Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": isifinyezo

Kukhona amabhuku ezingenziwanga ezikhishwe kusukela ekuqaleni ukujola ekhasini lokugcina. Abenzi kuphela ayisheshi lapho isikhulile, kodwa kunalokho, ukuletha awunakuthokoza kancane kabusha ukufundwa. Lezi imisebenzi ezithinta inhliziyo futhi wonke umuntu ephoqeleka uyevelana namaqhawe, ngisho balilele nabulungisa ukudalelwa. Le ncwadi, lapho ukwenza amafilimu kanye opopayi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Omunye wabo iyona "Ranger", sifinyeto okuyinto bonke abalandeli uhlobo Western ezaziwayo.

A amazwi ambalwa ngomdali

Umbhali umsebenzi, kanye uchungechunge Natty Bumppo - Fenimor Kuper. Lena zakudala kwezincwadi American uhlobo adventure, umsunguli we isitayela "Western". Wakhulela e-isikhathi lapho bamakoloni abangu siqala anqobe Melika, ngakho wayazi ukuphila amaNdiya kanye zifiki emhlophe. Emehlweni akhe lwavutha idrama ekubhujisweni Redskins ayemthanda futhi ehlonishwa. Wayezwelana ngempela nabo, besho nokusho ukuthi lokhu kungabi nabulungisa, walwa nalo ngepeni yakhe. Kodwa, ngeshwa, wayengeke akwazi ukushintsha.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kunamathuba amakhulu okuba incwadi yokuqala yomlobi (ngemva kwaso nezinye imisebenzi) "Pathfinder." Amazwibela neze ukwazi ukudlulisela emkhathini, okuyinto ingamamitha umfundi bacwiliswa Amakhasi izincwadi. Kufanele ufunde futhi kabusha ufunde yonke into. Kungcono-ke.

Ngakho, iSonto LamaRoma Kuper yokuqala kaJohane, wabhala, waxabana nomkakhe, kodwa injani. Futhi abafundi beza ukunambitha uhlobo olusha lonke. Ngakho-ke, uJakobe kwadingeka lutho ukwenza umsebenzi ngokwengeziwe emkhakheni izincwadi.

Umfanekiso Amasokisi Isikhumba

uhlamvu ekhangayo adalwe F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", a emfushane iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi okuqukethwe, izingxoxo mayelana Natty Bumpo. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi yokufakelwa kakhulu, njengoba umlobi uthambekela ihaba futhi romanticizing zabangenacala. Nokho, kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi amehlo Amasokisi Isikhumba kwenza umlando, lapho iqhaza. Nokho, yayingathandi inyumbazane "evamile" umphakathi European. Kungani? Ngoba wayeyisidalwa alien ngemishophi eyinhloko besikhathi sakhe: i-ukuhahela isikhundla, ukuhaha, ukungabi nabulungisa, amanga. Akakwazi bakwemukele nabo kakhulu, lokhu ngokuzithandela renounces umphakathi futhi uthola ukuthula kuphela phakathi abantu abafana naye, okungukuthi amaNdiya. Reality ngokuvamile wazama ambuyisele impucuko, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi umlingisi uyadumala kanzima. Futhi kuthi ekhasini lokugcina Nathaniel umjikelezo uselokhu impisi oyedwa, obefuna we umqondo womuntu.

Fenimor Kuper "Pathfinder": isifinyezo

Manje sekuyisikhathi ukukhumbula ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni encwadini, eyabhalwa F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", sifinyeto okuyinto thina ukuchaza liyincwadi wesithathu umjikelezo. Emakhasini noveli umfundi uzobona izinhlamvu ajwayelekile kusukela imisebenzi yokuqala Natty Bumpo futhi Chingachgook, kanye bajwayelane izinhlamvu ezintsha. Kuhle Meybl Dunhem, itilosi abanesibindi Charlz Kep (amanzi anosawoti), Dzhasper abasha Uestern futhi Native umbhangqwana ukushayisa Umcibisholo Rosa futhi Juni. Le noveli senzeka loMfula olunothile Lake Ontario.

Uma isifinyezo tigameko ngekulandzelana incwadi "Ranger", itshela emzabalazweni ngethonya phakathi French kanye nayo iBritish, okwakubekelwa ukudonselwa ukungqubuzana nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele. Ngalesi sikhathi, intombazane esencane Meybl Dunhem uyaqhubeka uhambo ukubona uyise, owayekhonza emboniselweni. Ohambweni lakhe, umalume wakhe, itilosi futhi Guides amaNdiya Tuscarora. Endleleni behlangabezana up amadoda amabili abamhlophe Redhead. Kwakuwusuku Isikhumba Stockings, Chingachgook futhi Jasper itilosi. uyise Thuli sika wabathuma ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Mayelana nendlela iqembu abahambi wathutha ezijulile Melika, futhi uthi, "Pathfinder". Isifinyezo noveli kufanele senze umfundi, ukwenza ukuthatha leli bhuku ezandleni zakho bese ufunda yayiqeda.

uthando unrequited

Endleleni iqembu enesibindi ezamehlela esiyingozi silindele: amanzi ibhuloho, skirmishes ne Iroquois. Kodwa lapho befinyelela umgomo, kuvela ukuthi kuzoqhutshwa. Jasper Young osolwa ukuhlola, kanye nobaba wentombazane enquma ukushada Pathfinder wakhe. Nathaniel yena crazy in love with Magni, ujabulisa ngempela ukwenza umshado wakhe isiphakamiso. Kodwa enqaba. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuhlaselwa isiFulentshi (hlola empeleni ukushayisa Umcibisholo), elambulala Usayitsheni Dunhema. Yena bequeaths indodakazi yakhe ukuba ashade Stockings Isikhumba, futhi evuma. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyaqaphela ukuthi Mable ongamthandi kuye, kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside Jasper bekungunyaka okhethiweyo enhliziyweni yakhe. Ngakho ephula off ukubandakanyeka, futhi uyayibusisa abathandi.

Uma ufunda kafushane lokho kakhulu ( "Ranger"), ungakwazi yini ukuthi umshado kwaba uzibuthe futhi Jasper, futhi Nathaniel uhalalisele kubo futhi wanyamalala. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, owesifazane osemusha uhamba nezingane, wabona sibalo ibanga, kufana kakhulu okusikhumbuza nomngane wakhe wakudala. Wabe esebuza abendawo mayelana ekabani. Wangitshela elafika edume hunter ngelika Pathfinder. Magni realized lowo he was abakwazi ukuyeka kwakhe kothando.

Cycle I Leatherstocking Stocking

Fenimor Kuper akagcinanga isithombe elihle umuntu yini owenza umlando. Wachaza yonke impilo iqhawe lakhe egcwele adventure kanye ingozi, ubunzima nokukhungatheka, injabulo kanye nosizi. Ukudalelwa Nathaniel ukulingana ezincwadini ezinhlanu, okuyinto ukutshela mayelana esemncane yomdlali, ezikhulayo sakhe ukuguga. Futhi kanye isiphetho umbhali Isikhumba Amasokisi kuchazwa ukuphila of America, inzondo phakathi kwabantu okungenzeka abakholelwa izinto ngcebo makhulu. Yena sketched isiphetho nezikulu insensitivity, futhi ukunqoba le mpi nokuzisola eqoshiwe ukushintsha indlela umkhuba.

Pyatilogiya

Sizokwenza ukwethula uhlu lwezincwadi ukuthi zifakwe umjikelezo, izindaba ngohlelo lokulandelana, njengoba zazilotshwe ngezikhathi ezehlukene.

• "Wort iSt John sika, noma indlela yokuqala impi" - noveli Nathaniel nesikhombisa noma nesishiyagalombili iminyaka. Incwadi ayebhalwe 1841.
• "The Last of the Mohicans, noma indaba ngonyaka 1757". Umdlali oyinhloko iminyaka 32-34, futhi inoveli yanyatheliswa ngo 1826.
• "Pathfinder ngaphambi kwalokho, noma ogwini lalo Ontario" lapho abalingiswa cishe 35-38 iminyaka. Ucezu okulotshwe 1840s.
• "Amaphayona, noma enemisuka Saskuihanny" uchaza ukuphila Nathaniel eminyakeni 67-68. Le noveli uvele 1823.
• "Prairie (ISINYATHELO)" - incwadi yokugcina zomsebenzi, okuyinto ngesikhathi elandisayo iminyaka 78-79. It yanyatheliswa ngo-1827.

Ukuthandwa-Union

Kufanele kuqashelwe, ukuthi amanoveli ka Fenimore Cooper yayithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi eSoviet Union ngokukhethekile. On isiRashiya yencwadi okokuqala mina wahumusha AO Ishimova phakathi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi baye ngokuphindaphindiwe ishicilelwe. On the izindikimba we Isikhumba-Stocking wathwebula ama-movie opopayi, ekhiqizwa brand. Futhi kuyafaneleka ukuthi amaqhawe Cooper esingabulethela esibukweni eziningi abadlali. Izingane wafunda amanoveli ngaphansi kohlelo esikoleni, bese kudlalwa egcekeni, eveza iqhawe abanesibindi nabangani bakhe.

okufushane Wezingane

Ngokungangabazeki, imisebenzi James Fenimore Cooper sika eyenzelwe intsha nezingane abasesikoleni esiphakeme. Kodwa abafundi abasha angahlola umhlaba emangalisayo bemvelo. Kungenzeka ukuthi "Tales of the Pathfinder" yakhe, sifinyeto ngazo nathi cabanga Skrebitsky waloba ngaphansi kokuphefumulelwa ngemva kokufunda ukuzidela Natty Bumppo.

umkhiqizo Yakhelwe ezinganeni ubudala wasesikoleni samabanga aphansi. Kodwa lokhu akulona indaba evamile. Abenzi lutho kutjelwa Izanusi okuhle nokubi, izinyoka, udrako, namaqhawe futhi ezilo. Kodwa Admirer kancane izincwadi ukunikela izincazelo okuthakazelisayo zezimangaliso, kwaphawula Ilihlo. Ranger-prirodolyubom phambi kwethu Skrebitsky. "Tales of the Pathfinder", sifinyeto okuyinto ayikwazi ukuvula zonke izincwadi magic, khuluma ngezinto zezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi atholakala eyizidleke abantwana nokuthi bafuna ngenqwaba yezinto. howcast amancane azi inhloli Ezingalapheki futhi enenkani, cuckoo zobuqili, ebusuku okuhle futhi zigcwele ibhungane, eye wakwazi ukuthola i-flashlight futhi abe Firefly. Ngangifuna ukudlulisela ezinganeni Skrebitsky? "Tales of the Pathfinder", sifinyeto okuyinto abekwe ngenhla, khuluma ngezinto izilwane futhi imikhuba yabo, ikakhulukazi ihlathi amabika. Kafushane, mayelana nezwe elimangalisayo emhlabeni ufuna ukufunda futhi uhlole.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Akubuzwa ukuthi kwezwe othakazelisayo izincwadi ivulelwe kuphela labo asesabi ukufunda imisebenzi okufushane umnyuziki? Inhlanhla, abangane bami, inhlanhla!