Izinhlobo Classical Music: Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

"Umculo Classical" futhi "umculo we-classic" - amabili okubekwe ngayo okulingana ngokuphelele, khulula Uhlaka amagama, khomba kumiswa olubanzi isiko zomculo, ukubaluleka kwalo ngokomlando kanye amathemba ukuqhubeka. Ngokuvamile elithi "umculo we-classic" esikhundleni ibinzana "umculo zezemfundo".

Indaba

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amagama, umculo we-classic has a umsuka ocacile zomlando, ehambisana ne-ngasekupheleni Ukukhanyiselwa isikhathi kwesikhathi Classical. Izinkondlo futhi dramaturgy ngesikhathi zazisekelwe imisebenzi abalobi basendulo, futhi le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi isiko zomculo. Zintathu - isikhathi kanye nendawo isinyathelo, kuhlangatshezwana nazo uhlobo of opera nezinye izinhlobo zomculo elihlobene ne imithombo etemibhalo. Oratorios, cantatas wazala isitembu classicism, uhlobo esezingeni 17-19 eminyaka. I opera owayebusa Libretto elotshwe kwesikhathi lasendulo.

ekubeni

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zomculo zasendulo e ngandlela-thile exhunywe ngenkathi classical. Umqambi Gluck wayengomunye walaba abalandeli evelele kunazo zonke ye isiko lasendulo e umculo, wakwazi ukuhlangana zonke izimiso isikhathi imisebenzi yabo. Inkathi edlule elinesimo yakhoibrium ecatshangwe kahle uhlelo ecacile, ukuvumelana kanye, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphelela umculo we-classic. Nokho, umahluko ophakathi kwala izinhlobo kuyofikwa lapho Polyphony ngomusa kodwa ngokuqinile, futhi endaweni yawo rose cishe izibalo ubukele kwencazelo uhlobo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlobo umculo classic Uthole ngezinga eliphezulu ezifundweni.

I-opera soloed amaqembu babé ngokuphawulekayo BUSA amazwi ahambisana nazo, kantsi phambilini zonke iqhaza nokusebenza babelingana. Isimiso yokubuswa ahlanganiswe umsindo Libretto uthethe uhlobo oluhlukile ngokuphelele, futhi zokubukwa kwakungekho waseshashalazini futhi operatic. Futhi iguqula ensembles wezinsimbi, amathuluzi solo waqhubekela phambili, futhi uhamba igcinwe ngemuva.

Umculo izinhlobo, izitayela kanye izitayela

Phakathi classic "amasampula" ngasekupheleni entsha zadalwa. Izinhlobo umculo Classical yathi chithi saka e kwekhulu le-18. Orchestra, Ensemble, bands solo-lamaqembu Symphonic balandela ikakhulukazi canons entsha umculo, nge Improvisation ziyancipha.

Yini zihlukaniswa izinhlobo zomculo zasendulo? Uhlu simi ngale ndlela kubo:

• ukuhlukahluka;
• symphony;
• opera;
• amakhonsathi wezinsimbi;
• cantatas;
• oratorio;
• Preludes futhi Fugues;
• sonata;
• suite;
• Toccata;
• fantasy;
• isitho umculo;
• Nocturnes;
• symphony vocal;
• zethusi umculo;
• satshanyana;
• Umculo IMisa;
• amahubo;
• Elegy;
• etudes;
• choir njengoba ifomu zomculo.

ukuthuthukiswa

Maphakathi nawo-18th wezinsimbi ekhulwini zathathwa nomaphi, futhi Ukwakheka kwabo kunqunywa umqambi. Umbhali umculo kwadingeka ukwakha umkhiqizo wabo ababezithola phansi benze amathuluzi athile, kaningi kwaba nenani elincane kochungechunge lethusi. Kamuva, kwakukhona amaviyo njalo, ngokwanele zahambisana ukuba lula ukuthuthukiswa uhlobo lokukhishwa kwe-symphony nomculo wezinsimbi. Lezi bands baye baba igama, ngahambisa izincwajana kuso sonke njalo sovershestvovalis endaweni elandelayo.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ohlwini umculo izinhlobo, izinkomba entsha eziningana. Lawa kwakungamadodana concertos ngoba negekle futhi kuyi-orchestra, orgána Orchestra nezinye inhlanganisela. Futhi kwakukhona indoda okuthiwa Sinfonietta, emfushane ucezu umculo iqhaza lonke weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba requiem imfashini.

Abaqambi kwesikhathi Classical, Johann Sebastian Bach namadodana akhe, Kristof Glyuk, abameleli Italian kanye Mannheim Opera kwakhiwa isikole saseVienna classical, nakho kufakwe uHaydn, Mozart kanye Beethoven. Ngo imisebenzi lokhu okuyinhloko babe amafomu zakudala symphony, sonata, izingcezu wezinsimbi. Kamuva wasuka ekamelweni ensembles, upiyano trio, quartets ahlukahlukene yezinhlamvu kanye quintets.

SaseVienna classical umculo ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Classical yahamba ngokushelela esikhathini esilandelayo, isikhathi romanticism. abaqambi Abaningi baqala ukuqamba ngendlela khulula, umsebenzi wabo bese zidlulela ngalé kokulimala canons academic esidlule. Kancane kancane nezifiso ezintsha eenkhulwini zaqashelwa ngokuthi "okuyisibonelo".

Ihlola isikhathi

Izinhlobo umculo classic baqhubeka nokuguquguquka, futhi ekugcineni ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo babe kokuhlaziywa zindlela, enikezwe bheke umsebenzi degree yobuciko, inani layo esikhathini esizayo. Umculo eye yazibonakalisa iwusizo iminyaka eminingi, ngempela kufakwe repertoire ekhonsathini cishe yonke wezinsimbi. Kwaba njalo imisebenzi Dmitri Shostakovich.

Ekhulwini le-19 kwake kwazanywa zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo umculo classic, abanye isigaba okuthiwa umculo ukukhanya. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa Awe-Operetta, okuyinto okusheshayo ukubiza "poluklassikoy". Nokho, lolu hlobo ngokushesha yathola uzibuse ngokuphelele, futhi nokwenziwa yikona okwaba akudingekile.