Private umthetho izinkulumo ngamazwe.

Ngo isayensi yesimanje Russian futhi Western namanje alikho impendulo icacile futhi isobala yombuzo, lokho kuyinto international izinkulumo umthetho wangasese (MPP). Ngaphezu ukuntuleka incazelo eqondile kwaleli gama kukhona ezivamile yokusondela isakhiwo kanye ngezigaba leli qiniso eziyinkimbinkimbi ne-multi-ngxenye. Kokunye, lokhu kubangelwa yokuthi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yangasese belilokhu likhona kusukela ekhulwini XIX futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye washintsha eziningi kugucuka, futhi esikhathini esidlule zomlando ocebile.

Ukusungulwa kwe-elithi kufanele nika umahluleli INkantolo Ephakeme Yase-United States, uProfesa waseHarvard Dzh.Stori, owaphila nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu XIX futhi uye lectured ku Private Law International. Ngalezo zinsuku, e-US le nkulumo isetshenziswa kanye nomunye umqondo eside akhona "ukungqubuzana kwemithetho". Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, leli gama liye babesuke oyisazi American futhi emazweni Izwe Elidala. Nokho, ngo-School European lo mqondo sahunyushelwa kancane ehlukile: njengoba iqoqo imithetho ingxabano, ezihlobene khona ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu States ezahlukene, futhi kusebenza lapho uhlobo ubuhlobo bantu bahlanganisa okubizwa ngokuthi isici angaphandle. ukuhumusha okunjalo nomqondo yangasese ngamazwe umthetho izinkulumo ezigcinwe isayensi European kuze kube yilolu suku.

ososayensi American R.Deyvis futhi M.Garrison cabanga imigomo "ukungqubuzana kwemithetho" futhi "umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yangasese" ahlobene efanayo kakhulu emvelweni. Zombili imiqondo le Ngokombono wabo, zihlanganisa iqoqo kwezinkambiso zomthetho ezilungele lokubhekana nezinkinga ezinjalo interethnic ukuxhumana ingxenye, ezifana inkantolo uMbuso okufanele ukuxazulula impikiswano zomthetho futhi amalungelo isimo, okufanele kuleli cala isicelo.

Ezweni lethu, izinkulumo, umthetho wamazwe yangasese futhi ukhona ekhulwini XIX. A umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale ndawo wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo esethula abanamakhono usosayensi Russian FF Martens. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, wanyathelisa umsebenzi zakhe ezivelele "umthetho Modern wezizwe izizwe eziphucukile." Lokhu ngokuphelele ezintsha futhi ohahela isikhundla kakhulu ngesikhathi sawo incwadi beyiqukethe kwesigaba lonke anikezelwe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yangasese. Martens ngamnyama izimpawu ezimbili ezibalulekile MCHP: yimvelo civil kanye isici ngamazwe ezingaguquki.

Njengoba okuthiwa ubuhlobo inhlangano ingase ibe, isibonelo, noma yimuphi umuntu, banezimfanelo izakhamuzi elinye izwe (ongalwazi kazwelonke, umbaleki, umuntu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo, bamazwe ezimbili), inhlangano yangaphandle, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene futhi izinkomba uhulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, kanye kwelinye izwe ngisho lonke.

Kwezinye izimo, egatsheni yomthetho wezizwe ubhekene nezimo ezinjalo, lapho inhlangano engokomthetho itholakala phesheya. Lokhu kungenzeka, isibonelo, ingcebo, perehodimoe ngofuzo, okuyinto phesheya. Indlela asondele Kulokhu ngombono kwezomthetho kuncike Yiqiniso, lapho abameleli amazwe amabili abathintekayo kule ndaba. Kodwa indima yalapha Kulokhu kudlalwa yimithetho umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yangasese, esiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingeni eliphezulu ngokuya zamakhono zomthetho.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu njalo futhi ezimweni lapho eyodwa noma nezinye Eqinisweni zomthetho noma ubudlelwano obusemthethweni lomthetho akuyona Insimu State yombuzo, futhi nangale. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhamuzi Russia, ngenkathi phesheya, ehilelekile uhambo ngemgwaco futhi ekugcineni wathola ekulimaleni. Lokhu kwenzeka nje umfanekiso esiphelele esifundeni okuhlanganisa zomthetho futhi sihlola indlela isicelo izinkulumo isayensi emthethweni yangasese ngamazwe.