqesha umshini lapho abafundi wayekwenza izivivinyo esimangazayo kakhulu omane singasisebenzisi kabi isikhathi namandla abo.

Esanda kutholakala (ngo-2011) ukuthi wakhipha ticondziso letihlelekile ukuthumela wonke amathangi ezingakagcwaliseki kwancibilika. Uma sikhuluma izindaba zamanje, lokhu imininingwane encane usekhonze ethubeni elihle: neziphathimandla Ukrainian zamanje Angeke icala Russia lokuveza lezi amathangi Donbass. Ngokusemthethweni kabalalo.

Njengoba wonke umsebenzi semininingwane bekulokhu ebulawa Ochwepheshe base-Ukraine, banquma ukuba zichithe inkampani kuze kube sekupheleni. Kwanqunywa ukuba uqale kuthuthukiswe amathuluzi obudala ukufakwa izikhali empeleni esasisesisha, imishini ukubhekwa kanye nezinye izinto. Ngaphansi brand name umshini T-64E okwamanje (siqala ngamaqoqo amancane) ihlinzekwa esimweni ezifana South Sudan ne-Somalia, ngubani abanawo imali evamile, yesimanje izimoto zempi.

Ngakho lapho wenza okufanayo "Bulat"? Ethangini iyinhlangano ukuqhubeka kwalesi umugqa ubudala.

Yesimanje T 64E

Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi amabutho yasekhaya ye-Ukraine Kuyaphuthuma amathangi evamile. Isimo engangibhekene naso a stalemate: efana laseKharkov iyona jewel umqhele wonke umkhiqizo ithangi zase-USSR, ukuthi nje zonke izimoto ehloniphekile kwathengiswa isikhathi eside, kodwa kusukela "okusemathinini" T-80 ne-T-72 babe ngezinye izikhathi kuphela icala. Kafushane, sasidinga, amathangi amasha "Ukraine".

Yiqiniso, amathemba amakhulu abangu iphinwe-semi wasenganekwaneni (bona Ukraine) "Bamba", lokho nje APU lezi amathangi zisekhona akukho engaphezu kweyishumi, nokubaluleka kwayo kangangokuthi ukubala uye phambili saturation okuqhubekayo "ukuzimela" amabutho le ndlela akusho lutho. Kodwa le mishini ukujabulisa amabhajethi lamafutha e-UAE, yimuphi kubo besabela kahle kakhulu.

Isixazululo watholakala kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha. Emafektri wahlala inqwaba engenamsebenzi T-64. It vó ukuba "isikulufa" kubo 5TDFE injini entsha, emandleni akhe kuyinto ehloniphekile 900 amalitha. a. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa wonke umsebenzi Ukraine labetibambile ekusithekeni, entsha tank akekho oye wakwazi ukubona. Kuphela ambalwa edlule, laqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo Khangisa phambili ekukhulumeni kwabezindaba, wakwazi 'zikhanya "ngisho ngesikhathi izingalo ehlonishwayo lombukiso UAE.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo ithangi wokuqala ibonakaliswa umphakathi ngo-1999, kuphela (ku-amahemuhemu esebenzayo) kwaba mbumbulu-up in a sigaba badabuka kakhulu ekuzimiseleni, futhi imoto awazange alinde ibutho Ukraine. Tank amabutho lokhu isimo ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kuphela kusukela izinsalela amasheya T-72 ne-T-80U.

Kushintshe ini ethangini?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngempela imiphumela zibonakala ngisho ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Tank ayisekho libukeka esifuze kusukela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, waba njengetshe yesimanje wempi. On sikebhe ethangini ngokulinganayo basakaza Ukuvikelwa ashukumisayo, ingxenye okuqondile ubuhle enamandla futhi enokwethenjelwa. Ake sibheke izici ezintsha main:

• Ezinhlangothini imoto ivaliwe ukuphepha iyunithi "Blade 2". Ukuze Ukuhlanganisa best of ebusweni zenziwa njengoba isikwele noma unxande.
• Ezimbili "zezikhala Dynamics" - "Blade 2" futhi "Xhumana-1" - enomqondo basakaza yonkana kobuso zempi, babuthene "ngehele" isikimu elula ezishibhile. Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukufakwa engasindi kakhulu Ukuvikelwa nasezembathweni umshini.
• Uphiko isakhi umbhoshongo futhi ngokuyinhloko washintsha, olubonakala ikakhulukazi umbono ohlangothini. party Ukrainian akavele ngalokhu okwamanje, kodwa ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi umbhoshongo ibekwe i gumbi ezengeziwe ukuze nezinhlamvu.

Ngabe yini okunye it libhekene ithangi ngesisekelo ngalo sidalwe "Bulat"? Ethangini, njengoba sesivele wathi, ifakwe amathuluzi kakhulu ezingcono observation. Ngokokuqala ngqá kule ekilasini amathangi uvele emehlweni-panoramic nge imager ezishisayo, okuyinto kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda empini ethangini.

Ngakho njengoba indawo ukufakwa kwalo ukukhetha okuhle ngempela, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kokuthuthukisa kwenziwe ngamabomu. Ngokuvamile, wonke amathangi Ukrainian kuhluke umqondo omuhle, kuphela ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ngokuvamile uyahlabeka. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa izinga eliphansi wasebenzisa izembatho zesosha steel, kanye nokuntuleka Ochwepheshe abanolwazi lesikole ubudala Soviet.

I kwezikhali main ethangini

I kwezikhali oyinhloko webhayisikobho ethile osezingeni tank isibhamu 125 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini igibele ngokushesha ulwe amamojuli ezimbili; aqukethe izindiza inganono othomathikhi GS-23 (30 mm) isibhamu NSVT osezingeni 12.7 mm, futhi AH-17 othomathikhi amabhomu Sokuqalisa.

Lezi amamojuli aphumelela kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lapho amathangi ezivamile Soviet kukhona ngokuvamile ukulahlekelwa esindayo anti-tank izikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ephumelela kakhulu e countering ukukhanya izimoto armored lesitha, hhayi ukuchitha ngeze avumele munition umzali.

Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi eyenziwa umxhwele ngempela. Kodwa lokhu - hhayi "Bulat". Ethangini, okuyinto iqanjwe, iyinhlangano ukuqhubeka nokucubungula nje ukuguqulwa echazwe umshini omdala. Ngakho ekugcineni uthole phansi incazelo "iqhawe" oqondile kwalesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke yini "Bulat"?

Ngakho, ithangi entsha Ukraine kuyinto "rethinking omkhulu" imishini T-64A ne-T-64B (nezinye ukulungiswa). Inhloso sesimanje kwaba ukuletha imoto entsha khona ezingeni T-80UD, T-84U. Njengoba siye eshiwo ngenhla, "livela okokuqala 'kwenzeka ngo-1999.

Zonke sesimanje kwaba sijulise umsebenzi ezindaweni ezintathu:

• A nokwanda okuphawulekayo ukuhamba (powerplant elisha).
• Ukuqinisa Ukuvikelwa, kuhlanganise kusuka yesimanje anti-tank izinhlelo ucishe.
• Ukwandisa firepower namandla ukulwa ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa entsha izikhali izinhlelo.

amandla plant

Kunengqondo ukuthi ukuze ngcono ukuhamba egumbini injini isethwe entsha ngokuphelele udizili. Njengoba kunjalo uyazi kahle lokhu indima 5TDFM motor wakhethwa, ogama Amandla 850 amahhashi. Empeleni, lo ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo ngempela ubudala udizili 5TDF phezu lapho onjiniyela wasebenza.

Lokho injini gumbi ubudala ilingane 5TDFM omusha, bathatha hhayi kuphela esikhundleni ngokuphelele ubudala futhi ukungasebenzi emoyeni wezindlu, kodwa futhi sibuyekeze ohlelweni qeda, lokho ngeke ngihlangabezane izidingo zanamuhla. Ukuze ithangi Ukrainian "Bulat" (Nalapha futhi, wadala ngesisekelo T-64 ubudala) akazange konakalisa komgwaqo futhi monstrously, like esasisandulele, eKharkov, lakhiwa pads ekhethekile imikhondo eyenzelwe ushayela emigwaqeni yomphakathi.

Noma kunjalo, ngemuva asphalt izimoto emgwaqweni omkhulu ukunyakaza kukholamu, okuyinto zinama namadivayisi enjalo, ngeke iphenduke ububanzi ithangi labadubuli. Inzuzo kohlelo anjalo yokuthi ezinye izinguquko ezengeziwe azidingeki ukukhiqiza amacimbi kakhulu. I pads iraba kanye iziqobosho isitshalo (okuthiwa) zilethwa eceleni, ngesicelo.

Ngokuvamile, amathangi Ukrainian, "Bulat" futhi "Bamba" lonke umsebenzi wayo yokusebenza kuhambisana ngumkhiqizi, elibangela inhlonipho ethile.

Ukuvikelwa anti-tank izikhali

Ukuqina ibangelwa kokufaka izakhiwo ezintsha Ukuvikelwa ashukumisayo basembhoshongweni, icala langasezantsi libe aft ethangini. Umenzi ibika ukuthi wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza oda lokubhuka nomphumela we Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ezuziwe (AFB), kanye sub-osezingeni udibi Ukubhoboza amagobolondo (BPS). Kulokhu, kugcizelelwa yokuthi isisindo ethangini liye landa kancane kuphela.

Ukuvikelwa kit siqukethe amamojuli ezimbili ezihlukene: yokwenziwa zempi umthethosivivinywa bese ashukumisayo uhlelo yangaphakathi Ukuvikelwa. ukuzivikela ashukumisayo sangaphandle ethulwa module engaphelele kanye izikrini ukuthi zixhunywe emhlabeni azungezwe sikebhe. On the ophahleni lombhoshongo, kanti kwezinye izindawo akude babuthane izigaba Modular ukuthi kungenziwa ngokushesha washintsha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwabo. Tincenye amasu yangaphakathi ashukumisayo Ukuvikelwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana anti-liyigugu ngisho nakakhulu.

isisindo Ubude we isethi ephelele ukuvikelwa ashukumisayo (kuhlanganise impahla esibophezelayo) kuyinto amathani mayelana 3.5. omunye ithangi nezisebenzi kuphela, futhi kwayona, bakwazi ukwenza ukufakwa cishe 5.5-6 amahora. Okwakhelwe ashukumisayo ukuthi isivele ifakiwe umenzi ithangi, akadingi ukunakekela okungeziwe abanye ngesikhathi ukusebenza. Ngakho, lesi simiso ukuvikelwa laseKharkov abakhiqizi muhle ngoba ayidingi amathuluzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukufakwa kanye nokusebenza ongoti abaqeqeshiwe.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Kungani, njengoba umthetho, amatilosi ithangi ushonile ngesikhathi esehlulwe antitank izikhali ukuthi (cishe) isebenzisa elihamba kwesitha? Kusukela umlilo nokushisa. Ukuze avikele abantu futhi ngcono amathuba abo okusinda, Ukraine ithangi abakhi abahlinzeke automatic umlilo wokukucima uhlelo, isikhathi impendulo zazo (emva ezinye izinguquko ubunjiniyela) kwehliselwe ku 150 msec.

sesimanje Imiphumela

Ngakho-ke yini T-64 "Bulat"? Njengoba kushiwo ngokwabo, abakhiqizi Ukraine (hhayi abaphethwe ngokweqile isizotha), yena "icishe lifane nsé ethangini Russian T-90" futhi "emadanisekako ukusebenza zakamuva" isiphephelo "."

Yebo, umshini has amahle zithuthukiswe okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni ngamandla injini by obandayo 6TD 6TD-1 noma 2. Can ngcono kakhulu izinto, ukubeka SLAs bahluke, navigation kanye nemishini zokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini ngemva nokuthuthukela umthombo eduze amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane 11 (for tank elisha).

Uma sibeka eceleni bokubanga, zonke akuyona kamnandi kangaka. Yebo, izici zayo olwesimanje T-64 kungaba ngempela ongaqhathaniswa T-72 chungechunge ekuseni. Yilokho nje ukuba angathokozisa kanjani "idlule" T-90 futhi entsha izinguqulo bahluke T-72, akucaci ngokuphelele.

Ngomqondo onabile, awusebenzi babe izimfanelo ezinhle. Ngakho, ngo-womshini amasondo endleleni nezinye chassis izingxenye T-72 isetshenziswa phezu ton Alloys ayoni, kuyilapho i-T-64 abanayo amakhilogremu angaphezu kwangu-200. Ngakho, leli qiniso kakhulu kunciphisa tindleko lokulwa mshini, kodwa okuthembekile "hodovka" ukuhlupheka.

Into kuphela T-64 ungcono ngempela, kungcono maintainability chassis. Futhi-ke, lot lokugcina imibuzo kusukela ochwepheshe (aphinde acabange we non-ayoni metal Alloys). Iqiniso ukuthi German Democratic Republic (okuyinto wahamba kulawa amathangi) izimoto bebelokhu izimangalo eziningi yemizila ukuwohloka imiqhele. Ngezinye T-64 ngokuvamile kakhulu landizela amacimbi, ngokuvamile kuhambisana balimale kanzima ukulimala kubantu ababengewona eduze ethangini.

Futhi ngempela "engavamile" bheka Ukraine isitatimende ukuthi "engcono ithangi yesimanje" yabo cishe ayeqi British "Challenger" kanye German "Leopard 2" - olubheka iwubuphukuphuku ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni yokuthi imoto British ukuthi ngomqondo ovulekile waqaphela njengoba okungcono ethangini ngesikhathi NATO imisebenzi e-Iraq. Kungaba engadingekile ukusho, "Bulat" engenza impi kuphela Donbas, lapho inethiwekhi isivele egcwele izithombe izimoto incithakalo futhi zishiswe Ukraine. Kuyini yena ulunge kakhulu?

Ngokusobala, cheapness yayo: izindleko yokuthuthukisa i T-64 ubudala (ngeminyaka emibili emithathu edlule) imayelana ayizinkulungwane 400 zamadola, kuyilapho ukwenziwa "Bamba" kumele okungenani ibe izigidi ezingu-1,5.

ukuhlaziya amaphutha

I namuhla inethiwekhi isibalo "Izingoma", okuyinto abazinikele ithangi "entsha" ukuthi angathanda ukuhlela isikhashana umnqopho, ake sixoxe amaphutha ayo.

Okokuqala, isisindo namandla enjini. "Bulat" unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-45 lapho amandla injini 850 l / s. "Ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi ungasizi ithangi Russian T-72" has a isisindo amathani 44,5 kanti injini, ogama umthamo 1000 l / s. Kuyini "ukuhamba aphakeme '(izincwajana laseKharkov isitshalo) lapha singaxoxa? Ngesikhathi T-72, futhi uma kudingeka, ungakwazi hang ambalwa amathani zempi, kuyilapho T-64 le njongo kuyomelwe bashintshe injini.

Futhi nakhu "umnyombo wale ndaba." Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka "Ragged" 70s imizamo babe ukuqhubeka T-64 yi-ukufakwa nenjini at 1000 l / s. Inkinga yayiwukuthi chassis umshini omdala kabaze baba lakho ukuma novivinyo olunjalo, kusukela ngokoqobo sidilike ekuhambeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1987 ubuholi Soviet ekugcineni belahla ukuqhubeka T-64.

Gun. Tank "Bulat", izimfanelo esikubonile, imodeli ifakwe KBA3 (evamile 2A46M-1). Umenzi uthi ukuthi "izibhamu ngcono kakhulu T-72 ne-T-90." Kazi kungaba ngcono? Emathangini Russian efakwe isibhamu 2A24M-4 / M-5, onikeza ukuhlakazwa 17% ngaphansi lapho kokudubula iqhubekela phambili futhi inikeza okusho ukuthuthuka 15-20% e ukunemba (njengoba isikhathi uma ziqhathaniswa 2A46M-1 ubudala). Kuyindida, hhayi ngenye indlela.

Njengoba lebanga sokudubula yangempela ke lalokhu kuyisithelo sonke yinhle. Ukwahlulela esemthethweni, namanje ngokuvumelana amaSoviet, i- "Ukraine" isibhamu sangempela unikeza uhla ukushaya ilitshe 1.5 km (okuyinto kulabo izikhathi kwakuyinto evamile). I "tagiltsev" njengoba lesi silinganiso ilingana 2.3-2.5 km. Futhi liphi "ngcono"? Nalapha-ke, akucacile.

Ngokuqondene zempi yokwenziwa futhi esisheshayo, lapha indaba nhlobo ezingacacile. A olulodwa (!) Ukuhlolwa isimo High-grade "Bulat" konke lokhu "umzimba ikhithi" ayizange iphumelele. Yonke idatha - kukhethekele ezivela emithonjeni ezisemthethweni laseKharkov. Ngokuqinisekile wonke nezimpikiswano ezifanayo ziqondiswa kanye namakhasimende international: ayathanda T-72, T-80, T-90 futhi okufanayo "Bamba", kodwa ngasizathu simbe bona ngokuphelele ungakujabulisi "Bulat".

Ngokusekelwe ezingenhla, singabona bafinyelele esiphethweni elula. Kharkiv ukuguqulwa nakanjani ngcono izici ikhwalithi ye-T-64 ubudala, kodwa superweapon sakhe singasuki ncamashi turning. Yesimanje okwanele okunomsoco, nezidingo ibutho yesimanje Ukrainian, okuyinto spoilt yi uxhaso evamile. Noma kunjalo, ukuphulukisa azenzeki: emotweni we '60s, ngisho nge injini entsha nokuvikelwa ashukumisayo, ithangi yesimanje ayilingani.'