Amazenge emlandweni - kungcono ingxenye ongumlimi Holdings. Ukuqedwa serfdom nokutjhugululwa kwenarha eRussia

Amazenge emlandweni - wukuthi ingxenye yezwe, okuyinto, ngokusho izinguquko ongumlimi ezweni lethu zinhlanga zangena phakathi kwelifa loonyana kulendawo. Kususelwa isikhundla ukuqedwa serfdom, kubasebenzisi umhlaba yasemakhaya namakolishi setha ingxenye ethile kuyinsakavukela. Kodwa uma lidlula inani elinqunyiwe, imfucuza ngokweqile ezicukuthwaneni.

izici Jikelele ekutjhugululweni

Ngo 1861 uyekwa eRussia serfdom. Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abalimi base benikwe inkululeko ethé siqu, zingabantu ezindaweni eziningi babe sesimweni esinzima kakhulu kumhlaba nezindaba. Amazenge emlandweni - kungcono ingxenye umgomo kahulumeni omusha yokulondoloza isimo sezimali yezikhulu ifike. Phela, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, Bamukwa umthombo wabo oyinhloko yokuziphilisa - Income futhi imisebenzi nge emnothweni ongumlimi.

Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla zanquma ukuba isilinganiso esinjalo, ukuze kungasi kubo okungenani ezinye amalungelo kanye nezinzuzo kwezomnotho. Futhi lokhu Yebo, umthelela omubi kakhulu ngokuma abakhiqizi ngqo wezolimo, ngokuvamile abahlala ophucwa ingxenye eyinhloko impahla yabo. Amazenge emlandweni - lena cishe omunye imigomo impikiswano iningi kabusha ongumlimi. ubufakazi Ilondolozwe ukuthi isizwe uqobo ngokuvamile Loti nabaka Abram baxabana ngokwezinga njengoba Kwakubalulekile ukungasho inkululeko enkulu kangaka siqu njengoba umhlabathi kuye.

ukuphikisana

Ngakho, izinguquko 1861, nazo zonke inani layo omuhle, nokho equkethwe eyodwa kusimo kubaluleke kakhulu: abalimi zaphucwa iziza. Ngenxa zabasebenzi wezolimo kwaba ngesisekelo khona sawo, awayona emva isikhundla inkululeko yawo kwakuyilawa kusimo eside. Futhi abaningi isimo nakakhulu mubi nakakhulu kunangaphambili. Amazenge emlandweni - lokhu cishe evusa impikiswano kakhulu futhi ebucayi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuleli kabusha. Nokho, uma isikhundla ngaphambi kwabanikazi bamazwe ekilasini-isinqumo gentry ziqinile ngempela, ukuze nabo singaqondile esinamandla.

Kodwa, naphezu yokunivumela, lesi sigaba kakhulu mpofu. Kala ezithathwe nguhulumeni, kwaba alanele ukusekela isimo sabo kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Ngakho kusukela manje kuqhubeke, inqubo phansi mass kwabanikazi bamazwe bangaphambili ezinkulu. Ikakhulukazi ngoba ngokuyisisekelo isikhundla izingxenye eziningi akazange ngisho baqonde. Lena ngezinye izikhathi ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo kakhulu abalimi ngubani wakwazi ukuthola izwe, noma okungenani ekunciphiseni usayizi imithwalo kuhlinzekelwe avelelwe yabo.

imiphumela

Sishilo kakade ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo ezweni sasingasabavumeli abalimi. Nokho, landlordism wabonakala buyaphela, nakuba ngokusemthethweni futhi ngokomthetho nezicukuthwane namanje bahlale ithuba elihle. Ukuqonda ukuthi izingxenye ezinjalo emlandweni, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kucatshangelwa izimo lapho izingxenye zemvelo ezindawo zezulu elise iziza.

Ngokwesibonelo, enhlabathini izifunda black abaninimhlaba ezathathwa abalimi ingxenye enkulu ezweni, ngoba kule ndawo, kwaba evunde kakhudlwana. Izicukuthwane Izigwili ukuketula ngisho wesihlanu ukuthi umphumela kulabo ababempofu kakhulu isikhundla kwalesi sigodi futhi abakhileyo kulo. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu isilinganiso uyisabelo kwaba esingamahektare emithathu nengxenye komhlaba. Lokhu kwaba esingaphansi esikhathini sangaphambi kabusha. Ngokwemvelo, abalimi abaningi bebengeneme. Yalondolozwa ngisho ubufakazi bokuthi ayethanda ukuhlala ebugqileni kuka ozakudinywa kwezimali khona ngokugcwele.

izinkinga bomhlaba

Ngakho, siye asebenzelana ngayo ukuthi izingxenye ezinjalo. Umlando, kwencazelo lo mqondo, njengoba sesifundile, is kuhlangene kuya kabusha ongumlimi. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi esimweni a zaba okweshumi ambalwa ngaphezulu kuyinsakavukela esungulwe, kulendawo Unelungelo ukuphuca abalimi endaweni "extra". Njengomthetho, lena amaphesenti nesishiyagalombili yonke impahla elalihluke ngokuphelele eziningi ngoba abanikazi bamazwe yasemakhaya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakusekhona inkinga ka strip ukulima. Fikile izigodi ngokuvamile elalibambeke ku abalimi, ukudala inkinga ziklabe esidlule, sebenzisa ezimfundeni nokunye. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba noma ekhokhela umnikazi wale ndawo, noma uyiqashe iziza noma ukufeza izibopho ezithile ngoba ilungelo lokusebenzisa iziza.

Udaba izizathu

ukuhlaziywa eningiliziwe kanye nencazelo umbuzo yini ubude emlandweni Russia, kubalulekile kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuthuthukiswa okuthunyelwe-izinguquko kwezolimo ezweni jikelele. Mhlawumbe uhlelo olusha ekuqaleni wamshaya kokubili landlordism abancane kanye nabalimi abancane. Lesi sakamuva, Yiqiniso, esimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi abantu balahlekelwa ilungelo lokusebenzisa ezweni: ezimfundeni, ziklabe izindawo nokunye. Manje emapheshana lapha yayinjalo elalibambeke izingxenye, ilungelo ukusetshenziswa lapho abalimi kwakudingeka akhokhe. Ngakho, abakhiqizi ngqo abalahlekelwe impahla yabo hhayi kuphela eyisisekelo, kodwa futhi izinsiza indawo eyengeziwe.