Pereslavl-Zalessky: unyaka wesisekelo, umlando

Abavakashi abaningi banesithakazelo kakhulu kuPereslavl-Zalessky. Unyaka wesisekelo salo ngu-1152. Le nsimu yasendulo eyinqaba, engxenyeni yesifunda sase-Yaroslavl. Kuphelele, abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-40 bahlala lapha njengonyaka ka-2015.

Indawo yokuvakasha evelele

Ukusuka eMoscow, udinga ukushayela u-140 km ukuya ePereslavl-Zalessky. Unyaka wesisekelo unikeza isimo sesikhumbuzo somlando esiyigugu kakhulu sokwakha.

Kubalulekile ukuhamba emgwaqweni "iKholmogory" eLwandle Pleshcheeva. Kufanelekile ukuyeka lapho, lapho umfula womfula iTrubezh ugeleza khona kuleli gaba. Izivakashi eziningi lapha zikhangwa ngonyaka wesisekelo. I-Pereslavl-Zalessky nayo iyathakazelisa ngoba iyisikhungo sepaki kazwelonke. Ungafika ngesitimela bese usuka esiteshini saseBerendeyevo. Kusuka lapha ungathola ku-Ring Gold yaseRussia. Ngonyaka ka-2009, abantu abangu-292 abayizinkulungwane bakwazi ukuvakashela lapha, iningi lazo yizivakashi. Amaphesenti angu-2 azoba ngabangaphandle.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla

U-Pereslavl-Zalessky unomlando omude kakhulu. Unyaka wesisekelo wedolobha ngu-1152. Yakhiwa yiNkosana Yu Dolgoruky. Khona-ke leli gama laliqukethe ingxenye yokuqala yegama lamanje njengesibonelo somunye, ngisho nomdala osePeryaslav-isiRussia, obizwa ngokuthi iPhereyaslov-Khmelnitsky namuhla.

Ungafika lapho uma uya e-Ukraine. Le ndawo yasungulwa nguVladimir Svyatoslavovich. Abavubukuli abaningi kanye naba-mlando baye basebenza ngokubuhlungu ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngale ndawo. Unyaka wesisekelo uthathwe njengendawo yokuqala. U-Pereslavl-Zalessky uqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuthi ingxenye yesibili yegama layo, njengoba yayigcwele amahlathi aminyene.

Izindawo eziseduze zahlakulelwa ngempumelelo. Ngelinye igama, esifubeni semvelo yasendaweni, indoda yayinakho konke ayengayidinga. Kungenxa yemvelo ukuthi inguqulo yokugcina yegama esetshenzisiwe namuhla, eyasungulwa ngekhulu le-15, yakhiwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Ososayensi abaningi baye bazama ukutadisha ngokuphelele iPhereslavl-Zalessky. Unyaka wesisekelo akuyona indlela yokuqala emlandweni ngaye. Okubaluleke nakakhulu yisikhathi esaqala ngokuzalwa kuka-A. Nevsky ngo-1220 ePereyaslavl.

Indodana yakhe, u-Dmitry Pereyaslavsky, iNkosana yaseVladimir, yasungulwa kule nsimu inhloko-dolobha yesifunda esenyakatho nesempumalanga yeRussia. Ekhulwini le-14 idolobha layingxenye yombuso waseMoscow. Kulo mzuzwana, izinguquko ezishintshayo ziqala, nakuba sekudlule amakhulu eminyaka amabili kusukela ngonyaka wesisekelo futhi okukhulunywe ngawo kwakungu-dated.

U-Pereslavl-Zalessky wayenamathele emazweni ka-Andrei Alexandrovich, kodwa lokhu kwavinjelwa umqulu kaKhan we-Golden Horde, owashicilelwa ngo-1303. Ngokuvumelana nalo, amalungelo ezikhulu zaseMoscow aqinisekiswa. Unyaka wesisekelo kanye nokukhulunywa kokuqala kwedolobha lasePereslavl-Zalessky kwaba ukuqala komlando omkhulu wale ndawo yokuhlala. Izakhamuzi zasekhaya zazibonakalisa kahle ngo-1304, ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa inqola yaseTver eyayikelwe ngu-Akinf, owayengumfana ngaleso sikhathi. Ibutho laseMoscow lahlula isitha ngenhlonipho, singamvumeli endlini yakhe.

Ukuhlasela

Ukuze iphuzu lombhalo wembhalo uthathe unyaka wesisekelo. Unyaka wePhereslavl-Zalessky wokukhulunywa kokuqala unokubonakala okufanayo okuqala njengokubonakala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile zenzeke lapha.

Isibonelo, ngo-1238 izindonga zazivinjelwe izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ukuhlukunyezwa okufanayo kwaphindaphindiwe ngo-1251 no-1281, bese kuthi ngo-1282 no-1294. Idolobha lashiswa yinkosana okuthiwa i-Black Fyodor. Khona-ke leli phuzu laheha uHorde, owamthatha ngo-1382 no-1408, kanye no-1419.

Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke, izindonga zamehlo zazimi. Kungenxa yalokhu ukubekezela esingakwazi manje ukulandelela ukuthi unyaka wePherslavl-Zalessky isisekelo. Unyaka wokukhulunyelwa kokuqala waba yindawo yokuqala yedatha egciniwe yolwazi lwezinto ezilandelwayo ososayensi abazitholile futhi banikezele ukutadisha kuwo wonke umuntu ongenandaba nekusasa lale ndawo.

Imicimbi Yomlando

Leli phuzu, njengabaningi eNkathini Ephakathi, kwadingeka likhuthazelele hhayi izikhathi ezilula. Isibonelo, ngo-1372 lapha kwakukhona i-Keystut yokuhlasela - isikhulu, owahlela omunye umlilo.

Uma ulandela impilo yokuhlala kusuka ku-1302, ababusi baseMoscow babusa lapha. Ngezinye izikhathi wayengaphansi kwezikhulu ezazingaphandle. Ekhulwini lekhulu le-15 leminyaka le-16 kwakunomlando webabusi baseMoscow. Ukusuka lapha kuya enhloko-dolobha kwakukhona inhlanzi njengetela.

Unyaka wesisekelo wedolobha lasePereslavl-Zalessky uyathandeka njengengubo yezingalo, lapho umuntu angabona khona kuphela ama-ruffians - isithelo se-craft kazwelonke, esasebenza njengesipho. Kwakubhekwa njengento eyiphundu enhle kakhulu futhi edidayo, ayitholakali noma yikuphi ngaphandle kweLake Pleshcheyevoy. Manje ingabonakala emakhasini weRead Books e-Yaroslavl Region. Futhi i-Russia yonke.

Kubaluleke kakhulu

Ekwindla ka-1374, uPrince Dmitry Ivanovich waseMoscow wabamba umhlangano we-boyars nezikhulu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Amadoda wesifunda akhuluma ngenkinga yejoka lamaTatars namaMongolia, okwakufanele alandelwe ngokuphuthumayo.

Ngo-1608, inqaba yahlushwa isitha esisha. Khona-ke ababengenelela eLithuania-Polish bahlasela. Futhi, impendulo yakhe enzima yashiya isikhathi sezinkinga. Kusukela ngo-1688, ngaphansi kwesimiso sikaPetru I, imoto yomsindo yadalwa lapha. Empeleni, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umshini wokwakha umkhumbi esifundazweni wakhiwa.

Ngo-1692, le misebenzi yaqedwa, bahlela umkhosi ngokuhlonipha ukubuyekezwa. Kusukela ngo-1708 le ndawo yayihlanganisa nesifundazwe saseMoscow. Ngo-1719, basungula iphuzu eliyinhloko esifundazweni sasePhereyaslav. Kusukela ngo-1778 kwakukhona insimu yesigodi sokunqoba kukaVladimir, kanye nesifundazwe esinamagama afanayo. Ngo-1929 kule ndawo kwakuyizifunda zezimboni Ivanovskaya, futhi kusukela ngo-1936 - i-Yaroslavl. Uma ubuyela emuva kancane kancane, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukudalwa kombhobho wamanzi ngo-1884. Kusuka ngo-1872 kuya ku-1917, umuzi wawungaphansi kokuhola komkhandlu wedolobha. Kwakhiwa kabusha ngo-1994.

I-Symbolism

Ngokuqondene nengubo yezingalo, inguqulo yokuqala yenziwa ngo-1781 unyaka. Wachaza izinhlanzi ezimbili zegolide - lezo zidlova ezifanayo i-ryadushkas emasimini amnyama. Futhi kwakukhona ingonyama ingwe, efanekisela ukuhlukumezeka kukaVladimir, ingxenye yayo ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyidolobha.

I-version yanamuhla ye-heraldry yamukelwa ngo-2002. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombe sangaphambilini, manje asikho ingxenye ephezulu yokwakhiwa, ngoba le nsimu ayisekho yeyunithi yokuphatha yangaphambilini. Inhlanzi iboniswe ngokuhlelekile. Ifulege ifana kakhulu nesigqoko sezingalo, yamukelwa ngoFebruwari 2002. Umehluko wukuthi isizinda siphuzi, futhi izithombe, ngokuphambene, zimnyama.

Kanye lapha, ungabhekana nesimo sezulu sezulu sezulu. Ebusika kubanda futhi kunamafu, ngezikhathi ezithile kunezintambo. Lena indawo enhle yokuhambela izivakashi nokuhlala okumnandi. Njengoba ulapha, awukwazi ukugcwalisa ingqondo yakho kanye nokucabangela, kodwa futhi udweba ulwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo.