Ferroalloy - Iyini? ferroalloy Plant

Imboni Metallurgical kuyinto umkhakha zobuchwepheshe, okudinga hhayi imithombo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuhlelwe imikhiqizo noma izithasiselo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza izinsimbi. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwe steel usebenzisa Alloys yensimbi nezingxenyana ezithile. Zezakhi okuholela - lena ferro-Alloys.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ferrosplav - material adingekayo ukuze umkhakha Metallurgical, wasebenzisa ngenjongo doping, deoxidation, yokucwenga ayoni futhi izinsimbi non-ayoni. Ngesisekelo ferroalloy ingxubevange wabeka yensimbi (Fe, Ferrum) nge izithasiselo (manganese, i-potassium, molybdenum, i-silicon, njll). Ukukhiqizwa senzeka amayunithi ekhethekile.

Kuze kube manje, lo ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza womshini i ingxubevange yensimbi oluxube engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Ucwaningo olusha kanye nezidingo zezimboni atshengisa ukukhuphuka kwenani ukuxhumana.

Ukuqokwa komgwamanda ferroalloys

Ngo-ayina steel ferroalloys esetshenziswa Dope, ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthola ezingaphezu kuka 2.5 ayizinkulungwane amamaki ezahlukene steel. I lezinsimbi ngcono asetshenziswa izimayini, Metallurgical, amakhemikhali, ukwakhiwa, umkhakha ukuzivikela kanye nezinye izimboni. Ferroalloy - i metal okufakiwe, okuyinto wethulwa guqula izakhiwo impahla lokugcina. izimfanelo Ukulungiswa steel angathuthukisa izakhiwo mechanical, ukumelana lokushisa ukweqisa noma ezinodlame chemical imvelo. I izakhiwo yokugcina impahla kweyeme Ukwakheka, okuyinto yethulwa ngesikhathi yokuncibilikisa insimbi.

ukukhiqizwa Ferroalloy kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo ivumela ukuthola eminye steel elixutshiwe ngemisebenzi ezishintshwe isb, material non-magnetic noma ithuluzi. Deoxidation ensimbi usebenzisa ferroalloy kuyadingeka ngoba ngibopha futhi O-oksijini slag isisindo ingqikithi. Lapha asetshenziswa zezakhi yensimbi ne-silicon, titanium, aluminium nokunye.

Futhi ferroalloy - a lwewashi for steel noma yensimbi inkatho, eklanyelwe ukwehlisa isakhiwo wokusanhlamvu impahla kanye ngcono ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo lokukhanda. Ukuze Umakhi yensimbi kuhlanganiswe izakhi eziningana ezifana calcium + silicon nensimbi + manganese + nensimbi + magnesium ne-silicon al.

izinto zokusetshenziswa

ukukhiqizwa ferroalloy iqala nge-ore engahluziwe okuyinto elicwile iqembu elithile izakhi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ferrosilicon futhi ferrochromium esetshenziswa ore abasizakali, futhi ferrotitanium noma ferrotungsten kuyinto okuphakelayo ukugxilisa ingqondo. Inqubo zobuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa isinyathelo ukunciphisa metal oxides, kufakwe kwakwakhe. Ukusabela kulethe kakhulu okusansimbi noma oxides zayo. elementi ezase uthola izimo ifomu ozinzile futhi ukungabi khona namachibi reverse. Insimbi steel umkhakha esigabeni samanje indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa electrothermal ka ferroalloys, ogxile redox ukuphendula. Ukuqeda steel ne ukwengeza ferroalloy kunciphisa izinga lokushisa esithandweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amandla ukusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa.

izinhlobo ferroalloys

Okwamanje, ukukhiqizwa ezweni ferroalloys kuyinto kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-16.5 ngonyaka. Inombolo yezinto emakhulwini brand elihlangabezana ngokugcwele izidingo zonke izinhlobo ukukhiqizwa steel (abavamile, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile, ukwakhiwa). share waseRussia ekukhiqizeni izwe kuyinto 12.7%, izikhundla ehola kuthiwa elalihlala China, US, iJapan. Ferroalloy - lokhu ingenye imikhiqizo athandwa kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa yayo kuyinto isiqondiso othembisayo ukuthuthukiswa imboni.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ferroalloys:

• Ferrosilicon.
• Silicocalcium.
• Ferromanganese.
• Ferrochrome (medium, ongaphakeme-carbon, i-carbon-free).
• Silikohrom.
• Ferrotungsten.
• Ferromolybdenum.
• Ferrovanadium.
• Ferrotitanium.
• Ferroboron.
• Alloys Exothermic.

ferroalloy umkhakha

Ferroalloy umkhakha laseRussia belilokhu imelelwa ibhizinisi elilodwa, ise Urals kuze 1917. amandla plant sakhiwa amaziko amabili ngesikhathi 250 kW. 4 izitshalo kwangena ku 30s operation: Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk, Zaporozhye (Ukraine), Zestafoni (Georgia).

Esikhathini kusuka 1942 kuya ku-1945 yayakhiwe sethula Kuznetsky, Aktobe, Klyuchevskii izitshalo ferroalloy. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi bafakwa ukusebenza ngezigaba Serov (1956), Stakhanov e-Ukraine (1962), Nikopol (Ukraine, 1966), Ermak e Kazakhstan (1968). amandla Ibe ngokugcwele izidingo emakethe yasekhaya futhi bavunyelwa ukuba bangene eZweni emakethe benezinto sipho ukuncintisana. Inani ivolumu ukukhiqizwa of ferroalloys ngesikhathi kuwa iSoviet Union zaba amathani 6 million ngonyaka. ERussia izitshalo eziyishumi lisebenza namuhla, onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa ferroalloys. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi iyona Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant.

Aksu isitshalo e Kazakhstan

Aksu Ferroalloy Plant Itholakala Pavlodar esifundeni Kazakhstan. Kuze 1995 wawubizwa ngokuthi Ermak Ferroalloys, ethuma usuku - 1966. Ngo-1995 inkampani wathengiswa inkampani Japanese Japan Chrom Corp., ngawo lowo nyaka waba ilungu "Kazchrome" corporation. Ubude ukukhiqizwa yonyaka abangaba yisigidi amathani imikhiqizo. Okwamanje, le nkampani ingenye abaholi bezwe ekukhiqizeni Alloys. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi nomthamo megawatts 600. The main umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene - chromium, manganese, Silicon Alloys.

umthamo Production:

• Four smelter.
• Samashumi Amabili Nesithupha amaziko kagesi nge umthamo kusuka 16.5 kuya 63 MVA.
• workshop ababili wokulungiselela.
• Slag processing plant.
• Mechanical yokulungisa.
• Imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi bezitimela isitshalo.

Inani kwabasebenzi enkampanini - abantu 6.000.

Novokuznetsk isitshalo

Ngo-1942 waqala ukukhiqiza ferroalloys Novokuznetsk. Ngo-1992 inkampani washintsha uhlobo lwaso uhulumeni, ekubeni inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela. Ushintsho lokuqala ubunikazi kwenzeka ngo-2000, inkampani ukuphathwa isibe MDM iqembu. Futhi kusukela ngo-2010 lesi sitshalo wawuqondiswa Ural-Siberian Metallurgical Inkampani.

Imikhiqizo eyinhloko zenzelwe deoxidizing, alloying ensimbi ferrosilicon. Ukuze umkhakha wobunjiniyela ekhishwe modifiers elisetshenziswa ukuncibilika yensimbi. Kunohlobo olusha ukukhiqizwa microsilica yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi tundishes abahilelekile ekubunjweni.

Klyuchevskii isitshalo

Klyuchevskii Ferroalloy Plant yasungulwa ngesisekelo hromoobogatitelnoy ifektri ngo-1941. Kuze kube manje, isikhala post-Soviet kuphela manje ukhiqiza angaphezu kuka-30 izinhlobo ferroalloys, Alloys. Afakwe yenkampani "MidUral Group".

Ububanzi imikhiqizo kuhlanganisa:

• Silicocalcium nezinye izithasiselo ka vanadium, zirconium, titanium, aluminium.
• Silikovanady, ferronioby, silicocalcium, ferrotitanium.
• okuqukethwe magnesium Umlungisi ferrosilikotsirkony.
• Ligature - esekelwe niobium futhi nickel kusukela ezingavamile emhlabeni izinsimbi.
• Slag et al.

imikhiqizo yamanje esetshenziselwa deoxidizing, alloying, degassing le steel futhi Alloys yayo, kanye modifiers yensimbi.

Nikopol ferroalloy

Isigaba sokuqala lesi sitshalo wethulwa 1966. Kusukela ngo-1968, inkampani kubhekwa elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. I izimbali enkulu negcwele umthamo ukusetshenziswa Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant lokuzuziwe 1985-1990. Ngemva okuyinto ukukhiqiza waqala wehlise kancane. Kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo - eqashelwayo umkhakha umholi e-Ukraine. Ngenxa yesimo sezomnotho esinzima kuba on the esengozini lokuvala.

imikhiqizo:

• Ferrosilikatomarganets.
• Ferromanganese.
• electrode unama.
• Fluxes.
• Slag Abrasives, imfucumfucu.
• Climb ukukhiqizwa.

Lesi sitshalo e eBratsk

EBratsk Ferroalloy Plant Itholakala esifundeni sase-Irkutsk futhi umkhiqizi elikhulu ferrosilicon East laseSiberia esifundeni. Imboni yasungulwa ngesisekelo omunye ezitolo le eBratsk aluminium isitshalo. amabhizinisi akudingeki kwakubangelwa zakuleli ngoba Semiconductors, nama-solar, electronics. Umkhiqizo main ibhizinisi kuyinto ferrosilicon nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu Silicon - 75%. Udaba sase sihlala 1998. Ukuze uvikele i yayo izinto zokusetshenziswa BFZ ukuthuthukisa Uvat quartzite emkhandweni wensimbi. Isakhiwo zezimboni uthola ugesi kusukela eseduze eBratsk HPP, okuyinto kwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu zazo ithengiswe inkampani ukulawula "Mechel" phakathi amabhizinisi.

Serov

Serov Ferroalloys ayatholakala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Lesi sikhungo singesokuqala umkhiqizi lesibili ngobukhulu e-Russia. The main imikhiqizo - carbon ferrochrome (ephezulu carbon, naphakathi-carbon, ongaphakeme-carbon, ferrosilicochrome). Isigaba sokuqala lesi sitshalo wethulwa 1961. Kuze kube manje, ingxenye yenkampani "CHMEK".

ferroalloy isitshalo Itholakala Sverdlovsk esifundeni (Serov), amandla yonyaka ukukhiqizwa imayelana ayizinkulungwane 200 amathani imikhiqizo siphelile. Uveza spectrum enkulu ligatures ngesisekelo ongaphakeme-carbon ferrochromium etholwe ngokuxuba Udambisa. Ukuphendula yokusingatha izidingo steel emakethe yasekhaya, inkampani kahle ukukhiqizwa ferrosilicon. Imikhiqizo ezilethwa ibhonga abaningi bezinye izizwe kanye namabhizinisi yasekhaya.

Aktobe isitshalo

Lesi sitshalo itholakala ku Aktobe (Kazakhstan). I ton lokuqala ferroalloys yadalwa ngesikhathi isitshalo ngo-1943. The main imikhiqizo - ferroaluminum, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, ferrotsink, izinsimbi nonferrous futhi Alloys yabo, ngoba Alloys izinqubo okhanda amanye amathuba.

Aktobe ferroalloys isitshalo ngonyaka ukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-300,000 imikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ukhiqiza ugxilisa ngoba yokusansimbi (ilmentinovy, zircon, rutile). Lesi sitshalo ingenye abaholi bezwe embonini ukukhiqizwa. inkampani Management - TNK "Kazchrome".

Izitshalo eRussia futhi ferroalloys CIS

Enterprises Russia:

• Alapaevsk imikhiqizo yokusansimbi ifektri - ferromanganese.
• Kosogorsky MTZ Tula, imikhiqizo - ingulube yensimbi, ferromanganese.
• Serov, imikhiqizo - carbon ferrochrome.
• EBratsk isitshalo, imikhiqizo main - ferrosilicon.
• Ryazan Plant, imikhiqizo main - ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium, ferro-tungsten Alloys of izinsimbi ezingavamile akhiqizwa at simila.
• imikhiqizo isitshalo Tikhvin - carbon ferrochrome.
• Kuznetsk Ferroalloy Plant (ferrosilicon).
• Klyuchevskii isitshalo ukhiqiza Alloys ezingavamile - ferroboron, ferronoby, ferrotitanium, nabanye.
• Chelyabinsk-IEC - umholi umkhakha. imikhiqizo yamanje - ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicochrome, silicocalcium nabanye.
• Kingisepp isitshalo (ferromanganese, silicomanganese).

Enterprises Ukraine:

• Zaporizhia ferroalloy isitshalo silwenza ferrosilicon manganese metal, ferroalloys, nabanye.
• Nikopol, imikhiqizo - ferroalloys, ferromanganese, nabanye.
• Stakhanov e Lugansk esifundeni, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo - ferroalloys, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese.
• IDonetsk Ferroalloys Plant, imikhiqizo main - Ferroaljuminy.

Ekuqaleni 2017 izinkampani Ukrainian cishe saphela imisebenzi ngenxa yempi yombango kanye nenhlekelele kwezomnotho ezijulile kuleli zwe.

Enterprises Kazakhstan:

• Aktobe isitshalo, imikhiqizo esekelwe chromium, manganese, Silicon Alloys.
• Aksu isitshalo ukhiqiza ferromanganese, ferrochrome nabanye.

abakhiqizi Georgian:

• Zestafoni ifektri izinhlobo ekhiqizwa ka ferroalloys - ferromanganese.