Glaciology - isayensi lokho? Lokho glaciologist cwaningo?

Glaciology - isayensi lokho? Yini benze ochwepheshe ezisebenza kulo mkhakha? Ake sizame ukuthola impendulo yale mibuzo kanye neminye.

Glaciology uyafundelwa?

Igama elithi livela amazwi Latin "glyatsies" - ice, futhi "logo" - isifundiso izwi. Glaciology - isayensi ice esakha endaweni yemvelo phezu le planethi, ku lithosphere, umkhathi hydrosphere.

Imisebenzi eyabelwe isayensi zihlanganisa:

• ukufunda izici kumiswa ice, izimo zikhona;
• Ukutadisha Ukwakheka, izakhiwo ngokomzimba ice;
• Ukuhlola imiphumela Geological kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá surface iplanethi sika;
• Ukutadisha ukusatshalaliswa ezindawo indlela okwakheke ngayo ice.

Glaciology - isayensi ice ukuthi kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa physics, yokuma komhlaba. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha kabanzi izindlela Mechanics of Sciences Geographical.

Umlando kumiswa isayensi

Qala imfundiso wabeka abadumile Swiss entabeni umgibeli, isazi sokuma kanye semvelo Oras Benedikt de Saussure. Izinjongo kanye isihloko a izitayela ezintsha ucwaningo waba nqunu e yakhe umsebenzi ngesandla "Journey Alps." Umsebenzi kwenza ososayensi ngesikhathi 1779-th nonyaka 1796-th.

imigomo ethile izinkinga ebhekene glaciologist, waba evezwe 19 leminyaka th. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi, ososayensi okuntulayo ngokwezinto izinto ehlelekile mayelana izinguzunga zeqhwa. ulwazi enganele nekhono mayelana izakhiwo ngokomzimba ice, ngokuziphatha kwayo. Ngakho-ke, isigaba sokuqala enkulu ukuthuthukiswa yesayensi ye omsakazo besihambisana nesiminyaminya ikakhulu ekuqongeleleni ulwazi, ukwakheka indlela yesayensi.

I Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba ukuqala isayensi eziningi ezinkulu mikhankaso okuhloswe ngazo ekutadisheni glaciation, bagxila kule ndawo ye-Arctic Circle. Anyusiwe ukudalula okushiwo izenzakalo ngokomzimba ezenzeka zamaqhwa, ukuvela ezifana izindlela eqondile njengoba izithombe zasemoyeni, photogrammetry, ukubhola ezishisayo, ephenya ngokuthengwa inhlabathi. Phakathi nale nkathi, ososayensi ephethwe ukuthuthukisa ngezigaba ezivamile ice, ikakhulukazi ukulandelela ukunyakaza, ukwakheka kanye ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá.

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule baye baqoqa idatha olunzulu ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo eyiqhwa. Ososayensi bakwazi ukuthola ezintsha kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa ukwenza lwemibhalo zabo incazelo enemininingwane.

What do glaciologists?

Glaciologist - ubuthishela, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto ukufunda zokwakheka ice kwakheka imvelo. ochwepheshe okunjalo basafunda izici ukubukeka kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, ukuziphatha kwabo, izinqubo eziholela ukuncibilika iqhwa.

Glaciologist - umsebenzi esibandakanya ekutadisheni izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, amadamu, okuyinto akhiwa iqhwa ukuncibilika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo nekhono kule akhawunti isigaba imizila eziyingozi amabalazwe, avimbele okuvela nezinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo.

Yini SIZUZISA owenza omsakazo?

Glaciology - isayensi izifundo, okokuqala kunakho konke, yeqhwa elalizobhubhisa surface iplanethi sika. Ngokusho ososayensi, izinhlangano igxile mayelana 11% womhlaba Imininingwane. Baphetha oda kwezigidi ezingu-29 amakhilomitha square ³ angenasawoti. Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kunomthelela ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo amanzi izinsiza emifuleni nasemachibini, okuyinto akhiwa ngenxa ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omsakazo - isayensi nendlela yokuzigwema ukuze zingasivimbi izinhlekelele zemvelo, imbangela okuyinto ukushintsha ukuziphatha izinguzunga zeqhwa. Uhlangothi esisebenzayo yokufundisa ophethe ezimali ezindaweni, okuyinto akhishwa ukuhamba ngokubona izinguzunga zeqhwa, ngenhloso yokufeza imisebenzi yezomnotho.

nezikhungo yesayensi

Ukuze isifundo kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá namuhla kuvule inxanxathela izikhungo ezikhethekile, okuyizinto eRussia, e-USA, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, UK, kwamanye amazwe athuthukile. Kusukela 1894, esebenza ekomidini glaciological yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza isifundo iqhwa.

Ukuze ukuthuthukisa isayensi ihlelwe uchungechunge iziteshi, okuyinto bagxile the Polar Urals, Franz Josef Land, e-Altai, Izingqungqulu Zomhlaba, ku North-East nase-Asia Ephakathi.

izifundo glaciological Okubalulekile

Lolu hambo lokuqala sina okuhloswe ngaso ukutadisha izinguzunga zeqhwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yayiqhutshelwa esikhathini kusuka ngo-1923 kuya 1933, unyaka i-ososayensi Soviet. Kokuma enziwa Asia Ephakathi, yi-Urals, Novaya Zemlya. Injongo imikhankaso sabo ukuqoqwa kolwazi ewusizo ku zokwakheka ice.

Umxhwele kwawuqhubekisela ekuthuthukiseni isayensi eviyweni, ihlelwe umcwaningi Soviet A. Avsyukom esikhathini kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1960-th. It yayihloselwe ukuqapha zamaqhwa we Tien Shani. Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukusetha ijubane futhi iphethini ukunyakazisa eyiqhwa.

Ngo-1877, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuhlela amasevisi Aerospace ekhethekile, okumele sihlale ukuqapha ukuncibilika iqhwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni. Injongo indalo yayo ithathé isinyathelo kumiswa ku izinqubo eziholela umthamo wemvula yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Ngokokuqala ngqá kokuma enjalo Kwakuseshwa by amatilosi isikhala esiteshini "Salyut-6". Ucwaningo egqoke nemvelo ezibukwayo. Ungqimba eyinhloko idatha ezibalulekile, ososayensi bakwazi ukuqoqa ngokusebenzisa 12-nesibaya kanye omabonakude 6-emhlanjini. Izithombe zika-surface yomhlaba ukuthi Kwakuseshwa kusuka ukuphakama mayelana 350 km, wafa lonke eningi eliphezulu izithombe ngosizo ongakwenza izilinganiso ngempela olunembile.

Ngo-2012, glaciologist yasekhaya owayesebenza Antarctica, yehlulekile ukufeza imishini ngempumelelo cap ice, ukushuba of okuyinto mayelana 4 km. Ososayensi baye bathola ukufinyelela emanzini nezakudala ice echibini. Tadisha isimo semvelo esiyingqayizivele ukuthi uye savela izigidi zeminyaka, wembula amagciwane ezazingaziwa isayensi. Ukutholwa kwakubalulekile ukuba ukuthuthukiswa hhayi kuphela omsakazo, kodwa futhi emkhakheni wezakhi isikhala. Imiphumela yakhe ezingalindelekile basikisela ukuthi onjalo isobho wezokudla akuzona kuphela ngaphansi cap eqhweni esifundeni eMhlabeni, kodwa futhi kwamanye amaplanethi futhi iziphuphutheki yabo.