Yini izakhiwo ziye legiruemye steel?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinsimbi nge ukuhlanzeka okusezingeni eliphezulu (amaphesenti 99.99 noma ngaphezulu izidakamizwa okumsulwa) abe namandla ongaphakeme, okwakwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa. Ukuxolela kuthiwa aluminium nethusi, asetshenziswa Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. Steel, ngokuqondene ukusebenza kwabo, kumele ifa rigidity, ukugqoka ukumelana, ubulukhuni, futhi kwezinye izimo, kuyaqina kanye ductility, Nokho insimbi ifomu okumsulwa ukudala kubo ezingafanele.

Legiruemye steel zihluke abavamile khona izithasiselo eyayenziwe owethulwa enquma izakhiwo ezithile ingxubevange ngekusasa. Ngakho, ngo-abavamile carbon steel equkethwe ngezabelo ezihlukahlukene "okusanhlamvu" ferrite, cementite, futhi Perlite. Nge isingeniso izici alloying inombolo carbon ngokuvamile kwehliswa pearlite (yenyusa amandla steel).

Legiruemye steel ngokwethula izinto ezengeziwe ngokuvamile aba angahleliwe crystal eheleni: ezingase ukunikeza viscosity ezengeziwe (ngesikhathi okusanhlamvu Perlite futhi ferrite), ukwehla ukucindezeleka yangaphakathi, okungenzeka ukuncipha ngokuhlaziya ngesikhathi lukhuni noma ukwenyuka kwezinga-material futhi calcining al ukujula.

I izakhiwo insimbi engagqwali encike ngqo kwi izingxenye ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhi chromium futhi nickel londoloza izingxenye zensimbi kusuka ukugqwala, manganese kwandisa umthelela ukumelana, ukugqoka ukumelana kanye ubulukhuni iyakhula. Okunjalo into ezifana Silicon, kwenza izihloko ukumelana kangcono imithelela acid kanye ayibe kwandisa amandla ephezulu lokushisa.

Legiruemye steel amakhemikhali ukwakheka sehlukaniswe yezinga, medium- kanye ongaphakeme-ingxubevange (okuqukethwe izithasiselo ingaphezu 10%, 2.5 - 10% futhi esingaphansi kuka 2.5% ngokulandelana). Ezinyatheliswa bakamalalahlengezela steel srednelegirovannye (anezele zakha 5-6%) isakhiwo pearlite. Enye Alloys isakhi Ukwakheka (martensitic, Carbide, austenitic, ferritic) mancane ezivamile.

Ukuze izinto zalolu hlobo, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ezimbonini, has GOST lalo. Ingxubevange lezinsimbi ihlukaniswa ngezindinganiso uhulumeni № 4543 - 71, kusukela lapho umuntu angabona isibalo izingxenye ezengeziwe steel of brand lesitsite. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxubevange hromomargantsovonikelevy titanium kanye molybdenum 25HGNMT isampula yakhiwa kuze kufinyelele 0,29% carbon, kuze 0,37% Silicon, amaphesenti angu-0.8 manganese, kuze 0.6% kanye 1.10% we-chromium futhi nickel (ngokulandelana ), kuze molybdenum nengxenye kuya kwangu-0,09 titanium. Ngaphezu okunezinhlobonhlobo kanye lobuchwepheshe nezimfuneko GOST iqukethe idatha esigcwele ku zezindlela zokuhlola umkhiqizo, imithetho ukwamukelwa, ezokuthutha, emabhokisini kanye nabanye.

Legiruemye futhi baye zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana ngokwenjongo yabo: ukwakhiwa, amathuluzi (zazo bethwele amathuluzi anjenge sokuzivivinya, amafayela, ngamasaha, Milling bezihlahla, njll ukusika (Ingabe esetshenziswa isiqoqi sama-softwe, ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, wesitimela izimoto, uwoyela negesi, iziphethu, iziphethu, njll.) .) okubalulekile injongo steel kokuba ukumelana ngokumelene ukugqwala we electrochemical hlobo.