Izikhwama for the emadlangaleni kuzo ngemibhobho

Esibayeni yisibaluli esisemqoka futhi ebalulekile infield. Ngenxa uhla kakhulu kuwo izinto zokwakha kanye namathuluzi ekudalweni okungaba khona kohlelo ukwakhiwa ezimele ngaphandle kosizo ochwepheshe. Konke kuqala nge base.

Yini okufanele banake kuqale ukwakhiwa

Izikhwama for the emadlangaleni akhethwa ngokusekelwe sezindawo etholakalayo kwenhlabathi futhi uhlobo. Ngokusebenzisa uchwepheshe ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kungenzeka ukukhethwa elilungile okufana elisekela.

Inhlabathi izinhlobo:

• loam sandy;
• loam;
• amatshe;
• ubumba;
• idwala.

Naphezu Ubulula nokusebenziseka ukwakhiwa, ngoba isakhiwo sayo ubhekwa inhlobo efanele kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamadwala kumalungu afanayo obukhulu ngaphandle voids nokusasamba. It libhekene ukuntula daka, qa nenkathi ebandayo, subsidence, ikhono lokwenza isisekelo emhlabeni isakhiwo ukuzinza okwanele.

ubuchwepheshe obusha

Through ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo izintandokazi ngezizathu ezifana, kungenzeka ukuba lelisu ukwakhiwa eliphezulu amatshe, ubumba nenhlabathi, kanye loam sandy and loam. Ngakho-ke uba subsidence ezingabalulekile kangako zenhlabathi, kokucindezelwa yayo enkulu, kanye khona quicksands kanye frost ugonyuluka.

inhlabathi ukuvuvukala singenzeka kokubili ezinhlangothini isakhiwo, futhi ngaphansi kwalo. Izisekelo emadlangaleni ingavikelwa kusukela kule ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• nokususa nenhlabathi ugonyuluka e esakhiweni kwaso indawo uhlalwane nesihlabathi indawo;
• ngokwakha isisekelo Monolithic;
• ungangenisi amanzi kanye ukwahlukanisa ezishisayo we base bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi;
• Ukungena isisekelo ngezansi okokuqandisa.

I-bathele isixazululo

Qualitative izisekelo emadlangaleni ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa ukuqina kwezakhiwo. Ngokukhethekile kufanele inikwe yezingxenye yesixazululo. izici Esanele ezahlukene ejwayelekile Portland usimende, kodwa kumele ube usuku lwakamuva ukukhiqizwa. Desirably zithole imfucumfucu izinhlawulo, ngenxa yalokhu ukusetshenziswa impahla esincishisiwe, ikhambi iba nesisindo esikhudlwana ngesikhathi ebeka futhi Monolithic ngaphezulu ngesikhathi solidification. Kubalulekile ukungabi khona ukungcola kanye doti zonke izingxenye, kuhlanganise namanzi. Ukuze bathole isixazululo kasimende okuxubile, isihlabathi futhi amatshe e-ratio enqunyiwe ke wathela portionwise ngamanzi ukwakha inhlama iyunifomu.

On okuyinto sokwakha isakhiwo

Substrate uhlobo kuyakhethwa kuye namandla ezezimali, ukumelana nemiphumela engemihle (umnkantsha, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba) nezamanje engxenyeni phansi.

Strip izisekelo emadlangaleni kukhona ezihlukahlukene futhi iqine. kudivayisi yabo iqala ngamadijithi Ukumbiwa emseleni. Ngaphambi kulesi sigaba ephawulwe bese usetha ezigxotsheni nge Twine emhlabeni azungezwe we izakhiwo esizayo, welula phakathi kwazo.

Kumila ngeke zithole amandla eyengeziwe kanye nokuqina lapho yokugcwalisa yakhe ngosuku olulodwa futhi ohlangene kahle. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi ngenxa ukuqina ngokhonkolo kuyadingeka izinsuku eziningana, futhi ngesikhathi ukushisa, ukuvimbela ngokuhlaziya, ngezikhathi ke uthele amanzi.

Pier isisekelo ngaphansi elachitheka

Lena inguqulo Isabelomali ilungiselelo futhi kulula ukwenza okuyinto musa ezidinga ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile imishini kanye nokwelashwa Ochwepheshe cha. Kusukela esisekelweni kusekelwe izinsika eziningana, embiwe emhlabathini, akudingekile ukuba amba umsele ephelele. Kufanele kuqashelwe uma ukhetha okukhethwa kukho esinjalo kweqa emhlabathini, kodwa kuyinto ekahle izindawo engalingani.

pier isisekelo ubuchwepheshe

Clay umhlabathi kuyinto efiselekayo ufafaze uhlalwane. Ukujula instillation ukwesekwa izinsika ibalwa ngokusho ezingeni zeqhwa ukunamathela kulesi simiso kumele kwengezwe elinye 15 cm. Egibele ukwesekwa ngezitini noma ukhonkolo enhlanganisweni yebhantshi lensimbi, izindonga amakhona base. Phansi ikhefu ngasinye ligcwele isihlabathi futhi amatshe, balandela ohlangene. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla maphakathi kukhona induku steel.

Ukuvimbela subsidence isakhiwo phansi embondelene isisekelo kwagcizelela-ukhonkolo. izinsika Umsebenzi Wamatshe uthatha isikhala ezisele ekhosombeni. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amapayipi egcwele zikasimende, izitini. Ngo isicelo salokhu kwamuva kudinga ukuba zingangenwa ngamanzi enamathela kwengoma. Pier isisekelo engotsheni kudinga ukuvikelwa umswakama ezindaweni izindonga futhi ekhuthaza isizinda, ikakhulukazi uma ukwakhiwa ugodo okuhleliwe.

Ukusekela amakholomu ukukhanya ukwakhiwa lokhuni zingenziwa impahla efanayo. Isetshenziselwa nokuvikela impregnation ka mastics ekhethekile noma evuthayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, engotsheni uphendulela iluhlaza futhi Ibhajethi.

Isisekelo engotsheni amabhlogo

Penoblok material engasindi futhi iqine ne ngemali ephansi. Setha kulula ngokwanele ngisho kulabo babengazange bahlanganyele kulowo msebenzi. Faka isicelo isizinda futhi udonga, okuvumela ukunciphisa umthwalo jikelele emhlabathini. Iqala ukwakhiwa trenching noma yokwemba, uma udinga ukwakha engaphansi.

Ezisetshenzisiwe ukujula ukubala okukhulunywa ngaso lapha ngenhla, ububanzi kulokhu ukushuba block kanye ezengeziwe 20 cm. Ngesikhathi phansi emgodini (emseleni) ligcwele isicamelo isihlabathi futhi amatshe, is ke efakwe formwork nge luhlaka abalwazi kahle ulimi. Ukhonkolo kuthululwe phezulu, futhi ungqimba kufanele kube-20 cm. Amabhulokhi Foam Ukukhweza kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva solidification ephelele.

Isisekelo engotsheni Foam amabhlogo kuyahluka kalula ukufakwa, engambi eqolo, ukumelana inhlabathi acid nethonya okokuqandisa, impilo ende futhi kancane isikhathi esiningi ukuze uhlele izinto zalo.

Ukubeka Foam amabhlogo iqala amaphuzu ekhoneni. Ukugcwalisa Welding sangaphandle eyenziwa ne ukwengeza izindlela ukuze bazivikele umswakama. Base ezinhlangothini yangaphandle wasibekela ezikhethiwe ungangenisi amanzi impahla ke emseleni is bemba.

Asbhestosi amapayipi ngasesinqeni se izakhiwo

Ukuze izisekelo kwakhiwa emadlangaleni of amapayipi asbestos- uhlobo nge ukufakwa kwabo imithombo yamba futhi ukuthelwa ingxube kakhonkolo. Isetshenziswa yokugcizelela yezinyoni for nokwethenjelwa anda futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa, njenganoma iyiphi enye design, it has kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi.

Phakathi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki Kuyaphawuleka le fragility ukusetshenziswa. Ingabe isikhathi esiphezulu wokusebenza kweminyaka engu-70, sicabanga yokuthi kwagcizelela isisekelo ukhonkolo okwaziyo ukuma iminyaka ambalwa, izisekelo zamatshe isitini nazo yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela ukuphila isikhathi eside.

Isakhiwo columnar we amapayipi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa on nenhlabathi elithambile, amaxhaphozi kanye sezwe nge umehluko ezinkulu zosizo.

Naphezu kwalokhu, lolu hlobo isisekelo kunezinzuzo eziningi:

• Ukuze sokwelapha kuthatha cishe ngesonto, bese ungaqala umsebenzi olwengeziwe.
• Asikho isidingo ukuthenga imithi ukwakha formwork.
• eziphansi. Asbhestosi-usimende amapayipi uhlobo ishibhile zikasimende noma yinqwaba ukhonkolo.
• Asikho isidingo sokumba umsele, qondanisa phansi bese ugcwalisa isihlabathi futhi amatshe ingxube, njengoba kudingwa ezinye izinhlobo elisekela.
• Ukuze ukufakwa akudingi ephakamisa imishini nochwepheshe usizo.