Namuhla sizoxoxa kanjani Ubuntu is ubukele inethiwekhi. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza likwazi eziningana amathuluzi sokuqhafaza lo msebenzi. Ngokukhethekile futhi kufanele ikhokhwe kunethiwekhi ukuphathwa usebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo.
i-Ethernet interface
Eyokuqala isethaphu Ubuntu inethiwekhi ukukhathazeka nalesi ezobuchwepheshe. I-Ethernet interface ohlelweni zibizwa ngokuthi ethX. Kulokhu, X - iyinombolo ezithile. Ngokuvamile, kuqala-Ethernet esibonakalayo Uhlobo eyabizwa ngokuthi eth0. Inani ukwanda okwalandela ngomunye. Ukukhomba ngokushesha zonke zenethiwekhi etholakalayo, ungasebenzisa ifconfig umyalo.
Kukhona okunye. Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi kungasiza ukukhomba etholakalayo zenethiwekhi - umyalo lshw. Ngo-Ubuntu ukumisa inethiwekhi kusukela console ngosizo lokhu isixazululo kukuvumela ukwazi inombolo uxhumano, ulwazi ibhasi, ulwazi umshayeli, kanye nohlu izici asekelwe. amagama elinengqondo edingekayo interface kungenziwa ebalulwe ifayela net.rules.
Thina dlulelani esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Uma ufuna ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi interface ukuthola ethile igama elinengqondo, ukuthola umugqa oluvumelana ngokomzimba MAC-ikheli yesici inikezwe. Ukushintsha ukubaluleka NAME = ethX. Icacisa uma ngabe igama elinengqondo. Iqalise uhlelo ukusebenzisa izinguquko. Kukhona uhlelo Ethtool ekhethekile okushintsha futhi ubonisa izilungiselelo ikhadi inethiwekhi zazo isici sokuvuka ku-LAN, imodi Duplex, isivinini port kanye auto-ukuxoxisana. Leli thuluzi ayifakiwe ekuqaleni, kodwa itholakala ku ekhosombeni. Izinguquko ezenziwe usebenzisa Ethtool ithimba isikhathi. Bona lizokhanselwa ngemva kohlelo reboots. Uma udinga ukulondoloza lezi zilungiselelo, engeza ezifanele umyalo Ethtool, okwenza kube e pre-up interface umugqa ifayela. Isixazululo echazwe usebenza nje kuphela interface luxhumanisa amisiwe, kodwa futhi nabanye embodiments, isibonelo, DHCP.
IP ekhuluma
In the isinyathelo esilandelayo ulungisela inethiwekhi Ubuntu is ngqo exhunywe kwi-Izilungiselelo ze-IP-computer, futhi esangweni. Lesi sinyathelo kuyadingeka lenhlangano zokuxhuma wendawo kanye inthanethi ukungena. Ukuze wenze izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yesikhashana usebenzisa imiyalo ejwayelekile: umzila, ifconfig futhi ip. Lezi zixazululo kuzoshintsha osheshayo ngokusebenzisa kwawo. Nokho, ukucushwa kulokhu izokhanselwa ngemva ukuqalisa phansi. Uma amanani DNS adingekayo ukumisa okwesikhashana, engeza seseva IP amakheli efayeleni resolv.conf. Ngokuvamile ukuhlela le nto hhayi Kunconywa, kodwa kwamukelekile uma kwenzeka ukumisa okwesikhashana. Uma izilungiselelo ipharamitha ayisadingeki, ukhansela wonke interface izilungiselelo ngokusebenzisa umyalo ip ne ukwengeza ezishaywayo. Ukusetha kabusha ukucushwa nokusetshenziswa indlela echazwe akusho ukuhlanza okuqukethwe resolv.conf. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, susa noma ngesandla ukushintsha amarekhodi afanele. Ungase futhi iqalise, ngaleyo ndlela resolv.conf ngaphezulu oyokwenziwa.
DHCP
Ngokulandelayo, sidinga ekusetheni kwenethiwekhi Ubuntu Server. Ukulungisa iseva ukusebenza DHCP futhi ahlinzeke isabelo ikheli ashukumisayo, engeza indlela elungile kusigaba ikheli iNet ngoba edingekayo esibonakalayo isici interface. Ngokulandelayo, sisebenzisa ifup umyalo. It kuzokuvumela ukufaka esibonakalayo futhi ngesandla kusebenze DHCP nge dhclient. Thina dlulelani esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Uma esikhathini esithile isethaphu Ubuntu Server inethiwekhi kudinga ngesandla ukukhubaza esibonakalayo, sebenzisa ifdown umyalo. Iqala inqubo kokuma isici futhi DHCP ukukhululwa.
ukuqokwa a unomphela
Thina manje sixoxe ngendlela Ubuntu ukumisa inethiwekhi ukuba static-IP amakheli. Ukungeza indlela static esigabeni iNet for esibonakalayo specific isici interface. Ungasebenzisa futhi umyalo ifup. It ikuvumela ukuba unike amandla esibonakalayo ngesandla. Ukuyekisa ilingane umyalo ifdown. Special loopback esibonakalayo uhlelo kuchazwa njenganoma bheka. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ke Ukusetha ikheli 127.0.0.1 elandelayo. It kungenziwa etholakala ngokusebenzisa umyalo ifconfig. Ekuqaleni, interfaces isici ukwethula imigqa emibili, okuyinto banesibopho ukubeka loopback ngokuzenzakalelayo. Thina shiya lezi ongakhetha in ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni kuze izizathu ethize izinguquko zabo. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo, ukuzimisela kuyinto IP-ikheli ngokusekelwe igama impi. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba lula ukuhlonza umthombo.
Ngakho esiphethweni ukuthi kusetshenziswe kanjani e-Ubuntu 14. 04 Network Ukucushwa. Leli bhukwana kufanelekile nezinye izinguqulo zalesi simiso yokusebenza.