Ukucindezeleka oxidative: indima mshini, izinkomba

Ukucindezeleka ubhekwa impendulo non-ezithile zomzimba ukuze isenzo yezici yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle. Lenchazelo ayiswa umkhuba wokusebenzisa H. Selye (physiologist Canadian). Noma yisiphi isenzo noma isimo kungaba avuse ukucindezeleka. Nokho, umuntu angabona ukuhlukanisa umuntu isici futhi bakubize ngokuthi imbangela eyinhloko umzimba ukuphendula.

izici

Lapho ehlaziya ukusabela asihlobene kungakhathaliseki isimo (ezimnandi noma kubuhlungu kangangani) itholakala emzimbeni. Okuthakazelisayo ukushuba izidingo lithathelwe noma rearrangement ngaphansi kwezimo. Umzimba ngokuyinhloko ehlaselwe ejenti kuyacasula umelana ikhono layo ukuba ivumelane nezimo futhi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo. Ngenxa yalokho, singasho bafinyelela esiphethweni elandelayo. Ukucindezeleka kuyingxenye izimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi oluhambelana esikhishwe umzimba uma umthelela isici. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi kwezesayensi lithathelwe jikelele syndrome.

esigabeni

Ukuzijwayeza syndrome Kwenzeka ngezigaba. Okokuqala kufika esigabeni lokukhathazeka. Umzimba kulesigaba baveze yokusabela ngqo umthelela. Eyesibili esiteji - Ukumelana. Kulesigaba umzimba isetshenziswa ukukhulisa izimo. Ngesikhathi sigaba sokugcina yokukhathala kwenzeka. Ukuze kudlule izigaba odlule umzimba usebenzisa izinqolobane zalo. Ngakho, esigabeni sokugcina basuke kakhulu mpilo. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi yomzimba eqala rearrangements kwesakhiwo. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi akwanele ukuba asinde. Ngakho, ungalungiseki amandla ezitolo selinciphile futhi umzimba iyeke ukuzivumelanisa.

ukucindezeleka oxidative

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. izinhlelo Antioxidant futhi pro-oxidants ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ukuza zibe sesimweni esingazinzile. Ukwakheka izakhi zingozi zihlanganisa zonke izici ukuthi adlale indima ebonakalayo ekuqiniseni kumiswa radicals khulula noma nezinye izinhlobo esisheshayo njengomoya-mpilo. могут быть представлены разными агентами. izindlela eyinhloko imiphumela elimazayo yokucindezeleka oxidative kungenzeka emelelwa ejenti ezahlukene. Lezi kungaba izinto yeselula: yokulimala kwezimila mitochondrial, ama-enzyme ethile. могут быть и внешними. I izindlela oxidative ukucindezeleka kungaba zangaphandle. Lezi, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ukubhema, imithi, ukungcoliswa komoya nokunye.

free radicals

Basuke njalo kwakhiwa emzimbeni womuntu. Kwezinye izimo, kuba kubangelwa okungahleliwe yezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ezizivelelayo hydroxyl (OH). Umbala wawo Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ukuchayeka njalo ionizing emisebeni kanye nemazinga laphasi superoxide ukukhululwa ngenxa electron ukuvuza kanye ezokuthutha yabo chain. Kwezinye izimo, okuvela kuyo ezizivelelayo ngenxa ukusebenza phagocytes nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi oxide nitric amangqamuzana endothelial.

Izinqubo zokucindezeleka oxidative

Izinqubo okuvela khulula olukhulu ngekukhula umzimba impendulo cishe olinganiselayo. Kulokhu, kulula kakhulu ukuhambisa ibhalansi isihlobo esivuna ezizivelelayo. . Ngenxa iphazamiseke cell oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo futhi ukucindezeleka oxidative kwenzeka. Iningi izakhi esimweni ukubekezelela degree ngokulinganisela ukungalingani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona lamaseli izakhiwo reparative. Bona ikhombe futhi isuse molecule obonakele. Endaweni yokugcina izinto ezintsha zifika. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli unekhono ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa, ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka oxidative. Ngokwesibonelo, amagundane ezibekwe izimo umoya-mpilo okumsulwa, afe ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kuthiwa emoyeni evamile iqukethe mayelana 21% O _2. Uma umthelela izilwane kancane kancane ngemithamo oksijini, ukuvikelwa kwabo luzoqiniswa. Umphumela bungatholakala ukuthi rat futhi bangakwazi ukuze uthumele 100% O ₂ okuhlushwa. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. Noma kunjalo, ukucindezeleka eqinile oxidative kungasilimaza kakhulu noma yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo.

izici ngodlame

Njengoba okushiwo ngenhla, ibhalansi umzimba inakekelwa radicals khulula nokuvikelwa. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Kule singaphetha ngokuthi ukucindezeleka oxidative kubangelwa yezizathu ezimbili okungenani. Eyokuqala ukunciphisa umsebenzi Ukuvikelwa. Eyesibili ukwandisa kumiswa ezizivelelayo ngezinga ukuthi Antioxidants abakwazi iwukudambisa kubo.

Encishisiwe impendulo zokuzivikela

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlelo antioxidant incike umsoco ofanele ezaziwayo. Ngakho, kungashiwo lwaphetha ngokuthi ukuncipha ekuvikelweni umzimba kuwumphumela ukudla okungenamsoco. Uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi, izifo human eziningi kubangelwa ukuntula izakhi antioxidant. Ngokwesibonelo, neurodegeneration itholwa ngenxa engayitholi lokungakeneli iziguli kabani umzimba awukwazi ukugaya amafutha vitamin E ngokufanele. Kukhona nobufakazi ukuphakamisa ukuthi atheleleke nge-HIV abantu, abuyiselwe ezitholakele lymphocyte glutathione e lokuhlala aphansi kakhulu.

ukubhema

Kuyinto yezimbangela eziyinhloko okubangela oxidative ukucindezeleka emaphashini nezinye izicubu eziningi emzimbeni. Intuthu ne resin ezizivelelayo ocebile. Abanye ziyakwazi ehlasela engqamuzaneni kanye ukwehlisa lokuhlushwa amavithamini E futhi C. Intuthu kuyacasula ukuba wamaphaphu macrophage, kanjalo esikhiqiza superoxide. Ngo amaphaphu ababhemayo kukhona neutrophil ezingaphezu kuka non-ababhemayo. ukuhlukunyezwa Ugwayi, abantu abathile zivame ukudla kahle futhi kudle utshwala. Ngakho, buthaka yabo ukuzivikela. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. Okungalapheki ukucindezeleka oxidative kuphakamisa ukuhlukumeza okunzima umzimba amaselula.

Izinguquko emzimbeni

Ngezinhloso zokuxilonga, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izimpawu zokucindezeleka oxidative. Lezi noma ezinye izinguquko emzimbeni ukhombise ethize indawo iziyaluyalu futhi izici, ukuba amenze. : Ekuhloleni kumiswa radicals khulula ekuthuthukisweni kwe-multiple sclerosis usebenzisa izinkomba ezinjalo ukucindezeleka oxidative:

1. Malondialdehyde. It uba umkhiqizo yesibili khulula namachibi olukhulu (CPO) lipids futhi umphumela olimazayo phezu isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi ulwelwesi. Lokhu-ke kuholela ekwandeni permeability yabo calcium ion. Ukwandisa lokuhlushwa malondialdehyde ngokuhamba ngokuyinhloko secondary-okuqhubekayo multiple sclerosis isinyathelo sokuqala kuqinisekisa ukucindezeleka oksislitelnogo - ukusebenza khulula namachibi olukhulu.
2. isizinda Schiff ingumkhiqizo ekupheleni SRO-amaprotheni lipids. Ukwandisa lokuhlushwa Schiff lezisekelo kuqinisekisa nokuthambekela kwezinhliziyo kusebenze njalo khulula namachibi olukhulu. Nge lokuhlushwa lelitfutfukile malondialdehyde ngaphezu umkhiqizo futhi ngokuyinhloko ngaleso yesibili sclerosis okuqhubekayo kungase ukuqala inqubo elimazayo. Ihlala ku kwehlukana nokubhujiswa alandelayo ulwelwesi. Amazinga aphakeme Schiff lezisekelo libonisa esigabeni sokuqala ukucindezeleka oxidative.
3. Vitamin E. Kuyinto antioxidant begazi baxhumana radicals khulula futhi lipid peroxides. imikhiqizo isikebhe sizinze kwakheka ukusabela. Vitamin E is oxidized. Kuthathwa i neutralizer ngempumelelo i-oksijini singlet. Ukwehlisa umsebenzi vitamin E egazini kubonisa Ukungadli non-enzymatic isixhumanisi AO3 uhlelo - e block yokucindezeleka oxidative yesibili.

imiphumela

? Iyini indima ukucindezeleka oxidative? Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuvezwa akuzona kuphela lipids ulwelwesi namaprotheni, kodwa ama-carbohydrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ziqala izinhlelo ama-hormone endocrine. enzyme Active thymus lymphocyte isakhiwo incipha, kwandisa ezingeni neurotransmitters, ama-hormone baqala ukudedelwa. Lapho ukucindezeleka iqala acid oxidizing nucleic, amaphrotheni, hydrocarbon, kwandisa okuqukethwe isiyonke lipids egazini. Enhanced ukukhululwa hormone adrenocorticotropic ngenxa olunzulu nokwahlukana ATP futhi ikamu nesenzakalo. Kugcine ngaleyo ndlela oyenza isebenze kinase amaprotheni. Yena, kunomthelela iqhaza ATP phosphorylation cholinesterase aguqulayo cholesterol esters in cholesterol khulula. Ukuthuthukisa wamaprotheni zamagama, RNA, DNA, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo glycogen ukugqugquzela edepho amafutha, okunamafutha izicubu kwamazinyo (ngaphezulu) acid kanye glucose futhi kubangela oxidative ukucindezeleka. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Aging ingenye emibi kakhulu inqubo. Futhi, kukhona isinyathelo elikhulayo hormone. Linikeza isiqondiso nesivinini bmr - ukukhula kwamangqamuzana kwezicubu, amaprotheni, lipid, ama-carbohydrate umzimba. indima ebalulekile i-glucagon futhi nge-insulini. Ngokusho kodokotela abathile, izenzo glucose njengoba isibonakaliso ukusebenza adenylate cyclase, futhi tsMAF - ukwenziwa nge-insulini. Konke lokhu kuholela ukwanda ukubola glycogen ezicutshini futhi isibindi, ihambe kancane biosynthesis carbohydrate kanye amaprotheni, okwehlisa glucose namachibi. Utfutfukisa engeyinhle nitrogen ibhalansi, kwandisa lokuhlushwa cholesterol kanye nezinye lipids egazini. Glikagon Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-glucose, kuvimbela noqhekeko yayo acidosis acid. Kulokhu, it iyenqa kuholela gluconeogenesis anda. Le nqubo synthesis imikhiqizo non-carbohydrate kanye glucose. Njengoba kuqala isenzo pyruvic acid acidosis acid, glycerol, kanye nanoma yikuphi compounds ezingasetshenziswa uyoshintshwa ne catabolism ka pyruvate kwabakwa- esinye sezici Lesisemkhatsini trikarbonovokislotnogo umjikelezo. I substrates main nazo amino acid kanye lactate. A indima ekuntjintjweni carbohydrate kungokwalabo glucose-6-phosphate. Le ngxube kakhulu siyehla fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen ukuphuka. Glucose 6-phosphate kusebenze enzyme glucose lwezokuthutha glycogen uridindifosfoglyukozy kwemiqondo. Egcekeni futhi uba substrate for kugucuka okwalandela glycolytic. Ndawonye nale kukhona zamagama elikhulayo enzyme gluconeogenic. Ikakhulukazi, kuba ejwayelekile phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Ithola Ijubane lale nqubo e nezinso isibindi. Isilinganiso gluconeogenesis futhi glycolysis usekhuluma ilungelo. I glucocorticoids ukwenza njenge inducers ka-enzyme zamagama.

emizimbeni ketone

Ikhonza njengabameleli uhlobo fuel bahlinzeka izinso, imisipha. Lapho oxidative ukucindezeleka lemali zemizimba ketone luyanda. Isebenza ngendlela esebenza ngayo somthetho ukuvimbela ukugqugquzela ngokweqile fatty acid esuka edepho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezicutshini abaningi iqala amandla ukushoda ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose ngenxa insulini ukuntula akakwazi ukungena iseli. Ngezinye lokuhlala eliphezulu acid okunamafutha plasma kwandisa ukumuncwa yabo futhi namachibi kwesibindi, kwandisa umfutho triglyceride zamagama. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwesibalo zemizimba ketone.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Isayensi uyazi futhi lesi simo ngokuthi "izitshalo ukucindezeleka oxidative." Kuthiwa umbuzo ngokucacile kwamasiko ukuzivumelanisa ezahlukahlukene uhlala impikiswano namuhla. Abanye abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ukusabela eziyinkimbinkimbi bemvelo jikelele. umsebenzi wayo akuxhomekile ubunjalo isici. Okunye ochwepheshe bangase baphikise ngokuthi ukuzinza izitshalo kunqunywa izimpendulo eziqondile. Okungukuthi, yokusabela isici ezanele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iningi lososayensi uyavuma ukuthi nokubhekelela non-ethize kanye ethize zenzeka. Kulokhu, esidlule akuyona njalo kungenzeka ukuthola ngokumelene isizinda ukusabela eziningi jikelele.