Russian yokusansimbi non-ayoni. Geography yokusansimbi ayoni

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko yokusansimbi non-ayoni kukhona isizinda nokucwengisiswa izinsimbi kanye repartition zabo, nokuqashwa kanye ukukhiqizwa Alloys. ERussia, emnothweni, imboni udlala indima ebalulekile kakhulu. Ngenani non-ayoni metal imali, ezweni lakithi ingenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni.

The main sub-imikhakha

Zonke izinsimbi non-ayoni zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: esindayo (phambili, ithusi, zinc, ithini, njll ...) Futhi ukukhanya (aluminium, magnesium, titanium). Ngakho, izinkampani embonini zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili amakhulu. Futhi, steel umkhakha umbala wezwe uhlukaniswe:

• zethusi;
• kuholele ne-zinc;
• ithini;
• ayibe-nickel;
• aluminium;
• tungsten kanye molybdenum;
• ezimayini zegolide;
• serebrodobyvayuschuyu;
• platinodobyvayuschuyu;
• titanium kanye magnesium.

Afakwe isakhiwo saleli umkhakha njengoba izinsimbi non-ayoni Russia, futhi le nkampani yezimayini idayimane.

Imigomo ezichaza geography

Ukubekwa of izinsimbi non-ayoni incike lenqwaba izici zemvelo kanye nezomnotho ezahlukene. Nokho, kungenzeka izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kubhekwa:

• Izinto zokusetshenziswa. Iningi lapho overlain ngu ezinemibala amabhizinisi ore engaphansi iqembu esindayo. Ukuphumelela ukuhlola Geological ayoni nezinsimbi non-ayoni Russia, njengakwezinye iinarha, kuyinto ngokulingana oqondile.
• Amandla. Lokhu isici kunethonya elikhulu ku indawo izimboni onguchwepheshe nokukhiqizwa nokuqhutshwa ibelula futhi izinsimbi ezisindayo.

umkhakha zethusi

yokusansimbi non-ayoni yaleli qembu ezweni lethu ngokuyinhloko elise Urals. Ikakhulukazi endaweni esabiwe Krivogorodsky, Krasnouralsk, Mednogorsky futhi Sredneuralsky izitshalo. Engaged ngethusi ezimayini Revda Sverdlovsk esifundeni, ku Orenburg esifundeni kanye Aija, futhi Baymak Sibay (Bashkortostan).

amabhizinisi ezinkulu ukuze isizinda kanye ukucutshungulwa zethusi khona eSiberia (Norilsk futhi Monchegorsk).

Nickel-ayibe umkhakha

Indawo wamabhizinisi yaleli qembu uku kwencika enamandla kakhulu ku izinto zokusetshenziswa. Russia imelelwa yokusansimbi non-ayoni yalesi sub-indastri kuyinto izitshalo ikakhulu Metallurgical izifunda ezifana:

• Peninsula Kola. Nawa misela futhi kuzocutshungulwa main sulphide zethusi-nickel imikhando.
• Sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Yenisei. Lesi sitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngoba ukucutshungulwa imikhando sulphide itholakala emzini Norilsk. Ikhishwa kule isitshalo-platinum, ayibe, nickel, ithusi nensimbi ezithile ezingavamile.
• Urals. Izinkampani esifundeni ngokukhethekile ikakhulukazi ukucutshungulwa imikhando oxidized. Basuke etholakala emadolobheni ezifana Orsk, Verkhny Ufaley, Dir.

Ukuhola-zinc umkhakha

Izinkampani kuleli qembu zitholakala ku:

• North Ossetia (Sadonskoe ensimini);
• EKemerovo esifundeni (Salair);
• Chita esifundeni (Nerchinsk idiphozi);
• esifundeni Primorsky (Dalnegorsk).

ithini yimboni yetimayini

Esuselwe izinsimbi non-ayoni Russia le sub-indastri kakhulukazi ezindaweni ukuthi kudle umkhiqizo osuphelile. Abanye amabhizinisi nazo elise emkhondweni kanzulu yezokuthutha impahla eluhlaza. It kubange geography enjalo umkhakha ukuze tin lenzelwa ngokuyinhloko ezifakwa encane. Futhi ngakho kulesi simo ukwakhiwa izitshalo ezinkulu nabo ngeke usebenze. Ngaphandle tin yimboni yetimayini impahla eluhlaza ngokwayo ngezinga eliphezulu transportability.

Ngokuyinhloko, izinsiza of izinsimbi non-ayoni basuke bagxila Ekude Eastern eSiberia. Amabhizinisi ngobukhulu kulamave ezibhekwa izitshalo Sunny, Sherlovogorskaya, Hrustalnensky, u-Ese-Hay.

aluminium umkhakha

Izici eziyinhloko lolu sub-indastri zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa amabhizinisi kuphela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa. Boksidy misela ikakhulukazi:

• Northwest (Boksitogorsk);
• Urals (Severogorsk, Krasnoustinsk, Kamensk-Uralsky).

ezifakwa elikhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana nepheline, ngokuyinhloko eNhlonhlweni Kola (Kirovsk) naseMpumalanga eSiberia (Goryachegorsk, Achinsk).

Iningi izikhungo zokukhiqiza metal ukukhanya izinto zokusetshenziswa kunalokho kakhulu ukususwa. Aluminium yokusansimbi Russia, ke amandla kakhulu olunzulu, emelelwe ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini etholakala eduze zamandla ezingabizi - amandla kagesi (e Volkhov, Kandalaksha, Volgograd, eBratsk, e-Krasnoyarsk, Shelekhov, njll ...).

Titanium ne-magnesium umkhakha

Isimiso esibaluleke kakhulu ukubeka amabhizinisi yaleli qembu futhi useduze ezishibhile imithombo yamandla. Uma izitshalo ngoba magnesium ukucutshungulwa angasahlelwa etholakala eduze ezifakwa of izinto zokusetshenziswa, le izakhiwo titanium cishe njalo eyakhelwe eduze amandla kagesi. Ikakhulu izikhungo nonferrous yokusansimbi Russia le sub-indastri tibheke esifundeni esise-Ural. Izitshalo ngoba ukucutshungulwa Alloys ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo isiqedile.

zegolide

Lona omunye amaqembu ezibaluleke kakhulu izinkampani izimboni ezifana yokusansimbi ayoni eRussia. On ezimayini zegolide , izwe lethu ithatha 5-6 indawo emhlabeni. Ngokusho efanayo kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela efakazelwe - yesibili. ERussia tsarist ensimbini eyigugu misela futhi kusetshenzwe ikakhulukazi eduze imali anesihlabathi. Okwamanje abaningi babo kakade isiphelile. Ngakho-ke, i-main focus njengamanje ekutfutfukiseni ezifakwa eyinhloko.

Igolide livela ikakhulu eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude futhi Urals. I share enkulu ukukhiqizwa yayo livela ezimayini:

• Udereysky. Lokhu okwami Itholakala Krasnodar esifundeni.
• Soloviev. Kuyinto emayini endala futhi elikhulu lase-Amur esifundeni onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa placer igolide.
• Nevyanovsky. Libuye libe okwami endala kakhulu, labavulekela ngo-1813.
• Grad. Ngalesi okwami kwatholakala wokuqala emlandweni idayimane Russian.
• Ksenevsky.
• Condor. Lena eyami empeleni esasisesisha ovulekile 60s. Misela lapha hhayi igolide kuphela, kodwa futhi-platinum.
• Dambuki. Lokhu akusilo elilodwa, kodwa eyami amabili: abadala nabasha.
• Altay. It yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50, kodwa igolide namanje ngokwanele.

Umholi igolide yimboni yetimayini iyona OJSC "Polyus Gold", ukuthuthukiswa okuholela Irkutsk, Magadan, lase-Amur izifunda kanye Krasnodar Territory.

nezedayimane

Isakhiwo saleli umkhakha njengoba izinsimbi non-ayoni Russia, kuhlanganisa kufaka ibhizinisi, onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa lokhu amaminerali ayigugu. The main yasekhaya izinqolobane zayo kuleli zwe zitholakala e Yakutia. Amabhizinisi elikhulu esifundeni ziyimpumelelo futhi weJubili, okuyinto eyabangela 75% wabo bonke amadayimane misela eRussia. Amanga kimberlite amapayipi e:

• Arkhangelsk esifundeni;
• Esifundeni sase-Irkutsk;
• Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Izindawo ezingaba diamondiferous kukhona Leningrad esifundeni kanye Karelia.

Ukuyedlula kukhona yokusansimbi non-ayoni Russia kuleli qembu, okuholela ukuthuthukiswa idayimane eyinhloko imali. On izimayini anesihlabathi wenziwa amabhizinisi ikakhulukazi ezincane.

Serebrodobyvayuschaya umkhakha

Geography yokusansimbi nonferrous le sub-indastri kakhulu, ebanzi kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa imali esiliva abazenzi ezweni lethu ezifundeni engaphezu kwengu-20. Isizinda ensimbini eyigugu, izwe lethu lifaka lokuqala emhlabeni. Dukat insimu levumelana Magadan Region.

platinum

Iningi le metal limbiwa Russia esifundeni esise-Ural. Baningi platinum iBaikal esifundeni, Taimyr futhi Peninsula Kola. Ukuthembisa kule nenhlonipho ka Karelia kanye Voronezh esifundeni.

Naphezu kwezimo kunalokho ezinzima zomnotho, ayoni futhi nonferrous yokusansimbi Russia - asathuthuka futhi umkhakha ethembisa. Kunoma ikuphi, amabhizinisi yaleli qembu esikhathini esiningi ukuhlala inzuzo. A lot of ukunakwa unikezwa izinkampani steel futhi isimo ukuze.