Vula-Iziko steel ukukhiqizwa futhi nemartenovskoe

Man ukuqinisekisa izidingo zabo besebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinto. Futhi omunye wabo, yebo, eyakho insimbi. Okwamanje kunzima ukuthola indawo enjalo yizenzo zabantu lapho bengekho. Futhi izinsimbi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana eyinhloko: anemibala, emihle futhi omnyama.

iqembu ayoni kuhlanganise chromium, manganese, futhi yebo, nensimbi Alloys zayo eziningi. Futhi lokho Alloys yensimbi ziyisisekelo ngobuchwepheshe besimanje. Futhi nakuba manje kukhona izinto ezintsha Ceramic futhi polymeric, ngeke ngokushesha bakwazi esikhundleni steel ezimnandi zakudala futhi inkatho yensimbi.

Ngokuthi steel ingxubevange yensimbi ne-carbon futhi okuqukethwe carbon e ingxubevange akufanele idlule 2.14%. Uma okuqukethwe kwawo phezulu kunalesi sibalo, lokhu ingxubevange has a yensimbi yokusakaza. Njengoba yenziwe kusukela cast iron noma steel kusuka edayisa izinsimbi e steelmaking amaziko at yokusansimbi ezahlukene. Futhi omunye izinqubo endala futhi ephelelwe yisikhathi kakade kukhiqizwe steel kuvulekile-kwemizi amaziko. isimiso sayo liqukethe yokuthi yensimbi kanye Scrap Metal okwenziwa esithandweni reverberatory. Ukuze ancibilike okuqinile ophethe izinto futhi shisisa steel lokushisa oyifunayo, futhi ukuze sivale lapho sisilela ukulahlekelwa eside ezishisayo, ukushisa lutholakala. It ikhiqizwa ovuthayo ukukhwezelwa umfudlana emoyeni kushisa kakhulu.

Ukuze inqubo amandla omlilo satlikitlwa maximal futhi ukukhiqizwa steel isebenzisa isilinganiso samandla esingaphansi, kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu fuel uyaphakama kuyinto esikhaleni zokusebenza. Ngenxa yalesi emoyeni injongo sidla esithandweni endaweni kunangendlela lemali edingekile. Lokhu ngokufanele kudala-mpilo isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona walo emkhathini. Futhi ngaphansi kwalesi simo moya une-oksijini ezakhiwe noqhekeko yamanzi nesikhutha ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu okuyinto. Ngakho, esithandweni Kumiswa isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona komoya-mpilo, ikhuthaza namachibi sensimbi nezinye izakhi lesikweletu. Ngenxa yalokhu namachibi ukhiqiza eziningi oxides ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Bona, kanye ukungcola nezinhlayiyana zidilika ifomu liner slag. Lokhu slag ulula kakhulu kunensimbi, futhi asimboze ngesikhathi encibilika. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma steel evulekile-Iziko Indlela kancane kancane indawo ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo izinhlobo lezinsimbi, aqukethe izakhi eziningi. iphesenti kwabo isidingo bengathathi kakhulu. Lezi lezinsimbi futhi sisebenza kuzo zonke insimbi engagqwali owaziwa. Futhi ukukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali - lena ngempela umsebenzi onzima ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela evulekile-Iziko is nzima kakhulu. Uma le-carbon ku insimbi engagqwali iqukethe kancane kakhulu, futhi lokhu okunye inkinga ibe lukhuni. Futhi sokuncibilikisa insimbi engagqwali kanye nezinye brand efanayo kaningi zisebenzisa kagesi arc amaziko. Bangase babe namandla ahlukene futhi umthamo. Umthombo ukushisa kuhhavini ezinjalo kuba i arc kagesi. Kwenzeka phakathi electrode kanti icala noma insimbi ezibunjiwe, ngemva lwamanje enikeziwe kubo amandla adingekayo.

Lokhu arc ukusakazwa kwezindaba electron, metal evala futhi amagesi ionized slag. lokushisa yayo idlula uphawu 3,000 degrees. Kungenzeka njengoba ngu DC izicelo futhi AC. Kodwa kule kagesi arc esithandweni isetshenziswa kuphela kushintshana zamanje. Ekuqaleni, kuyilapho sensimbi hhayi sekuqala ukufudumala kahle esithandweni, le arc therein ngokushintsha polarity of the electrode luqede. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi icala is gu ngokuphelele kanye okugeza embozwe ungqimba umfaniswano slag, le arc is uhlaliseke njalo liqala ukuvuthela ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa steel esithandweni okuphuma ngaphandle izinkinga.

Ukuze ukuncibilika izinsimbi futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku lokungeniswa amaziko. Umgomo we operation simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: kushintshana kazibuthe ekujabulisayo le zensimbi kagesi, ukushisa ikhishwe, esetshenziselwa encibilika kwensimbi. A umthombo kazibuthe esithandweni ezinjalo kuba yingxenye inductor. Poizvodstvo ensimbi eliyiziko lokungeniswa kunezinzuzo eziningana kuqhathaniswa ne esithandweni kagesi. Okokuqala, ingabe kungenzeka ukuba ulungise kahle izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika inikeza ukusebenza kahle ephakeme. Futhi okwesibili, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya lwesikhathi kagesi kanye electrode esithandweni enjalo ivumela ukuthola kuyo ongaphakeme carbon steel. Ukuqeda esithandweni lokungeniswa unika takzhne futhi ongaphakeme ezishile alloying izakhi, okuyinto ebalulekile sokuncibilikisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ingxubevange steel.