Umlando Kola Peninsula. Umfula nomuzi Peninsula Kola

Lokhu nhlonhlo esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Russian Federation, kuba ingxenye Murmansk esifundeni. Kusukela enyakatho it is wageza ngasoLwandle uBarents, futhi empumalanga eningizimu - White. Umda wenu wasentshonalanga, inhlonhlo ye - indishi meridional osuka le Kola Bay ngomfula Kola ukuze Kandalaksha Bay.

endaweni yayo - ayizinkulungwane 100 amakhilomitha square, osogwini olusenyakatho emaweni futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi eningizimu - flat futhi ephansi, flat. Entshonalanga enhlonhlweni zitholakala massifs - Khibiny futhi Lovozero Massif. Maphakathi nalo ifinyelela ugema Keivy.

isikhundla ezindawo

Peninsula Kola ihlanganisa amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa Murmansk esifundeni. Itholakala kude lé enyakatho yeRussia. Cishe yonke insimu yalo luphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle.

izimo zezulu

Peninsula Kola inesimo sezulu ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. I efudumele North Antlanticheskoe ngesikhathi siya sifudumala ke ntshonalanga. Lapha isimo sezulu imnene zasolwandle Arctic. Ngasempumalanga, enkabeni naseningizimu-ntshonalanga endaweni yokukhula yezwekazi - lapha isimo sezulu ngokulinganisela abandayo. Isilinganiso Januwari lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka -10 ° C-ntshonalanga kuya 18 ° C maphakathi. Ngo-July, emoyeni ukufuthelana kusuka +8 ° C kuya +10 ° C.

Ngokuphelele ikhava iqhwa ngezinsuku zokuqala ka-October no uya kuze kube sekupheleni May (ezintabeni, le nqubo imisiwe kuze kube maphakathi no-June). yesithwathwa njalo futhi kweqhwa ngisho ehlobo. Ogwini ngokuvamile imimoya enamandla (kufika ku 55 m / s), ebusika elibala isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa - Kuyaziwa.

Impumuzo nemvelo

Kola Peninsula - ithala nezigodi, Amathafa nezintaba ezingaphansi kolwandle. Afanayo nhlonhlo kuyanda ngaphezu kolwandle by amamitha angaphezu kuka ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili. Swamps namachibi eminingi kukhona emathafeni.

Ponds ocebile nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi - ne-salmon esethinini paliey, trout futhi whitefish, Pike futhi Grayling. Le ndawo wokuwasha kwezilwandle luningi plaice evamile ne-cod, capelin futhi Greenland i-halibut, crab herring.

Umlando yale nhlonhlo

Ochwepheshe wayo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezine eziyinhloko. Okokuqala kwaqala ngaphambi kokufika Russian Kola Peninsula. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona abantu bomdabu - Sami. Bona abebezingela izinyamazane, berry ukukha, ukudoba. Sami wahlala maqhugwane ne ezinophahla oluyisicaba - Tupaj noma ematendeni eyenziwe reindeer isikhumba - kuvaksah.

Eyesibili isikhathi zomlando iqala ekhulwini leshumi nanye, leholele lamalokishi lokuqala Pomeranian. izakhamuzi zakhona babehilelekile okufanayo, nokuthi Sami, kodwa ngokungafani kubo, akuvamile ukuphuma ukuzingela.

Babehlala maqhugwane abavamile isiRashiya, kodwa nge amawindi iwumngcingo. Kwakumelwe ezidingekayo ukuze nilondoloze ukushisa esiphezulu. Kulezi amafasitela ewumngcingo setha nezixhobo esiqinile ice. Lapho lincibilike, it yakha nokuxhumana okukhulu esihlahleni.

Esesithathu isikhathi zomlando yeNhlonhlo Kola angabhekwa impi yokulwa abahlaseli. abantu bomdabu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuvimbe baseNorway. Sinenkosi isikhathi eside amangalelwe ezweni Sami. Babefanele alwe nawo ukuze avikele indawo yawo. Ukuze baseNorway abathi enhlonhlweni baba British. Esikhathini XVII XVIII eminyaka, bashisa Cola - inqaba, kwakhiwa esizalweni somfula efanayo.

Esigabeni sesine umlando enhlonhlweni ngokuphelele ngenxa ukubukeka emzini Murmansk. Abafuna kuqala uvele kulezi zindawo ngo-1912. Namuhla echwebeni ngobukhulu e-Arctic.

Amadolobha Kola Peninsula

Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala ogwini-abahlali basemjondolo, eyabonakala on ensimini ka kwedolobha samanje Cola, uvele 1264. It is okukhulunywa ngaye emibhalweni kaSimoni van Saling - umthengisi othile waseNetherlands ekhulwini XVI.

Ngalesi sikhathi ogwini-okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile waqala ngenkuthalo ukudayisa ne baseNorway, abaseSweden, i-British, le Danes, owafika imikhumbi eNhlonhlweni Kola. City Cola laba isizinda sokuqondisa. labantu bayo ukwenza ukudoba, zizalela izinkukhu nezinkomo.

Ngo 1814, isonto itshe lokuqala enhlonhlweni lakhiwa lapha. Izakhamizi abadumile elinesibindi kuveza ukuhlaselwa abaseSweden kanye nayo iBritish.

Murmansk

Kuyinto idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke esisogwini Arctic Kola Peninsula. It yasungulwa ngo-October 1916. Ekuqaleni, wabizwa ngokuthi Romanov-on-Murman. Lona igama lalowo muzi ngo-Ephreli 1917. Itholakala kwi ngasogwini Kola Bay, amakhilomitha 50 kusukela oLwandle uBarents. It is elizungezwe amagquma eziningi.

endaweni yayo - 15055 amahektha (kuhlanganise namanzi endaweni Kola Bay - 1357 hectares). Idolobhana ihlukaniswe ngezigodi ezintathu zokuphatha - Oktyabrsky, Leninsky futhi Pervomaisky.

Murmansk ngeke kukhonjwe komunye wemizi emikhulu yezwe lethu, kodwa idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elise-Arctic Circle.

Ngo-May 1985, wathola isihloko eliphezulu "Hero City", futhi ngo-February 1971 ukhishwa Order of Red Banner Wezabasebenzi.

Apatity

Kola Peninsula, ogama izithombe zivame ukubonakala emakhasini abanyathelisi ezincwadi zabahamba endaweni yayo akanayo emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu. Omunye wabo - Apatity, nge ensimini engaphansi komthetho, okuhlanganisa esiteshini futhi emzaneni Hibiny Tik-Guba.

Lo muzi ubizwa kahle phakathi Lake Imandra futhi Khibiny ezintabeni, loMfula White River. Population - abantu 57905.

Ngo-1916 on the indawo yomuzi samanje sekukhona sesitimela eThembalihle, ngokuqondene ukwakhiwa komgwaqo. Ngo-1930 epulazini "Imboni" lahlelwa lapha.

Bookmark edolobheni senzeka ngo-1951, kanye nokwakhiwa Akademgorodok lwaqala eminyakeni emithathu kamuva. Ngo ngecala elihlobene nokubulawa komsebenzi kukaStalin sajanyiswa kuze 1956. Khona-ke, emzini Kirov TPP waqala ukwakhiwa. Ngo-1956 ayethunywe endlini yokuqala.

Ngo-1966, idolobha sashintshwa. Amalungu ayo wangena intsha yakuleli dolobhana.

Winter eNhlonhlweni Kola

Lena inkathi ende kunazo kulezi zingxenye. Winter ihlala kuze kube izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngo-October, kukhona iqhwa, futhi ngo-May, emachibini nasemifuleni namanje icebound. Futhi ebusika Peninsula Kola (isithombe ubona i-athikili yethu) - kuyinto, izwe lwasemaphusheni esiyingqayizivele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinga lokushisa Ungabeka ngezansi 40 degrees, amakhaza akazange ngozankosi futhi cishe ngeke wazizwa, ngenxa ezingeni eliphansi nomswakama.

polar ebusuku

Ngenxa yokuthi yonke iNhlonhlo Kola esenyakatho ye-Arctic Circle, esikhathini kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-November kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-January lapha ebusa ebusuku polar.

Black esibhakabhakeni igcwele izinkanyezi bright, izibani zasedolobheni, ukukhanya kagesi. Emini, isibhakabhaka kancane lula, ibonakale onsomi, amnyama shades blue ngisho pink. Ngakho kukhona amahora amabili esifushane kuhlwa. Khona isibhakabhaka mnyama futhi.

izibani enyakatho

Bayingcosana abakhileyo ingxenye European yezwe ukuthi ube nethuba ukubona lo mbukwane amangalisayo ihlobisa Peninsula Kola ebusika. kungazelelwe Black esibhakabhakeni siqhakaza nezilimi zomlilo shades - kusukela nezibubende oluluhlaza. Kufana laser show kusukela akunakwenzeka ukuba abheke kwenye indawo. It kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-April. Kuze kube manje, Borealis aurora kubhekwa into engaqondakali, ukujwayela okungathi ngisho izakhamuzi Arctic.

Peninsula emfuleni

Amadamu kuleli zwe ikakhulu ukondla amanzi ncibilikisa (kufika ku-60% ukugeleza). Kola Peninsula imifula egcwele amanzi 2 izinyanga zonyaka (May-June), base kakhulu zikhule engajulile. Izinga amanzi kuzo incike izimvula zasehlobo.

Ubude ezingaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane. Km. Bangabakhe somfula ezilwandle ezimbili enyakatho - the uBarents nobumhlophe. Ezinye zazo yilezi eside kuka-200 km - Varzuga Ponoy, Tuloma. Akulesi 70% wezindleko umcengezi indawo Murmansk esifundeni. Cishe yonke imifula ibe meridional ukugeleza isiqondiso, ndima latitudinal kuyahluka emfuleni kuphela Ponoy.

Abaningi komfula (Niva, Crow, Umba, njll) Ingabe ethathwe emachibini ezinkulu. Amanzi ngokuvamile umbala ogqamile oluhlaza futhi esobala. Phakathi uzamcolo emfuleni athwale esiningi daka, isihlabathi, amaqabunga afile. Peninsula Kola abe eside nqabela-up - izinyanga 7, isembozo iqhwa ihlala izinsuku 210 ngonyaka. Imifula ngoMeyi.

Emgodini

Phezu kwemifula Tuloma, Niva, Kovda, iqhude izitshalo Hydropower kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi. Ngokungafani emifuleni ethafeni eningizimu, enyakatho ngenxa lwaluyophola amanzi e Rapids emakhazeni inkathi phansi kwakhiwa ice.

Imifula yeNhlonhlo Kola zihlukaniswe amaqembu amane:

• poluravninnye (Varzuga Ponoy, Strel'na);
• Usuthisa komfula (Varzina, Niva, Kolvica);
• echibini uhlobo (Umba, Drozdovka, Rynda);
• entabeni uhlobo (Kuhn engajulile mbala omhlophe).

ukudoba

Peninsula Kola namuhla omunye ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo kakhulu for Ongoti kweqiniso yokudoba i-trout ne-salmon. Kuyaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengoba indawo engcono ukubamba "inhlanzi zasebukhosini." Evamile River Peninsula abadobi zihlukaniswe labo ukuwela abandayo uBarents Sea ukuthi, futhi labo dlulisa amanzi abo ukuze White.

Ukudoba eNhlonhlweni Kola uyintokozo hhayi kuphela Wabasaqalayo, kodwa futhi abathandi yalo msebenzi abanolwazi. Ngo-July, inhlonhlo ye emfuleni iza inqwaba salmon hhayi elikhulu kakhulu - "Tindi" futhi ngo-August nezinkomo iqukethe salmon naphakathi.

Leli zwe nokhahlo zashiya izibazi naphezu kwabakhileyo amadamu. Eziningi zalezi imifula Grayling lapha esikhundleni sakhe iza Char zasezindaweni ezibandayo whitefish.

Trout lapha ikhula eyisidlakela ezinhlanu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi osayizi semikilogrammovyh futhi trout esingaphansi 2 amakhilogramu.

Umfula edume kunazo zonke, entailing abadobi abavela ezweni lonke futhi abavela kwamanye amazwe kuya Peninsula Kola (Russia), ephathelene osogwini olusenyakatho, kuyinto Jokanga, Cola, Rynda, Kharlovka, Varzina, East Face. It is ihlelwe ukudoba phambili Kola Peninsula nesihluku.

emfuleni Kharlovka

Lomfula emangalisayo Kuyaziwa emakhosini abanolwazi ukudoba salmon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha kaningi ukuza abahambi abakwazisayo ubunjalo enyakatho okungavamile. Basuke bakhangwa waterfall elihle. uquqaba olukhulu lwamanzi kungaholela esingakhulumekiyo injabulo umuntu okungenani kanye ukubona lo mbukwane emangalisayo.

Kharlovka eyaziwa ikakhulukazi salmon esikhulu okungenani trout enkulu ensundu. Nokho, ukuba adabule notshwala impophoma kungaba ukudoba kuphela ezingeni amanzi efanele emfuleni. Ngezinye izikhathi abadobi catch aphonse futhi ubukele salmon uzama ukunqoba lesi sithiyo. Emhlophe izinhlanzi amanzi Foam jumping ephuma emanzini. Engxenyeni engenhla kukhona yemvelo waterfall ipuleti ezingasetshenziswa uthwebule inqubo ku ifilimu. Sekuyisikhathi eside Izakhamuzi yeNhlonhlo Kola kwaba akumangalisi amavidyo eziyingqayizivele inhlanzi ezinkulu njengale izimpukane ku lens ikhamera.

Ngo Kharlovka ukudoba kakhulu, kungani nje ukuza lapha rybolovy- "babeyizidlova", kodwa futhi ukuhlela eliphezulu izinkambo waqondisa.

insimbi

Lomfula edonsela iqoqo ukudoba okukhulu nobuhle bemvelo. Three impophoma ezinkulu multistage, omningi ulwandle trout ne-salmon esethinini benza le ndawo ekhangayo.

Ukudoba eNhlonhlweni Kola emfuleni insimbi has a lot of abalandeli. Ezinye zazo beze kulezi zindawo ngokudoba uhambo iminyaka 17-18.

Terek Ibhishi

River, okuyinto ibhange eningizimu Terek athandwa kakhulu anhlobonhlobo Anglers emhlabeni wonke.

Lokhu omangalisayo emfuleni Umba, futhi ohamba uba nezimpophoma ezincane Razdolnaya Varzuga nemingenela, Kica futhi Pan uhlalwe nezinkomo eziningi salmon, futhi Terek emfuleni aziwa Strelna Chapoma, Chavanga, Pyalitsa.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le-Terek emfuleni ogwini abe nohlu olubanzi kakhulu lokuphila izinhlanzi. Badlulele zidala Shoals salmon, ama-salmon, ulwandle trout.

Kulezi emifuleni njalo siphile isifula trout, trout ensundu, Grayling, whitefish.

Of carp zinhlobo roach, ide. A izilwane ezidla ezinye ethulwa perch, Pike, burbot.