Hitrovskaya Square eMoscow - indawo eyingozi kakhulu

Ukubhujiswa njalo kuba umama wendalo. Lesi sibonelo kwakunguKhitrovskaya Square eMoscow. Kule ndawo abantu bahlala ngokuthula, kwaze kwaba yilapho kwenzeka inhlekelele. Insimu evuselelwe futhi eyakhiwe kabusha yayizoba uhlobo lwenhlangano yezitolo, kodwa yaphenduka indawo yokuhlala.

Iziphathimandla zedolobha ngezikhathi ezahlukene zashintsha ukuhlelwa kwezwe, ukuguqula noma ukudiliza izakhiwo, kodwa igama namanje lidala imizwa exubile phakathi kwabantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, into efana nemakethe echazwe ekuqaleni kwencwadi ethi "Indaba Yombulali" nguSuskind, ngakolunye uhlangothi - indawo enhle kakhulu.

Umlando wendalo

Akekho owayecabanga ukuthi iKhitrovskaya Square eMoscow yayizoba khona. Ukube kwakungekho okwenzeka ngokudabukisayo kwezimo, ngakho-ke, ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe kuze kube yilolu suku le nsimu izohlala ibe yindawo yokulala edolobheni.

Lapho umlilo ngo-1812 udlula eMoscow, inani elikhulu lezakhiwo labhujiswa. Kubandakanya ukushisa nezindlu eziningi. Njengoba kwakungavunyelwe ukugcina izimali kumagugu noma ukulingiswa kwamabhange, imali isetshenziselwe ukuhlobisa, ingcebo noma imane igcinwe ekhaya. Ngemva kokuba idolobha lishiswe, abaningi balahlekelwa amakhaya abo kanye nempilo yabo. Izakhamuzi zezindlu ezimbili phakathi nendawo eMhlophe City yaseMoscow zazingekho.

Abanikazi abakwazi ukubuyisela izindlu ngokwabo, futhi kwakudingeka bakhokhe intela. Kwaqunyiwe ukunciphisa lezi zindawo ngaphansi kwesando. Wabathenga uNZ Khitrovo ukuze bakhe isikwele futhi asinike idolobha.

Leli qiniso lilotshwe encwadini kaNikolai Zakharovich nohulumeni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yokuphana kwabantu bakuleli dolobha, uMoscow wathola indawo enhle okuthiwa i-Khitrovskaya Square.

Uhlelo lwesigcawu kanye nezifunda zalo

Uhlelo oluhle lubonisa indawo, olunye uhlangothi luzungezwe izakhiwo, kanti nezinye - izihlahla ezizokwenza ubuhle. "Izimbambo" ezine zaqanjwa ngokuvumelana namaqembu omhlaba.

Le ningizimu ibeke izinombolo zokuhweba nezindawo zokulima. Lapho uKhrorovo efa, lezi zakhiwo zadlulela kubanikazi abasha, kodwa zasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, nakuba ziguquliwe kancane.

I-Khitrovskaya Square ayihlangabezanga uhlelo "lomzali" wayo. Ngemuva kokufa kombuthano jikelele, inani lemigqa yezitolo landa, yakha ipaki. Indawo enkabeni yedolobha yenza le makethe ithandwe kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi abathengi nabathengi abaningi beqala ukuza lapha.

I-Khitrovskaya Square ngekhulu le-19 (kusukela engxenyeni yesibili) yaqala isigaba esisha ekuthuthukisweni.

Isikhathi esiyingozi

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-XIX, olunye uchungechunge lwezohwebo lwaluqedile ngakwesokunene "empumalanga". Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yepaki kwahlehliswa okokuqala, bese kunganakwa ngemuva kokukwakhiwa kwezinhlangothi "ezingasenyakatho" nasentshonalanga ". Amanye amakamelo aphinde asinda kuze kube yilolu suku, nakuba ahlelwe kancane ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

I-Hitrovskaya Square yayithola inzuzo yokuhweba njalo ngonyaka.

Ekuqaleni, ngaphambi kwamaholide esonto nangesikhathi semikhosi, abathengisi abanezitayipi eziphathekayo bavela, ngakho-ke abaqashi abahlala njalo baqala ukuhlala ezindaweni.

Isihogo sangempela sathoma lapho kwakhiwa khona i-canopy phezu kwendawo. Nansi ukushintshaniswa kwabasebenzi, futhi ekufuneni imiholo engasebenzi, abalimi ababalekile abavela ezindaweni zonke baqala ukuguqula lapha. Abaningi bahlala. Iminyaka embalwa uHitrovskaya Square iye yaba yindawo yokuhlala abahluphekile nabaphuza. Ngamafuphi, uma abantu befuna indawo eMoscow lapho kwakukhona khona indawo engezansi, khona-ke kwakukhona lapha.

Ngaphandle kokubambisana okungasebenzi, kwakukhona nokuwa okuphelele kwanoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda. Ukuntuleka kokufaka impahla, ukuphanga nokweba kwande endaweni. Abantu bendawo bathi abadingi izibani, ngoba bazohlala bethola indlela yabo, kodwa akukho lutho lokuzama ukungazi.

I-then Khitrovskaya Square - indawo eyingozi kakhulu eMoscow XIX leminyaka.

Isikhathi Soviet

Ngo-1929, le ndawo yakhiwa isakhiwo, esaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "i-Iron", igcinwe esitolo sokudla. Emaphandleni kwakukhona abantu abaningi basekhaya, kuhlanganise namadumile, isibonelo, umlingisi uJevgeny Morgunov.

Ngawo-1920, i-Khitrovskaya Square yalahlekelwa isikwele sayo ngezinhlobo ezingavamile neziyigugu zezihlahla. Kulezi zitshalo zangaphambili kwakukhona amapopporri amathathu kuphela.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30, ukwakhiwa komuzi oyintandokazi "wendawo yendawo enezithombe" kwaqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sikole sakhiwa esikhundleni sendawo yezindela zaseZachatievsky.

Khitrovskaya Square, eyona eyingozi kunazo zonke, negama layo selilahlekile. Yabizwa ngokuthi iGorkovskaya. Lesi sikhalazo siphezulu kuze kube se-60s yekhulu lama-XX. Ukubukeka kwakhe kuhlanganiswe nomdlalo "Ngaphansi", ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi uMaxim Gorky weza lapha ukuphefumulelwa futhi wafunda izici zokuphila kwabantu abalahlekile. Kodwa leli qiniso alikho isiqiniseko sedokhumenti.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha

Umqondo wokubuyisela ukubukeka kokuqala kwesikwele kwavela ngo-1996. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2008 kuphela isicelo sokuvuselelwa. Izakhamuzi zendawo zanikezwa iphrojekthi ngokusho ukuthi esikhundleni seKhomishana ye-Electromechanical kwakufanele kube yindlu enamagumbi amaningi okwakhiwa amahhovisi. Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo ngokwaso, kwakulungiswe ukwakha indawo enkulu yokupaka izihlalo ezingamakhulu amahlanu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kwabangela intukuthelo phakathi kwabakhileyo bendawo kanye nendawo yangakini. Kwaqoqwa amasignesha angaphezu kuka-10 000, futhi ifa lomlando livikelwe.

Muva nje, uhulumeni unikeze uKitrovka isimo sokuphepha.

Izikhangibavakashi

I-Hitrovskaya Square, indawo eyingozi ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, libuyisela isithombe sayo esidala esikhanyayo. Lapha uvame ukuhamba futhi ubheke izindawo ezivelele. Ama-moviegoers abamele uMorgunov, owayevame ukungena egcekeni ukuze adlale ibhola noma alinde umngane.

Ngokubaluleka okukhethekile yizakhiwo zokwakha, phakathi kwazo yindawo ehlala kuyo iKhrorovo, indawo enenzuzo yeBunin.

Abaculi badumisa isikwele njengendawo yokuzalwa yomqambi omkhulu u- Alexander Scriabin. Kulondolozwe kanye nesakhiwo, esasungulwa ngekhulu le-XVII - indlu ka-Yaroshenko, owayehlala ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene izikhulu eziphezulu.

Phakathi kwama-philologists kukhona i-salon yombhalo ohlala kwelinye lamafulethi, lapho abalobi abadume kakhulu nabongqangi babuthana khona. Futhi lapha uhlala uL. Kashin, owaba ngumfanekiso ka-Anna Snegina. Yena noSergei Yesenin babengabangane abaseduze, futhi umbongi wayevame ukuhlala nomndeni wakhe.

Izinkolelo zesikwele

Kukhohliswa ukuthi uHitrovskaya Square, once once inselele, wakhanga umthumbi odumile - uSonya i-Golden Pen. Bekukhona lapho athola khona umphakathi wakhe, angasebenzisa amakhono akhe futhi afunde izinto ezintsha. Njengoba lezi zindaba zithi, kwelinye lezindlu le ntombazane yafihla ingcebo, eyakhiwe ngamatshe asebiwe, kepha ukuthola ukuthi akukho muntu oye waphatha kuze kube manje. Abathandi bemali elula bavuka, noma bafa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaqondakali.

Futhi izimpumputhe zihamba emigwaqweni. Babonakala lapho amasela ezama ukuzondla ngokwabo ngeSonto likaSt. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Abahlaseli banquma ukumba, futhi lapho bebevele bangaphansi kwendlu engcwele, lesi sakhiwo sasingeke sikwazi ukuma bese siwa phansi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imiphefumulo yabo ihamba emigwaqweni futhi isabisa abadlula-nge izicelo zokucela isono somunye.

Enye indlela ithi umthengisi-u-dreamin ebona iphupho wabona uNicholas the Wonderworker owamyala ukuba athathe futhi athengise lesi sigameko esithombeni ukuze aphinde aqale ibhizinisi ngale mali. Le ndoda yamlalela, futhi isembatho sasikhona ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Indawo yanamuhla

I-Hitrovka iyindawo engavamile yedolobha hhayi nje ngoba ikwazi ukulondoloza izakhiwo zomlando. Le yindawo kuphela ephakathi kweMoscow, lapho izindlu zokuhlala zikhulu kunamahhovisi kanye nezikhungo zokuzijabulisa. Izakhamuzi ziye zakha kabusha indawo, futhi manje sezilungele ukuvikela insimu yabo ekulwa nabathuthukisi.

Ngokuvamile abantu bendawo bangabona ukudubula kwamafilimu emlando endaweni yaseKhitrovskaya Square, eyayiziqhenya ngoMoscow.