Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: Biography emfushane. I edume Soviet fighter umshayeli

Juni lwesishiyagalombili kude futhi ephazamisayo namashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye, eqhugwaneni e Obrazheevke - Hlukhiv ngomuzana esifundeni esifundazweni Chernigov - yamemezela ukukhala usana. Umfana okuthiwa Vanya (Ivan). Kusasele amashumi eminyaka, futhi isimo ngokuthi i-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ngeke uthole umuntu akazi kuphi futhi nini wazalwa umshayeli Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Umlando Omfushane abahlanganyeli seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe iqukethe amaqiniso futhi mangaza ubani nesithakazelo amacebo air izimpi olunegazi amazwe ukungqubuzana ukuthi kuphela okwenzeka ekhulwini XX.

Esibhakabhakeni, ekhaya

Ngesikhathi phambi, Ivan Kozhedub kwakungelona kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, futhi ngo-March 1943. Nokho, umshayeli wakwazi ababonisa isibindi esinjalo, isibindi, ubuhle zempi eliye laba kathathu Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngisho e sokuthula, izwe esikalini, uquketheni lowo isikhundla umshayeli "Air Marshal" (1985).

Kozhedub IN Walwa nesitha njengengxenye amabutho azihlanganisa. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu WWII umshayeli bagijimela ukwenza combat ohambweni izikhathi 366, wanqoba 120 emoyeni izimpi, iqedwe 62 izindiza amaNazi.

Ac hit okuhloswe ngobuciko usebenzisa kancane amaphutha isitha. Fall ncamashi kwaba phakathi umgomo kunoma yisiphi isimo esingaba indiza. umshini Kozhedub kulokhu kwaba invulnerable: ngisho ukulimala, kwaba njalo "lundiza". Ukulwa abangane bathi ngaye: "Esibhakabhakeni, ekhaya."

izinsuku ezimbili lokuzalwa

uhlamvu okungenakudanjiswa Ivana Kozheduba, ikhono lakhe ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kunoma isiphi isimo babekwa ingane isencane. Emkhayeni, yokulima izwe, wakhula izingane ezinhlanu. Ubaba (wangaphambili mqaphi) ondlile abantwana ngokuqinile, iqondiswa isakramente ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka.

Kakade Vanya engu-5 ubudala ngahamba ebusuku ukuba aqaphe engadini. Inhloko umndeni wayesazi isivikelo esinjalo azisizi ngalutho, kodwa wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlola okunjalo baqinise uhlamvu, funda benqoba ubunzima. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfana wasiza ukuqapha abelusi umhlambi omdala (kwaba underherdsman). Umsebenzi wayengesabi, wacabanga: umgwaqo ngokuhamba.

Ngo-1934, umfana oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala uye iphothule esikoleni yasemakhaya. kweminyaka emibili yolwazi ezifundwa rabfak (abasebenzi ubuhlakani ukulungiselela abasebenzi futhi abantu abavamile ukuba bafunde esikoleni esiphakeme). Ngo-1936 lidlule uvivinyo yokungena e College of Chemical Technology (Shostka).

Neziphawulekayo: ukuthola ekolishi, osemusha yobudala anda eminyakeni emibili. Kunobufakazi bokuthi Kozhedub IN akazalwanga Juni 8, 1920, futhi ngo-July 6, 1922 Ngo-1939, umshayeli esizayo waqala izifundo zakhe e Shostka flying club. Yingcweti biplane esisetshenziselwa U-2.

frontline esibhakabhakeni

ukuqeqeshwa Gcwalisa e Kozhedub College babengenalo ithuba - ekuqaleni 1940, ikusasa chemical unjiniyela kwaba iRed Army (Workers wezempi 'futhi Abalimi' iRed Army). Ukudalelwa wathumela kuye endleleni ezahlukene: ekuweni ngonyaka wamashumi amane, Ivan Nikitivich wathola "uqweqwe" (diploma) Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School (Mashi 1941 School of pilot). Njengoba umfundi engcono lasala esikoleni njengoba umshayeli ofundisa, efundisa Wabasaqalayo.

Kodwa ngaphambili, futhi, ayedinga enjalo fighters ezibalulekile ezifana Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Biography emfushane uthi ngo-1943 wayiswa ku-302 th Fighter Division, kuya Voronezh Front. Waqala kanjalo-ke umsebenzi wakhe isithombe lempi izizukulwane eziningi zezakhamuzi zase-USSR futhi WaseRussia.

Kule mpi lokuqala indiza yakhe La-5 bekulimele - kusukela German "Messer", kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo - kusukela Soviet anti-aircraft Gunners, okuholela ukulwa. Nokho Kozhedub wakwazi nomhlaba izindiza lilimele. Kwakubonakala sengathi indiza umsebenzi wakhe usuphelile, ima iqala. Kodwa induna ibutho asekelwe freshman, wayinika nethuba bazibonakalise bengamaKristu zempi okwalandela nesitha.

Julayi, 1943

Le ndiza wokuqala amaNazi wadubula phansi Kozhedub baba U-87 ( "Junkers"). Real wathatha lesithupha ngoJulayi 1943 ngesikhathi izimpi abanolaka at eKursk. Ngo-July 7 ngenxa Ivan sasitholakala omunye "Junkers" futhi izinsuku ezimbili kamuva - 2 BF-109 fighter (Messerschmitt Bf.109, noma Me-109).

Izazi-mlando sezempi sikude futhi wachaza ngokuningiliziwe ezine eziyisisekelo isinyathelo nobuqhawe elenza Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Umlando Omfushane kuye kulezi zenzakalo kanje. Itayitela lokuqala nobuqhawe sangomhla wamashumi amathathu-September 1943 Lolu suku ekwindla, turning izindiza phakathi nokugcinwa amabutho aseSoviet ukweqa Dnieper, Ivan wasala olungavikelekile ngokuphelele (ngaphandle esehlanganise bebodwa), kodwa hhayi wethukile.

Lapho iqaphela "Junkers", yacwila phezu izindiza esisetshenziselwa we Luftwaffe, bagqekeza lo iyunithi isitha. Onyakaziswa isibindi umpetha Soviet, amaNazi wayeka ngamabhomu, waqhubeka azivikele. I am ekubaleni ukuthi Ivan Kozhedub, a feat eye wenza umlando. Ukusebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi omunye Ju-87 sasuka iqembu ukulichitha abaphikisi eyonakalisayo ngokuphelele.

October 1943

Okthoba Okwesithathu 1943 ayisishiyagalolunye owodwa injini fighter La-5 (kuhlanganise izindiza Kozhedub) embozwe isikhala of operation lempi loMfula Dnieper. Abashayeli wabona amafu ikholomu "laptozhnikov" (isidlaliso inikezwe Russian "Junkers-87").

Njalo 9 isitha ekuhlaseleni eziyisithupha fighters "Me-109." Kwakubonakala sengathi bagcwalisa wonke esibhakabhakeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabutho babe engalingani, Ivan Nikitivich ngesibindi wahola ezinhlanu La-5. Isitha akazange alindele imali miserly of izindiza Soviet uzokwazi sina bhekana armada yabo emaweni, kodwa miscalculated.

ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ukuhlaselwa kwaqala, phansi zigoqiwe ezimbili nje "Junkers". Okunye izindiza wokuqala ayisishiyagalolunye ngokushesha wanikeza "reverse". kamuva kwesikhashana zinhlanga futhi 2nd ayisishiyagalolunye Ju-87. pilot Soviet wanqoba hhayi amandla, kanye nekhono isibindi olungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuzibeka emuva.

Extreme "ukuba ubalekele" imoto ubambeke futhi yaba lutho Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Umlando Omfushane akhe alotshwe alibeke "iphuzu amanoni" ekulweni amaNazi ekuhlaseleni yehle.

Februwari, 1945

Inyanga yesibili ebusika ngo-1945 kwaphawulwa izimpi ku-Oder. Indlela ukuhlukanisa ekusebenzeni Vistula-Oder Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? Umlando Omfushane hero futhi iqukethe ukwaziswa okunjalo. Esikhathini isibhakabhaka phezu Oder umshayeli ngomunye wabokuqala emlandweni emhlabeni Wehlisé jet entsha "ME-262". Phambi kwakhe ukunqoba imoto Luftwaffe design entsha kuvesane kube umuntu.

Kwenzeka kanje. Februwari nesishiyagalolunye Kozhedub nomngane wakhe Dmitry Titorenko, wathola endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha amathathu endizeni engaziwa. Wandizisa ngesivinini ngisho "La 7" kwesilinganiso esisha (ekupheleni kuka-1944 Kozhedub baba iphini. Commander we 176 th Guards. IAP, okuyinto ngenyanga kakhulu ehlobo walilwela, "La 7", imishini eziningana umklamo yakamuva ).

Kozhedub waphawula ukuthi umpetha German okhululekile, ngoba imoto yakhe izimpukane "ngokushesha kunokuba ukukhanya" futhi isikhala ngaphansi kungenziwa ziyekwa zingalawulwa. umshayeli Soviet sihlangabezane izimoto isitha eyenzeke Yiqiniso, wakhe La-7 fighter esingu "German" ngezansi kwesokudla "esiswini".

Titarenko ke adubula maduzane, kodwa ukuhlaselwa kwakhe ophoqelelwe isitha ukuchezuka okwesikhashana "buthule" Kozhedub ukuthi kunqunywe umphumela elinqobile. Lapho ibanga kuyehla kube okunokwenzeka esiphezulu, Ivan bavulela ngenhlamvu, ukushayisa esisheshayo "isimangaliso."

April 1945

Ngenyanga yesibili kwentwasahlobo ngokuwina Ivana Kozheduba anquma "uvalo" amabutho oMfelandawonye - amaMelika. umshayeli Engazi Kozhedub, leli thimba lalimelela American «B-17», otpugnuv kuye fighters ezimbili German. Kodwa cishe ngaso leso sikhathi yisifo enamandla kusuka ibanga. Ubani esingu - akucaci e impi ibambene ngezihluthu. Nokho, izindiza ezimbili engaziwa ngasikhathi phansi ngesikhathi kubhujiswa eSoviet wempi!

Ebeligciniwe, Ivan Nikitivich, waya kolunye uhlangothi futhi uzakwethu wayishaya wayilahla phansi. Enye Stunt (Kozhedub kwakubonakala ukuntanta esibhakabhakeni), shot - futhi wawela phansi a Umgadli yesibili ezinamaphiko. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, wanqoba baba US Air Force, "Mustangs." OMfelandawonye wachaza isenzo wawo okhohlisayo ukuthi "Kwenzeke iphutha."

Empeleni, abasekeli yokulwa nobuNazi wanquma ukuhlola Kozhedub esinganqobeki "amandla." Bese akazange ukudanisa Ivan Kozhedub sokusinda feat ngisho nasezimweni ezingalindelekile kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha nangenye isiqinisekiso neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ngempela iqhawe.

Afterword

Ngakho ukuthi bangaki izindiza wadubula phansi Kozhedub? Kanye "Mustang" umbimbi - 64. Kozhedub IN waklonyeliswa udumo oluphakeme isimo bomdabu: kuhlanganise Order of Lenin (4), i-Red Flag (7), (2) Red Star, u-Alexander saseNevsky, iMpi Yezwe I ezingeni, njll, kanye oda angaphandle .. Abafile IN Kozhedub lwesishiyagalombili-August 1991. endaweni yokungcwaba - eMoscow, Novodevichy emathuneni.