Yayiyini igama likaSamara ngaphambili? Umlando we-Samara

Embuzweni wokuthi uSamara wabizwa kanjani ngaphambili, abaningi bazophendula ngokuthi "Kuibyshev" futhi kuzoba kuhle. Kodwa-ke, leli gama lamukelwa ngedolobha ngesikhathi izindawo eziningi ezihlala ezweni ziqanjwe ngokuhlonishwa kwamalungu eqembu elivelele kanye nezinguquko, kodwa umlando wayo waqala kakhulu. Yilokho igama ayegqoka ngaphambili nokuthi iyiphi indima ayidlala empilweni yaseRussia, sizokhuluma esihlokweni sethu.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala koMfula iSamara nomuzi wegama elifanayo

Igama lomuzi lixhumene ngokuqondile negama lomfula iSamara, okuyi-tributary ye-Volga. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kutholakala kumanothi ombhali we-Embassy Arab yase-Ibn Fadlan, owavakashela khona ngoMeyi 922. Umbiza ngokuthi umfula uSamur, ebhekisela egameni elinikezwe yi-nomads yendawo. Nokho, i-diplomat yase-Arabhu ayikhulumi nganoma iyiphi indawo.

Mayelana nokuthi uSamara wabizwa kanjani ngaphambili, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kusekwe ngokusemthethweni emabalazweni aseRussia, abacwaningi banombono othile, ngokusho ukuthi igama laso langaphambili lalihlotshaniswa nalokho okwamanje. Lokhu kufakazelwa, ikakhulukazi, ngebalazwe laseVenetian, elifika kithi, kusukela ngo-1367, lapho indawo yokuhlala, okuthiwa i-Samar, ikhethwe endaweni yesifunda sase-Middle Volga.

Ukuhlala okufanayo kwasetshenziselwa enye ibalazwe, kwahlanganiswa ngo-1459 yiNkosikazi yamaKatolika uFra Mauro owayehamba ngeVolga. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abathandabuzayo ababaza ukufaneleka kokuthola iSamar lasendulo nedolobha elavela ebhange loMfula iVolga ngo-1586.

Inqaba, eyakhelwe intando yenkosi

Kulo nyaka lapho umlando we-Samara uqala, ngokusekelwe emfuleni wegama elifanayo, eduze ne-confluence yayo eya ku-Volga. Izikhathi zaziyingozi kakhulu, futhi ukuze zilondoloze isifunda ekuhlaselweni okuqhubekayo kwabantu abakhethiweyo, futhi ukuvikela kuzo umgwaqo wamanzi kusukela eKazzan kuya e-Astrakhan, umbusi uFedor Ioannovich wayala iNkosana GO Zasekin ukwakha inqaba lapho.

Umbuzo wokuthi uSamara wakhiwa kanjani wawucatshangwa yizizukulwane eziningi zezazi-mlando zaseRussia. Kwasungulwa ukuthi ngentando yenkosi kwakukhona okokuqala isigwebo esincane esakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi saba yinqaba eyaholela emzini omkhulu waseVolga. Isisekelo sawo kanye nokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kufinyeleleke emibhalweni eyehlele kithi. Banikeza negama lomuzi, okungafaki ukungabaza ngegama likaSamara ngaphambili.

Abahlali bokuqala edolobheni laseSamara

Ngokwezazi-mlando, iNqaba yeSamara, engasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, yayisezindaweni zomuzi lapho isitshalo sokukhiqiza i-valve sitholakala khona namhlanje. Nakuba ngalezo zinsuku babengenalo umqondo wemiklamo yokwakhiwa kwemiphakathi, kodwa umyalo wenkosi wabulawa ngaphandle kokulibala futhi inqaba yakhiwa ngokumangalisayo ngokushesha - ezinyangeni ezintathu kuphela.

Idolobhana elisha, okwamanje laphunga i-resin elisha, lahlelwa eSamara (njengoba kwakungokwesiko ukulibiza ezinsukwini zakudala), abaculi be-servicemen, izibhamu kanye "namakholomu", okungukuthi, labo ababezoqapha isango kunoma yimuphi umuntu oshayayo. Lapha ama-boyars nawo ayebhekiswe ezweni lakwababa ngokumiswa kwe-tsar.

Umlando weSamara ngekhulu le-17 ngumlando wemisebenzi eqhubekayo ekuqiniseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwawo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1700 umuzi wawuhlanganisa imigqa emihlanu yokuzivikela, kuhlanganise neKremlin, imigqa emibili ekhonjiwe kanye nemigqa eminingi yemigodla, maduzane ibhujiswe ukulahlekelwa phansi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhungo esiphezulu esinamandla sasinemiphumela ephawulekayo - zonke izakhiwo zayo zaziyizinkuni, ezathinta indlela enhle kunazo zonke phakathi nemililo eyashisa umuzi ngo-1700 no-1703.

Kusukela enqabeni kuya esiqhingini sezimboni

Efundiswa ngokuhlangenwe nakho okubabazayo, amaSamariya akha indawo enamandla yomhlaba esakhiweni somlotha wangaphambili. Phakathi nokucwaningwa kwemfuyo okwenziwa ngo-2013-2014, izinsalela zalesi sakhiwo zitholwe endaweni yeKhlebnaya Square.

Ngo-1851, kwakhiwa isifundazwe saseSamara, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi idolobha, elaba yinhloko-dolobha yalo, lithole amandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kanye namasiko. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, iSamara yayibizwa nangokuthi "iRussia yaseChicago" ngokukhiqiza kwayo nokukhiqiza izimboni ngokushesha. Umuzi, owabalelwa ku-15 000 abakhileyo kulezo zinsuku, wanda emabhizinisini ahlukene, izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nemishini yokugaya.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi bekukhona okokuqala eRussia ukuthi ihhashi ithathwe esikhundleni se-tram eyashiya idokodo yedolobha ngo-1915. Njengoba amaphephandaba alolo suku ephawula, ayehlanganiswe ngokuphelele kusuka ezingxenyeni ezifuywayo nezinto zokwakha. I-Samara yindawo yakubo yobhiya "Zhigulevsky", othandekayo yiwo sonke , esiqala ukukhiqiza ngo-1881 esitektini esine-entrepreneur wase-Austria u-Alfred von Wakano. Ngendlela, ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-Vienna", kodwa-ke ithole igama elithandayo lokuthanda izwe.

Ukuqamba kabusha kwe-Samara

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuthunyelwa kwempi, iSamara isikhathi esithile sigcina ukuzimela kwayo kwaBolsheviks, futhi amandla ayo ayingxenye yeKomiti okuthiwa yiLungu lamaLungu eMhlangano oPhethe. Nokho, inkambo yomlando yayingenakulinganiswa, futhi ekugcineni yaba omunye wamadolobha aseSoviet. Ngo-1935, "ngesicelo sabasebenzi abasebenza" (njengoba kwakuthiwa yiziqondiso zomuntu ngamunye we-CPSU), umuzi wanikezwa igama lomholi ovelele wezombusazwe kanye neqembu V. Kuibyshev.

Inhloko-dolobha yesibili yezwe

Inendima ebalulekile empilweni yezwe idolobha eladlalwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu. Eqinisweni, yayisiyinhloko-dolobha yesibili yeSoviet Union. Lapha, eduze kwamabhange aseVolga, uHulumeni kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe baye bathuthela.

Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, idolobha lase lilungele ukuba yisilinganiso se-Supreme Commander-in-Chief JV Stalin. Ikakhulukazi kuye kwakhiwe indawo yokuhlala, ehlonyelwe umthengisi ongaphansi komhlaba. Namhlanje liyingxenye yedokhumenti yedolobha futhi livulekile kuzivakashi.

Idolobha edolobheni lempi

Ngaphandle kwama-ejensi kahulumeni, amabhizinisi amaningi asuka emazweni asentshonalanga yezwe ayesekhona edolobheni, ngenxa yalokho izinga lokukhiqiza ezimbonini kulo nyaka wempi landa izikhathi ezinhlanu. Ukuze unikeze phambili ngezindiza zokulwa, kunesakhiwo esikhulu somoya esakhiwe edolobheni, esasungula ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza ezidumile emhlabeni wonke njengezindiza zokuhlasela ze-IL-2 nama-Mig-3 fighters.

I-Moscow Bolshoi Theatre nayo yahlala lapha futhi yaqhubeka isebenza. Umcimbi obalulekile emkhakheni wamasiko weKuibyshev wenkathi yezempi kwakuwukwenziwa ehholo lakhe lesikhombisa Leningrad Symphony, eliphethwe nguD. D. Shostakovich, owayekhona lapho ephuma khona. Isikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele sempi kwakuyi-embankment yedolobha, okubhekene nayo eyasetshenziswa igranite, ithunyelwa ngesikhathi esifanele ukusuka eJalimane ehluliwe.

Ifulegi laseSamara, eliye laba uphawu lwezikhathi zanamuhla

Kuyo yonke inkathi yokubusa kobuKhomanisi, kuze kube sekuqaleni kwe-perestroika, iqembu lezinkampani zenza yonke imizamo yokubhubhisa abantu ukukhumbula indlela uSamara abizwa ngayo ekuqaleni. Isimo esifanayo sasihlonishwa kwamanye amadolobha aqanjwe kabusha.

Kodwa-ke, kakade ngo-1990, ekuqaleni kokuguqulwa kwentando yeningi okwasusa izwe, idolobha libuyiselwe egameni layo lomlando, futhi eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva iSigodla saseSamara sigunyaze ifulege laseSamara. Ngeke kube ukunyanyisa ukusho ukuthi abantu basemadolobheni abangeyona nje uphawu olusemthethweni lokwakhiwa komasipala, kodwa futhi nokubonakala okubonakalayo kwezinguquko ezilethwe ukulungiswa kwazo zonke izakhamizi zaseRussia.