EKamchatka intabamlilo Sheveluch: Ulwazi Basic

Shiveluch iyona esisenyakatho mlilo e eKamchatka, futhi enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu kule nhlonhlo. I ububanzi kwesisekelo salo ingamakhilomitha angu-mahlanu. Siqukethe sengathi izingxenye ezimbili - Old kanye Shiveluch Young.

Ubukhulu intaba-mlilo yakudala

Old eKamchatka intabamlilo Shiveluch kuyinto stratovolcano. Yena eligoqiwe impahla indawo-grained, okuyizinto interbedded nge lava. It ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele engokwemvelo isakhiwo mgodi ubukhulu ezinkulu okuyinto amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngezinye wakhe walondoloza kahle kakhulu, ukuphakama yabo kuhluka amakhulu kumamitha angu-ikhilomitha elilodwa nesigamu endaweni kwesizini yokunika main. Ngo inqubo kumiswa lalo ukusuka emhlabeni waphonswa phezu ayisithupha cubic emakhilomitha impahla pyroclastic oye lasakazekela endaweni kahle esikhulu: efika embhedeni eKamchatka River nangale.

Ubukhulu intabamlilo abasha

Ezansi lo mgodi onqenqemeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuba nentaba-mlilo omncane engenathi Sheveluch. It imelelwa eziningana tho domes extrusive (Double, Suelich, Central nabanye) amancane lava notshwala, ezithinta andesite futhi andezitodatsitovy izingoma. I ububanzi base Ukwakheka kwezitho amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa. Ngo-1964 kwaba khona ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo Sheveluch, ngenxa yokuqhuma eqinile, la domes babhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele, futhi kwasungulwa wentaba omkhulu kabili endaweni yawo. Ubukhulu bayo kwaba 1.7 amakhilomitha enyakatho futhi angu-2 kuya eningizimu. Lokhu kuqhuma waphoswa ekujuleni impahla, okuyinto isembatho okuqinile imali kwi emthambekeni eseningizimu, umthamo wayo - kusuka ngamamitha eyodwa mahlanu. Ukusabalala wayephezu amakhulu amakhilomitha square, kanye nenani - isigamu sekhilomitha cubic. Ngo-1980, enyakatho wentaba isibe entsha ifomu extrusive Dome, esakhiwa andesite. Ukwanda yale mfundo uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Yena kuhambisana ukuqhuma ezihlukahlukene amandla. I amaningi asebenzayo nokukhama Dome kwenzeka ngo-1993. Khona-ke wathatha cishe nayo yonke insimu wentaba-mlilo esenyakatho.

Umlando ukuvela mlilo

Ngaphandle kokuzibekela umkhawulo kulokho okuqhubekayo isakhiwo, intaba-mlilo Sheveluch isibaluli izakhiwo wentaba-mlilo ekilasini Somma-mlilo iVesuvius. Lokhu Ukwakheka isakhiwo ngobukhulu yalolu hlobo. Ukuvela nokuthuthukisa intabamlilo, izazi zokuma komhlaba kusolakala ukuthi kwenzeka ngesikhathi Upper Pleistocene, eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule. Okusemqoka kakhulu nokuqhuma inhlekelele kwenzeke ngezikhawu eyikhulu - iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Elokugcina kwenzeka ngo-1854 no-1964, okungukuthi, esingaba iminyaka 110. amandla okulingene nokuqhuma ababuthakathaka zenzeka kaningi, ngokuvamile ephelezelwa ukukhula domes extrusive. Lokhu waphawula okwamanje.

Ulwazi oluvamile: lapho intabamlilo Sheveluch?

Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo nevolumu imikhiqizo igneous imvamisa nokuqhuma eqinile impahla ukususwa izinga ukwakheka zemvelo ingenye esiyingqayizivele kunazo eKamchatka-mlilo namakhaza Kuriles. Lesi senzo into Geological lasendulo - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu kule nhlonhlo. Sheveluch elise amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili enyakatho Klyuchevskoy. Itholakala kwi emfuleni eKamchatka, phakathi ngilulekela ngoba eziningi emakhilomitha ezisezansi, embozwe nasemaxhaphozini. Uma phambi umculi kwaba ukuyichazela ngesimo ukuphila into yemvelo soniwe, okubi exhegwini, khona-ke ubuntu kufanele uthathe Shiveluch. Lena into yemvelo enkulu, ehlanganisa zokwakheka oyindilinga zinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nobudala, izigodi furrowed, imigodi yezintaba-mlilo futhi ukwehluleka, okuyinto khona izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka, usaqhubeka yaqhuma ngezikhathi ukuqhuma esiyinhlekelele, wabhubhisa bonke ukuphila.

izingxenye ukwakha

Ngemva ukwakheka Isigaxa oyinhloko le ntaba-mlilo ngenxa ukwehluleka nokuqhuma eseningizimu kwaba ekwakhekeni mgodi enkulukazi. Ngaphakathi, kwakukhona Isigaxa abasha. Kamuva ngawo lowo mgodi eyinhloko rose omunye mgodi-wentaba. It phephetha ingxenye Isigaxa abasha. Lapha kule ndawo, njengoba ezicashile kakhulu, waqala ukuthatha indawo ukuqhuma esilandelayo. Eyayisekhona we Isigaxa lasendulo ubizwa ngokuthi "isiqongo main", kuba iphuzu esiphezulu into umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. A Isigaxa abasebasha ibizwa ngokuthi "phezulu wentaba". Shiveluch ukuphakama endaweni ephakeme kakhulu 3.335 metres, futhi abasha ingxenye - 2700 amamitha.

Umlando nokuqhuma

Lokhu kuqhuma intaba-mlilo ku eKamchatka Sheveluch inhlekelele. Ekhulwini elidlule, kwekhabhoni kwenzeka ngo-1925, 1944, 1950, 1964. Lokhu kuqhuma odlule kwaba esifushane kakhulu, kodwa uqine kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho i ifu alufakwa kwasuswa ku pyatnadtsatikilometrovuyu ukuphakama ngalapho olwandle. Uhlonze lwalo njalo besika umbani elikhanyayo. Yonke indawo empumalanga intaba-mlilo, kuze Ust-Kamchatsk nangale, babengenawo ugesi wokukhanyisa ezindlini. Inani elikhulu kakhulu edwaleni esingu ukuthi ukhiphe ku ibanga 15-ikhilomitha, it is embozwe awugqinsi ungqimba phansi ukuthi izindawo safinyelela eziningana ukuze amashumi amamitha. Zonke sezihlahla namahlathi ayebhalwa wangcwatshwa noma zishiswe konke okuphilayo wayengakwazi ukuba bathuthukele abalekele noma ngendiza, abulawa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinyoni nezilwane eziningi obungalindela indlela lokuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo: khasa aphume ezidlekeni zawo, isiqala ukubonakala ukukhathazeka, efuna ukuphuma ezakhiweni. Ngakho, ukuqhuma esiyinhlekelele intaba-mlilo Sheveluch kwandulelwe ukunyakaza zokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-November 1964, okwaqala ngenyanga ngaphambi amagesi ngokwabo. zonke umfutho wabo kwandisa usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Futhi izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi ukuqhuma inombolo safinyelela engaphezu kwekhulu ngosuku. baziphatha njengokungathi kahle ngesikhathi izilwane?

Izindaba asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu

Nakhu umzingeli A. wendawo Chudinov (ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-nesishiyagalolunye ubudala). Kwaphela izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume kungabonwa okukhulu futhi engavamile kakhulu ushintsho amabhere ebhange kwesokunxele emfuleni ibhange kwesokudla zaseKamchatka esigodini. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-November, zonke izilwane walala ubuthongo basebusika, kodwa umbono lapho esongelwa inhlekelele ophoqelelwe them hamba zinemiphandu babo obufudumele owakhiwe futhi ukuya elambile futhi abandayo ehlathini ebusika ngabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ibhange kwesokudla khudlwana inani nezinye izilwane ezifana onogwaja, izimpungushe. Ngokusobala, nabo bafudukela aphume Shiveluch.

Vele bakwazi zibukeke ukubona bandisa inkonzo zokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphambi nje kokuqala intabamlilo. Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela izindaba izakhamuzi Keys, elise kahle ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kuye kwabonakala ku ebusweni, ichibi elikhulu ice-embozwe Kurchazhnoe amanga ngakolunye uhlangothi lomfula, siphasise uchungechunge amagagasi.

Ngemva ukuqhuma ngo-1964 umsebenzi fumarolic kuphela baphawula phezu SHEVELUCH. Intaba-mlilo ngokwawo e sezwe nzima, vakashela uhambo lwakhe ezingavamile.

2014 th

Ekuseni ngo-June 1, 2014 intaba-mlilo Sheveluch abenziwa baba namandla umlotha ukuqhuma. ukuphakama kwakhe kwaba amakhilomitha angaphezu kwayisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho fu elinobuthi yaqala ukusakaza bebheke eningizimu-mpumalanga maqondana Kamchatsky bay. Namuhla, le izinto Geological eyabelwe Ikhodi Orange (ayingozi kakhulu). umsebenzi wayo laliqala ukwanda ngo-2009, kodwa kulokhu zenzeke kuwo phezulu kumiswa 30 amamitha ukujula emfantwini. Zisekelwe enanini lasebekhulile emsebenzini zokuzamazama komhlaba, ososayensi waphetha ngokuthi okwamanje is "ukulungiselela" ukuze uthole enye i kuqhuma enamandla Shiveluch.