Ziyisivikelo zokuthutha: Umlando kanye ngcono izigaba

Imbangela kokuzalwa indlela kwaba isidingo ngenkasa abalimi waseGibhithe lasendulo, eMesophothamiya, eChina, eNdiya. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Sekuyisikhathi eside abalimi kula mazwe kwadingeka ukuba eyayenziwe nisela izitshalo zabo. Bese ngithole indlela usebenzisa amathuluzi bakudala ukuze ulungise ezokuthutha amanzi. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu emazweni ahlukahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa lesi simiso ngokusobala waba jikelele. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngokusungulwa kwesibonakhulu isondo, abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa amandla amanzi lo msebenzi.

Ngezikhathi Ancient Greece Nombuso WaseRoma Mills, imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo nezinye izindlela ayebekwa ezinyakazayo ngosizo izigqila, futhi kamuva - ngosizo izilwane.

izigaba ukuphelela

Kodwa langempela ibhande zokuthutha, ajwayelekile kanye zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini, uvele kuphela ekhulwini le-18. Okokuqala wakhonza njengoba isisekelo ibhodi zabo, lapho tape idluliswa e lesikhumba noma ngendwangu. Ngo-1908, Hayml Goddar lobunikazi roller isisekelo zokuthutha. Kodwa ngempela "umzali" we ibhande elihambayo, elihambayo isibe uHenry Ford, owaphawula ukuthi abasebenzi balahlekelwe isikhathi esiningi kakhulu ukulethwa izingxenye ezisele lephakeme uma sebangena emsebentini, bese usetha elihambayo amabhande lapho izingxenye sishukumiseleka emnyangweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo kwenyuswe umkhiqizo, encishisiwe izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kwaba ukuqala ku amapayipi ukuthuthukiswa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela isisindo ezinyakaza beba more and more ophelele. A round esisha ibhande zokuthutha yazuza ukuthuthukiswa ukuthuthukiswa yezimboni emikhakheni ehlukahlukene (i ezimayini zegolide, amalahle, imikhando).

Izinhlobo kanye Ububanzi

Namuhla, ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo zokuthutha iziteleka. Ngosizo lezi sithola izinto esikhumulweni sezindiza, ebhikawozi, ukudla okunoshukela amaphepha ephrintiwe ukusebenza, ukuqoqa izimoto, thatha amalahle ezimayini bese ukuhambisa amabanga omkhulu we-rock avela ngasezinkwalini.

Ukusetshenziswa amapayipi konga isikhathi, ikuvumela ukuba nokwandisa inqubo ukukhiqizwa futhi ukubabulala esindayo umsebenzi wezandla.

kudivayisi yakhe, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye imishini kokusiphakamisela, elula ngokwanele, kuba lula ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa. Izingxenye ezisemqoka elihambayo yilezi:

• ukwesekwa (umile noma ingashintshwa ukuze ukuhambisa);
• ukushayela ibhande elihambayo, esakhiwa motor reducer (cylindrical impethu nge chain noma ibhande ukudluliswa noma ibhande-igiya uhlobo) kanye ukushayela sigubhu;
• Esekelwa ebusweni (ezinamasondo noma uthayela);
• abathwele umzimba - ibhande elihambayo;
• ukungezwani indlela (isigubhu kanye isikulufa).

Ukuhambisa izinto ezihlukahlukene yasungulwa elihambayo amabhande ngezinhlobo eziningi:

• tape;
• ipuleti;
• inertia;
• vibration;
• roller;
• bushelelezi;
• Kumisiwe umthwalo esindayo;
• ukusunduza;
• Wagon;
• Ibhakede futhi imbeleko;
• isikulufa.

Ezinye zazo anencazelo ekhethekile, isibonelo, ukuthuthwa abagibeli (escalators). I isiqondiso ukunyakaza impahla emikhunjini kungaba yini - evundlile, bayichezukisa, mpo.

Ngempela, ibhande elihambayo likwazi isimo indlela ethandwa kakhulu ukuhambisa cishe noma yikuphi okubalulekile. electronics Modern ezishintshayo ukwandisa amakhono ayo izikhathi eziningi phezu.