Belarus Amadolobha: izikhangibavakashi Orchies

Ezinye izivakashi ukuvakashela izingosi zomlando ningene amabanga obabazekayo, siqala ekhaya inhlabathi, kukhona ezikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele ukubheka esidlule, ningathinti umlando wabantu bakhe. Lezi izinto ezithakazelisayo kungaba ukuziqhayisa cishe yonke imizi Belarus. Phakathi kwazo lowo obizwa ngokuthi Orsha, ukuvakashelwa okuyinto ngokuqinisekile ushiye ukuvela okuningi ngomdlandla.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana nomlando

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, kuyinto umlando Belarus. Orsha, etholakala ingxenye yalo engasempumalanga, kuyinto engu efanayo Minsk. Isikhathi sokuqala kuyakhulunywa "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" abadumile. Sikhuluma ngonyaka 1067, uma ethembela Vseslav Polotsk esikebheni sawela umfula futhi Orsha ukuhlangabezana izikhulu Yaroslaviches. Labo isivakashi wabanjwa futhi bevalelwa ejele. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ke kwakungewona umuzi kodwa emzaneni, ningabizi Orsha futhi Rsha (Rust). "O" ingezwe kamuva. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, eziningi ezinhle nezimbi babone izwe. Babewumphakathi ubukhulu of Polotsk, eLithuania, e Russian, kuze emva kwempi Okthoba akazange yingxenye Belarusian Soviet Republic. Inguquko kusuka kumnikazi eyodwa kuya kwenye ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana ngezihluthu. Abukho ubufakazi obungokomlando mayelana ukubhuqwa olunegazi, ngokuthi "Battle of Orsha", Russia nase-Lithuania senzeke impi (1514). UNapoleon, kakhulu, aphihliza bese ishiswa Orsha. By endleleni, le Usigaxamabhande ngemva kwayo kwaba khona uMarie-Anri Beyl, zijwayele kithi njengoba Stendhal okukhulu. Igagasi zokugcina lokubhubhisa horror adlula phezu komuzi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kuba nosizi olukhulu alethwe amaNazi, kodwa Orsha futhi wavuka umlotha, futhi manje ngemfudumalo wamukela wonke izivakashi zayo.

Indawo kanye onguthelawayeka ukuxhumana

Kukhona ezindaweni eziningana ne igama Orsha. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia kukhona amadolobhana amathathu kule Pskov futhi Tver izifunda elinegama elifanayo, edolobheni Orsha (Belarus) ikhona mayelana 200 km kusuka Minsk empumalanga, futhi 80 km kusuka Vitebsk ohlangothini eningizimu. Umuzi ukusakaza Orshitsa emlonyeni, phezu lomfula kanye Dnieper. UMkhandludolobha wakhe njalo walala phezu imizila ebalulekile kwezohwebo eyayihlanganisa eRussia kuya ePoland nase-Ukraine. Manje ubizwa ngokuthi "Eastern Gate" waseBelarus. ukudlula Orsha ngokusebenzisa emibili emikhulu ngamazwe (M1 futhi M8). M1, edume ngokuthi i-Olympic, ikhokhelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa Orsha iya umzila Krichev Belarus, Mogilev, Vitebsk, Lepel, Dubrovno futhi Shklov.

izitimela

Shayela ukuya Orsha kungenzeka futhi ngesitimela. Emuva ngo-1871 baqala ukubeka w legatsha lokuqala / e ixhunywe Smolensk futhi Brest. Lo mcimbi waba unyaka wenguquko emlandweni edolobheni. Nakuba Orsha ubelokhu matasa isikhundla ebalulekile njengoba ezohwebo kanye sezomnotho, "ucezu yensimbi 'ngaleyo ndlela wakhonza khona njengenceku isici ezaholela ukukhula fantastically okusheshayo futhi nokuthuthukisa umuzi. Yingakho Orsha ezikhangayo zihlanganisa uhlu ubudala umusi esitimela ukuma endaweni udumo ngesikhathi Central Station. Futhi isakhiwo ngokwaso, esakhiwe ngo-1912, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo. Phambi kwakhe, kwaba khona omunye, zokhuni sesitimela eThembalihle, kodwa akazange ikhona kuze kube namuhla. Orsha iyona enkulu kunazo zonke w / isikhungo lapho izitimela ngamazwe wayeka ivela eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Vilnius, eLvov, Kiev, Chisinau. Kukhona lwabagibeli, Orsha nokuxhumana nomuntu emadolobheni amaningi waseBelarus.

Kakhulu isakhiwo sasendulo

Ukuhamba emigwaqweni Orsha, izivakashi ngokuchichima bamangale zezakhiwo ngezibonakaliso "Inani zomlando namasiko." It kuvela khona cishe njalo indlu mlando. Nokho, kukhona omunye endaweni ohlonishwayo kakhulu, okhombisa cishe njalo ihehe izivakashi kwedolobha Orsha. Le Site ka castle lasendulo (noma iNdunduma). eminyaka eminingi edlule lapha wema Orsha Castle, ngawo kanye waqala impilo yakhe emzini. emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka edlule, wayeyindoda esesabekayo handsome nge imibhoshongo ezinhlanu, kwadingeka ku isibhamu izingalo, arquebuses, gakovnitsy. Ngeshwa, ngokuyeka kuphela isithombe amabalazwe akudala yebo asayine isango eliphezulu. Kodwa lena yindawo engcwele bendawo. Bathi kukhona ngisho imbokodo ekhethekile elaphe yimuphi isifo. Bathi ukuthi kusekuningi kwahluthulelwa has amavesi imfihlo, asinikeze the "White Kovel" - omunye castle agugile edolobhaneni eliseduze Smolyan.

zezindela

Izigodlo, ukusebenza noma cha, ngaso sonke isikhathi amehlo. Singasho sithi kuba izimpawu zendawo ka Orsha eminingi yasendulo. Emadolobheni amaningana abo. Kucein besilisa oNgcwele Epiphany, eyakhelwe emfuleni Kuteinke ngo-1620, wabhekana noku- usadlondlobele futhi lokulibala ephelele. Uma kwaba sokunyathelisa wavulwa lapha wakhulula Belarusian lokuqala "Primer". Manje Isigodlo kanye nesonto Holy Trinity naye futhi ibuyiselwe. Isinde Basilian Isigodlo, kusukela lapho kukhona izindlu agugile eyodwa kuphela. Kusukela Isigodlo zintathu futhi ugcine kancane, kodwa izindonga zayo manje edolobheni ebhukwini ihhovisi, wazila Umfanekiso emangalisayo, ukuze uyokuma isikhathi eside. Kodwa Assumption Monastery, ngasinda ekuchithweni, futhi kwamalangabi, kabusha futhi isebenza futhi. Dominican sezindela futhi ibuyiselwe futhi kwalungiswa. Namuhla iBandla St. Iosifa Obruchnika.

I Collegium abadumile

Ukukhuluma ezikhangayo Orsha, akunakwenzeka ukuziba ongumJesuit College. Yaqalwa ngo-1612, kube eziqhutshwa kuze 1820. Collegium isakhiwo muhle. Akufani nje abuyiselwe ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi kulekelelwa inkulumo yakho ikhange futhi iwashi umbhoshongo. Manje lapha igalari, umtapo wezincwadi ukuze izingane yeKomidi eliPhezulu. Ngo XVII-XVIII eminyaka kuyinto esikoleni izingane elite ezisemadolobheni, Orsha yaseshashalazini, wasebenza beSonto lalibhekwa ihlelwe. Isigodlo yayikhona Bursa, umtapo wezincwadi ezinhle, isikole boarding kubafundi abavela ezindaweni akude. Namuhla, eduze Collegium hlangothi, yonke imicimbi idolobha, imikhosi, umculo nokuzijabulisa imibukiso.

ezikhangayo yesimanje

Nezikhumbuzo kanye izikhumbuzo anikezelwe umzabalazo nobuqhawe izakhamuzi namaNazi, futhi bakha Orsha ezikhangayo. Belarus ukuze ewubheka inkumbulo abavikeli babo futhi Bakhululi, ngoba kulelizwe amaNazi wabhubhisa ezintathu kwezine sabantu. Okunabileko nje isizukulwane esisha kanye nezivakashi iyona eziyinkimbinkimbi ayisikhumbuzo "Ukuze Motherland yethu namaSoviet" (igama lesibili ka "Katyusha"). It ngovivinyiwe Orsha iyisikhali oholele amaJalimane okukhulu. Ngo-1941, endaweni amagobolondo kancane zokuhlola baxoshwe ngesikhathi imizuzwana 8 ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele izitimela nge ubuchwepheshe baseJalimane. Kungenxa Orsha, hhayi abeke izimbali iNdunduma ka Sokungafi, lapho kukhona idlanzana umhlaba kusukela Brest inqaba.

Futhi izingane akungabazeki ujabulele uhambo enqamula epaki elihle "Dreamland", lapho ungabona Gulliver, Crocodile Gena, zicula lokuzalwa inkositini, i-genie neminye ozithandayo inganekwane nezinhlamvu. Ngo kwepaki kukhona ngisho ujantshi encane, isitimela Rolls izingane onamileyo ngu esicwila izimbali kanye zasemazweni ezizungezile.

iminyuziyamu

Indaba mayelana izinto Orsha kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye kukhulunywa iminyuziyamu elisedolobheni nesifunda.

ethandwa Njalo izivakashi Ethnography Museum "Mlyn", etholakala esakhiweni esidala esigayweni. Isebenza kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngeSonto, kusukela 10 ekuseni kuya ku-6 ntambama.

muva kakhulu wavula futhi ngokushesha waba Museum oluthandayo ukubaza lokhuni. Zonke ziphephile yayo Umqophi abanamakhono Semenom Shavrovym. I ukubaza bheka enengqondo ukuze kubonakale uyaphila. Ngesikhathi Museum kukhona workshop lapho abalandeli amakhosi abanamakhono ziyofundela ubuciko lekubazeni zonke comers.

Budebuduze edolobheni, edolobhaneni Lev, eziyinkimbinkimbi egijima alondoloze Yanka Kupala. It livulekele izivakashi nsuku zonke ngaphandle ngoMsombuluko.

Futhi endaweni eyodwa kumele uvakashela - Museum of Zaslonova engabandlululi, nowake waba yinhloko ibutho yabashokobezi e Orsha wesifunda.