Uyini idatha isibukezo futhi ukulondoloza isikhashana?

Ikhompyutha, maye, akazange asheshe engikhiphela imiyalo, okuyinto yamukelwa kubantu. Ukuze luhambe ngokushesha uhlelo le nqubo isebenzisa ezihlukahlukene tricks, nokuziqhenya indawo phakathi kwabo kungokwalabo Ukulondoloza isikhashana. Kuyini lokhu? Yiziphi nedatha ye-cached? Kanjani empeleni le nqubo ithatha indawo? Yini idatha yenqolobane e smartphone "Samsung", isibonelo, futhi kuhluke kancane kulezo kule khompyutha? Ake uthole phansi ukuthola izimpendulo zale mibuzo.

Kuyini isilondolozi?

Ngakho ngokuthi sesikhashana Lesisemkhatsini, enikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo olwazini, ematfuba ukuthi nombuzo kwakho konke. Yonke idatha equkethwe kuwo. Inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthi kukhishwe ulwazi olufanele kusukela isilondolozi kungaba kakhulu ngokushesha kunokuba kusuka esitolo sokuqala. Kodwa kukhona ethile abalulekile - usayizi. Idatha yenqolobane isetshenziswa iziphequluli, idrayivu kanzima, CPU, web server, iwina, namasevisi e-DNS. Ngesisekelo isakhiwo kukhona recordsets. Ngamunye wabo lihlotshaniswa isici esithile noma idatha unit ukuthi aphume ashone ukukopisha yini kwimemori main. Okufakiwe kufanele isihlonzi (TAG), ngayo nefunda ngayo kunqunywa afanayo. Ake sibheke kancane iphuzu kancane ehlukene: lokho idatha yenqolobane efonini yakho "Samsung" noma enye ngumenzi? Aziyona ihlukile kuleyo ezisesandleni khompyutha? Ngokombono eyisisekelo umbono - hhayi kuphela umehluko ngosayizi.

Inqubo usebenzisa

Lapho iklayenti (babelana efakwe ohlwini ngenhla) ucela idatha, into yokuqala eyenza ikhompyutha - uhlola isilondolozi. Uma oyifunayo entry ke isetshenziswa. Kulezi zimo kukhona hit. Ngezikhathi idatha ukukopishwa isilondolozi ukuze kwimemori main. Kodwa uma irekhodi kudingeka engakaze atholakala, kukhona okuqukethwe search e base-USB. Zonke thatha Imininingwane idluliswe okulondoloza, ukuze ke lungatholakala ngokushesha. Amaphesenti imibuzo yakho ethwele impumelelo, ngokuthi ezingeni noma i-ratio hit.

Iyabuyekeza idatha

Uma usebenzisa, isibonelo, usebenzisa isiphequluli sewebhu iyenziwa cache yendawo ukuthola ikhophi ikhasi. Banikezwe ukulinganiselwa lokhu uhlobo inkumbulo, i miss isinqunyiwe ukulahla ukwaziswa ukuze wenze isikhala. Ukuze anqume kahle ukuthi zizothathelwa indawo, sebenzisa ezahlukene algorithm ukufuduka. By endleleni, uma sikhuluma iqiniso lokuthi lokhu idatha yenqolobane kuya "Android", ukuthi ingxenye enkulu bajwayele ukusebenza ngemifanekiso, futhi idatha yohlelo lokusebenza.

ukubhala Yemfihlo

Phakathi ukuguqulwa okuqukethwe isilondolozi futhi ubuyekeze idatha kwimemori main. Ukubambezeleka isikhathi ezingamabhande yedlula Imininingwane isicelo kuncike izinqubomgomo ukurekhoda. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. ukuqoshwa okuzenzekelayo. ushintsho ngamunye kulotshwe synchronously ukuba kwimemori main.
2. Ibambezelekile noma writeback. Buyekeza idatha aphethwe ngezikhathi ezithile, noma uma icelwa yikhasimende. Ukuze ugcine ithrekhi ngabe satjhugululwa ukusebenzisa uphawu amabili uthi: "ezingcolile" noma ukushintshwa. Endabeni a miss zingenziwa izikhalazo ezimbili okuhloswe inkumbulo main: owokuqala kusetshenziselwe ukuqopha idatha ashintshiwe kusukela isilondolozi, kanti eyesibili - ukufunda into efiselekayo.

Kungase kube yilawo angenza ukuthi ulwazi iba asihlobene sesikhashana Lesisemkhatsini. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho idatha kwimemori main ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko okulondoloza. Ukuze ukungaguquguquki, zonke izinqubo ukuhlela usebenzisa yezifiso kubumbana.

izinselele wesimanje

Nge ukwanda ukuvama izilimi futhi ngakhula inkumbulo ukusebenza, a ezindaweni ezintsha inkinga - ukulinganiselwa esibonakalayo ukudluliswa kwedatha. Yini siqaphela umuntu onolwazi? inkumbulo Inqolobane iyasiza uma imvamisa kuba esingaphansi RAM e wokugaya. Abaningi babo khona baneHholo sesikhashana Lesisemkhatsini ukunciphisa ukufinyelela isikhathi imemori, okuyinto kancane kuka amarejista. I-CPU ukuthi ukusekela virtual ekhuluma, ngokuvamile beka elincane kodwa fast kakhulu sesikhashana ikheli wokuhumusha. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, isilondolozi akusizi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudala kuphela izinkinga (kodwa ngokuvamile amakhompyutha, okuyinto eziye zabhekana inguqulo-non-professional). Ikhuluma ngalokho is idatha yenqolobane ku-smartphone yakho, i-NGO waphawula ukuthi ngenxa ubukhulu elincane idivayisi kuyadingeka ukudala entsha miniature isilondolozi ukuqaliswa. Manje ezinye amafoni kungaba ozibongayo nemingcele njengoba eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, eziphambili ikhompyutha - kodwa yeka umehluko ngobukhulu babo!

Vumelanisa idatha phakathi isebenza ezahlukene

Isilondolozi kuyasiza uma umuntu, futhi kanjani ukuba silondoloze ukuphumelela kwalesi ubuchwepheshe, uma eziningi kubo? Lokhu inkinga isixazululekile sesikhashana coherency. Kukhona ezintathu ongakhetha yokushintshisana idatha yilezi:

1. Womanyano. Isilondolozi singaziphatha ngokungathi oyithandayo.
2. Exclusive. Njengoba iklanyelwe i-esimweni ngasinye ethize.
3. Non-okukhethekile. indinganiso ezithile ezamukelwa kabanzi.

amazinga isilondolozi

Inombolo yabo ngokuvamile alinganayo zingena ngantathu noma ngazine. Kukhula ezingeni inkumbulo, ngakho-ke kuba bulkier futhi kancane:

1. L1 isilondolozi. Indlela esheshayo isilondolozi ezingeni - lokuqala. Eqinisweni, iyingxenye wokugaya njengoba itholakala ku-chip olulodwa, futhi siphathelene amabhlogo umsebenzi. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: imfundo isilondolozi nedatha. izilimi eziningi zanamuhla azisebenzi ngaphandle alolu. Lokhu isilondolozi usebenza imvamisa processor, ngakho-ke ukubhekisela kungase enze umjikelezo zewashi.
2. L2 isilondolozi. Ngokuvamile zitholakala kanye lowo odlule. A ahlukene inkumbulo izindawo. Ukuze uthole ukuthi inani layo, udinga wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu, kunikezwe ngaphansi idatha enqolobaneni, ihlukaniswe ngenani cores, elisesifundeni processor.
3. L3 isilondolozi. Slow, kodwa isilondolozi enkulu engaphansi. Ngokuvamile, ezingaphezu kuka-24 MB. Isetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa imininingwane abayithole izinqolobane ezahlukene ezingeni lesibili.
4. L4 isilondolozi. Sebenzisa ulungisiswa kuphela ephezulu ukusebenza multiprocessing amaseva futhi mainframes. Ukuqalisa ke njengendlela chip ehlukile. Uma ubuza umbuzo ukuthi ulondoloza okwesikhashana idatha ku-smartphone "Samsung" nokubheka ke, alolu - ngingasho ukuthi iminyaka 5 ngokunembile ugijimele.

isilondolozi associativity

Lokhu kuwuphawu ayisisekelo. Associativity idatha eligcinwe ngesinye isibukezo iyadingeka ukubonisa izingxenye okunengqondo. Yena, kuyadingeka ngenxa yokuthi scan ezilandelanayo zabo bonke imigqa ekhona Kuthatha amashumi imijikelezo futhi kuletha hhayi zonke izinzuzo. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa RAM amaseli ukunamathela eqinile nakho ngeke kusize okulondoloza idatha, ukuze banciphise isikhathi yokusesha. Uma siqhathanisa isebenza Lesisemkhatsini kukhona umthamo ofanayo kodwa associativity ezahlukene, lowo okukuye wayengenayise intando omkhulu ukusebenza ngaphansi ngokushesha, kodwa nge nekghono enkulu ethize.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, idatha eligcinwe ngesinye isibukezo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ivumela ikhompyutha yakho ukwenza ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke ngeshwa, kusekhona impela eningi izici lapho ungakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside.