"Okusuke ngobunyoninco", Pushkin: ukuhlolisiswa. Inkondlo "okusuke ngobunyoninco"

Inkondlo "okusuke ngobunyoninco", abantu abaningi abakubheka njengomklamo omunye wemisebenzi impikiswano iningi Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Ukucabanga imbongi ezithinta isihloko obuhlungu kunayo - zenkolo. Wazama ukuze abonise le umfundi ukuthi abayizimpumputhe ukunamathela umbhedesho, engaqondi ukuthi kakusikho kwesiqokoqela sokholo ngokunjalo kuholela ukujivaza umuntu ukuthi umuntu angalawula ukwazi engenabuntu abantu.

Umlando yokubhala inkondlo "okusuke ngobunyoninco" (Pushkin)

Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi kumele iqale ngokuthi umlando ukuloba kwakhe, ukuqonda izisusa imbongi. Lapho ebuya izixhumanisi eningizimu msebenzi obalulekile Pushkin iminyaka 2 ngaphezulu ukuze ube kude isikhathi ekudingisweni abazimisele e ifa lomndeni Mikhailovskoye. Zokuzithandela ngoba uzibhekele yisijaka ke abangele uyise.

Alexander wayeyindoda nge ingqondo enelukuluku futhi nje ngizithola ejele bahluleka. Wakha umsebenzi okunzima, behambela omakhelwane kanye uyakuhlupha bekhuluma. Kwakumelwe abantu abathembekile, abaningi imbongi isinyathelo ekhululekile futhi deign ukukhuluma ngezihloko ayilungile kwezombusazwe. Kubandakanya - zenkolo.

Izingxoxo nabantu uPraskovya Osipova

Mhlawumbe interlocutor umnandi kakhulu Pushkin kwaba uPraskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, umnikazi wezwe umakhelwane. Wayekuthanda amazwi izinkondlo Pushkin mayelana nemvelo, inkondlo ngokujulile. Lo wesifazane waba ingqondo enhle yayiwukuba eziyibonayo futhi, ukuze kujabule wezinkondlo, bayithanda kakhulu inkolo. Amaqembu wayechitha amahora disputirovat ashisayo okholweni. Ekugcineni, Pushkin isinqumo ukuveza izizathu zabo evesini, ebhalwe ngo-1825, i-9-isahluko inkondlo "okusuke ngobunyoninco".

Pushkin ukuhlaziya inkolo eyakhelwe incazelo yaleli imibhalo ngobunyoninco - incwadi engcwele amaSulumane. Isahluko ngasinye kusekelwe umlando ethile ekuphileni nezenzo of the Prophet Muhammad. Kuyinto ongaziwa ukuthi umbhali brilliant uPraskovya Alexandrovna uphethe ngokuthi ilungelo, kodwa ukufuthelana mpikiswano phakathi ozakwabo nje abayifunayo.

Isifinyezo emfushane

Nakuba umlobi ngokuhlakanipha njengoba ukucabanga ezibucayi wakhetha ukholo angaphandle, umsebenzi okubangelwa impendulo resonant. Kube ezimweni ezingavamile lapho kwakukhona ebucayini cacisa iziphetho imbongi. Ingabe lezi Pushkin ngamehlo engqondo? "Okusuke ngobunyoninco" kuthinta imizwa yabo ejulile ngokushesha kakhulu ukuthi ibalulekile abantu abathembekile.

Uma uthi nhlá, lokhu kudalwa izenzo ukuhlanya komprofethi. Kodwa kwanele cabanga umbhalo, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi indaba imayelana abantu abavamile bephoqeleka ukuba silalele nezimfundiso zifa kanye wamukela nemithetho kokholo Muslim. Kungani Islam iqhawe kumelwe nibaphundle inkemba nokufa ngaphandle kokwazi izimbangela zempi, ngethemba lokuthi "Babusisiwe labahlantekile kwamaqhawe phakathi kokulwa?" Ngoba yikuphi abesifazane abasha Muslim ukuba babe "abafazi ukuhlanza umprofethi", awusona ukungashadi?

Ngemva kokufunda iba leitmotif ecacile isebenza "okusuke ngobunyoninco". Ivesi uxwayisa ngokuthi ngenkathi kholwa njalo ulandele imiyalo, kunabantu abasebenzisa basanguluke ukuze kuzuzwe siqu imigomo zabo zobugovu.

Pushkin - ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona?

"Vuka, ukwesaba" - izingcingo ku imbongi. "Ngalesi bonke impendulo eqonde" - onjalo phambili impikiswano ungavumelani isikhalazo peremptory Pushkin. On ke kukhona amakholwa efanelekayo ethi: ". UKesari futhi kuNkulunkulu onkulunkulu"

Ukubhala "okusuke ngobunyoninco", Pushkin ukuhlaziywa kuwukuziphikisa zenkolo imvelo umbukiso. Bonke abantu baqonda ukuthi incazelo engokomfanekiso umbhalo. Nakuba sikhuluma Islam, kusho noma iyiphi ukholo (kuhlanganise Orthodox). Yezimo abhekene wacabanga kuphakama Alexander - umuntu ophika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu (njengoba ezikhathini tsarist sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi lokuvukela umbuso). Nokho, akuyona. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Pushkin ukuhlonipha abantu yenkolo futhi akazange aphikisane zonke izinkolo. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukukhulekela izimpumputhe ungakuvumeli ukuba ukukhanyiselwa okungokomoya. ngokuba nje uyazi yena njengomuntu, ungafinyelela kuNkulunkulu.

Ukuhambisana umbhalo inkondlo iKoran

Ngakho kanjani ukuhlaziya? "Okusuke ngobunyoninco" phakathi abalobi kubhekwa nzima umsebenzi, ngoba umbhalo kusekelwe ngobunyoninco. Akwanele ukwazi izindima zonke izincwadi ezingcwele ukuthi Pushkin esetshenziswa uma ubhala inkondlo, idinga kuvisisa butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela Islam. ucwaningo oluningana luye lwabonisa ukuthi eminye quatrains elandelayo kahle impela logic of ngobunyoninco futhi kususelwe incazelo enembile yombhalo yale ncwadi. Nokho, Pushkin bekungeke kube, kodwa ngokuletha inkululeko cazelo of umbhalo ongcwele amaSulumane, ikakhulukazi kusukela okushiwo inkondlo kusho ushintsho oluthile, ukuvuselelwa, renunciation ka nezimfundiso.

Ukuze siqonde ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngendlela engakholeki of cazelo umsebenzi, musa ukubheka lonke ivesi Pushkin sika "okusuke ngobunyoninco", futhi okungenani ezinye quatrains. Cycle, ebhalwe ngo-1824, siqukethe izahluko ayisishiyagalolunye. Uvula Esahlukweni sokuqala, "ngu izithandani lingalingani, futhi ...", ehlanganisa quatrains ezine:

Ngiyafunga mbhangqwana, ngisho,

Ngenkemba futhi impi kwesokudla,

Ngiyafunga inkanyezi yokusa,

Ngu umthandazo kusihlwa:

Cha, angizange ngikushiye.

Ubani omunye emthunzini ngabandayo

Ngingene, inhloko yakhe ngothando,

Futhi ezifihlakele kusukela Gonen elindile?

Angazi eh bazithela ukoma nsuku zonke

Wena ukuchitha amanzi?

Angikho ngolimi lwakho kuphela isikhali endowed

Amandla anamandla izingqondo?

Yimani isibindi ke, adelele inkohliso,

Landela ezindleleni zokulunga ngokwenama,

Thanda izintandane Quran yami

Ukwesaba isidalwa ukukhala.

Uhlaziyo jikelele ukuhlaziywa kwesahluko sokuqala

Ingqikithi yalo izazi imbongi omkhulu ukuthola afanayo emigqeni eyabhalwa Pushkin, amavesi ngobunyoninco. Okungukuthi, ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi base ulwazi wathembela imbongi ekuvezeni imisebenzi "okusuke ngobunyoninco". Ivesi nzima ukufunda, ngakho ochwepheshe umnandi kakhulu.

Okokuqala, kwathi izithombe emaphakathi ukuhlaziywa kwesahluko sokuqala: "Gonen oneso" futhi "onamandla" "ezingqondweni" kolimi - bengekho Qur'an. Khonamanjalo kwencika kombhalo wokuqala kanye esigaba lokugcina inkondlo kusukela Quran akuyona ungaqiniseki. Njengoba uma silindele isithakazelo baxgeki kulo msebenzi, Pushkin kwesokunxele kafushane ezimbalwa, okwasiza ochwepheshe zihlolisisa esinembile. "Okusuke ngobunyoninco", isibonelo, iqukethe inothi ivesi lokuqala imbongi: "Kwezinye izindawo Qur'an, Allah ofunga izinselo we mares, isithelo kuwo umkhiwane: nenkululeko eMecca. Strange ngalelijika bokukhuluma itholakala ngobunyoninco njalo ngomzuzu. "

Abaseduze inhloko ngowokuqala esigaba 89. iMiyalo, okuyinto uNkulunkulu unika le nkondlo nomprofethi wakhe, eyayithe chithi saka umbhalo Qur'an. Konke abacwaningi imisebenzi waphawula anobuhlobo obuseduze ngokukhethekile futhi esigaba lokugcina umugqa wokuqala quatrain yesibili izahluko 93 Quran: "INkosi yakho akazange ngikushiye ... 'Ungamcindezeli intandane, musa otemli imvuthu zokugcina nokuba mpofu kuya ngokuthi, nimemezele kuwe emseni kaNkulunkulu." Evesini 2, no-3 kuyinto ukuhlanganisa ngqo Quran boni ngakho.

Kudluliswa quatrain yesibili inkondlo "Mbumbulu ngobunyoninco" (Pushkin)

Ukuhlolwa kwaleli ingxenye ukubangela izinkinga. Kuyo sikhuluma Ukuphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso woshushiso, kodwa pushkinoveda hhayi ngempela ukuqonda, ezinye izindaba ezivela ngobunyoninco kuyiqiniso. Tomashensky umcwaningi, isibonelo, wagomela ngokuthi umbhalo ofanayo ngobunyoninco khona. Nokho, abafundi ayekanye nabo baveza ukuthi Quran kukhona izinkomba nokusukela, isibonelo:

• Isahluko 8: "UNkulunkulu futhi umprofethi wakhe kwaholela ethembekileyo ukubeka ephephile futhi wathumela phansi amabutho ukuze ajezise infidels."
• 9 Isahluko: "Ngokushesha nje lapho kokubili baphephela emhumeni, uMohammed ukududuzwa minion yakhe," Musa setuy, uNkulunkulu unathi ".

Nokho, ushushiso infidels Mohammed kuyakhulunywa Qur'an kakhulu kafushane. Fomichev wasikisela ukuba Pushkin ongasebenzisa Biography of Muhammad iKoran, elihunyushwe olimini lwesiFulentshi, Dushkin ezitholakala umtapo. Le ncwadi ichaza kwezinye ngokuningiliziwe indlela Muhammad nomngane wakhe wafihla emhumeni ngenkathi ebalekela Mecca, futhi uNkulunkulu wamvusa ngokuyisimangaliso emnyango esihlahleni emhumeni. Ufuna emhumeni futhi wabona ukuthi umnyango cobwebby yakhe nokuthi ijuba lihlehliselwe amaqanda khona, abashushisi baye banquma uye eside lapho akekho oweza wadlula.

Ubunye Izinkolo?

Mhlawumbe ivesi Pushkin sika "okusuke ngobunyoninco" kunzima ukuze ahumushe, ngenxa yokuthi imbongi ongene umsebenzi ezinganekwaneni iKoran nje kuphela kodwa futhi zeTestamente Elidala. Ngemva Pushkin ngekuhlonipha zonke izinkolo. Amazwi "Zorka ukushushiswa" asikhumbuza omunye ukuphishekela - ukushushiswa uFaro waseGibhithe, Mose akhe ntu ngesikhathi ngokufuduka eGibhithe.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uma udala inkondlo yakhe Pushkin wayebhekisela kweBhayibheli ka owela yasoLwandle Olubomvu, ekuboneni Prophet Mohammed nomprofethi uMose. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu salokhu ukuhlonza isivele elotshwe ngobunyoninco, lapho uMose azibonisa njengoba kwandulela Muhammad: Allah ukhumbuza njalo Mohammed somanduleli wakhe omkhulu, umprofethi wakhe wokuqala - uMose. Akwenzekanga ngephutha ukuthi incwadi "Eksodusi" lapho isenzo uMose wachaza izwe, liphuma, izikhonzi eziningi lathathwa iBhayibheli kuyiKoran.

Ukuhlaziya quatrain wesithathu

Umugqa wokuqala walesi quatrain abacwaningi kwehlisa ngevesi 11 ka isahluko 8 ngobunyoninco: "Ningakukhohlwa ... Kako sa phansi chichiza bhakabhaka ngesigezo wena, ukuze nihlanze futhi wamsindisa u diyavola nobubi". Nokho, Pushkin kuziwa ukuze ucime ukoma, hhayi kuwe kuhlantwa "amanzi ehlane, kunokuba amanzi, ezithunyelwe zivela ezulwini.

Mhlawumbe Pushkin salisikisela elinye isiko: kanye endleleni phakathi Medina futhi Damaskom Magomet ayengayisebenzisa Ketha up ibhakede lamanzi kusukela Ukoma kokusakaza, kodwa ngokuthulula emuva luwuphendule linothile Napo yonke impi. Kodwa Qur'an, lesisiqephu ayitholakali. Ngakho-ke, eziningi abacwaningi beqhathanisa Umugqa wokuqala esigaba sesithathu nendaba abadumile kweBhayibheli ukuthi uMose waphuzisa abantu, buthaka nangokoma ehlane, eshaya ngenduku itshe, okuyindawo wamanzi, kunjalo uNkulunkulu emyalile. Ngo Qur'an, lesisiqephu eshiwo kabili (Izahluko 2 futhi 7).

Nokho - IBhayibheli?

Ake ubuyele emuva prehistory. Yikuphi wafuna Pushkin? "Okusuke ngobunyoninco" wazalwa ngo Umninindawo izingxabano nge Osipova mayelana ithonya lenkolo tebantfu. Imbongi evesini waveza umbono waKhe. Mhlawumbe Pushkin wakucabangela ukuthi Osipova izindaba eduze waseBhayibhelini, noma wakuthola ezithakazelisayo ukuhlanganisa izinkolo eziningana, noma ukubonisa ukuthi zonke izinkolo abazalwa efanayo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngenkathi usebenza kuma ochungechungeni "okusuke ngobunyoninco" e Pushkin kukhona isidingo siphenye iBhayibheli ezaziwayo. "Ngisebenza ngoba inkazimulo ngobunyoninco" - Pushkin wabhalela umfowabo incwadi, obuhlehlela kusukela izinombolo wokuqala ongahambanga kahle ngoNovemba 1824. Kamuva, ekuqaleni kwawo-20 ka-November, wabuza umzalwane wakhe ukuthumela kuye incwadi, "IBhayibheli, iBhayibheli! French futhi izindlela. " Ngokusobala, umjikelezo yokusebenza Pushkin wathumba njengoba Motifs Muslim nengokomBhalo.

isiphetho

Abayithandayo zezinkondlo liphefumulelwe isosha esihlatshelelwayo izinkondlo Pushkin mayelana nothando, bethuthumela futhi nemvelo ezimibalabala. Kodwa Pushkin, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isakhamuzi, isazi sefilosofi, wayecabangisisa. A fighter elwa nokungabi nabulungisa, yisihluku, ukucindezelwa. Umkhiqizo "okusuke ngobunyoninco" saphuziswa umoya wenkululeko, obiza "Vuka, unamahloni!"