Kuyini kungukufanekisa ezincwadini. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla

Allegory (ἀλληγορία) - kuyinto i inqubo kwezobuciko, okuvumela ukuba ngizwakalise elufifi ngokusebenzisa isithombe. Allegory zobuciko lelandzisako wabonakala isikhathi eside ngaphambi izincwadi ngomqondo walo wanamuhla. Kuzo zonke izinkolo izinkolelo yayenzelwe samuntu amandla emvelo. element ngayinye kwadingeka samuntu yayo - ubuNkulunkulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Iliad engokomfanekiso, ethi Odyssey, amaqhawe ka Keret, Gilgamesh, nabanye. Allegories wanika imiva lelandzisako ukucaciseleka.

Kuyini kungukufanekisa ezincwadini ngendlela efanele usaqala, kungabonwa eVangelini. Abafundi bakaJesu Kristu - abadobi abangafundile nabakhandi abangahlakaniphile neze nemibono abstract. Ukuze idlulisele kubo okushiwo izimfundiso, uJesu usebenzisa ifomu mzekeliso, etholakalayo ngendlela kuyaqondakala: umalusi, izimvu, womhlwanyeli.

Ngo art yamaGreki asendulo zonke izinhlobo yaqhakaza ngisemncane kakhulu futhi ngokuyinhloko akubona abantu abafundile. Lapha isethulo engokomfanekiso Imininingwane kuthatha nobuciko. Kuyini kungukufanekisa e izincwadi lasendulo isikhathi kungabonakala isibonelo izinganekwane Aesop BakaJehova. Ukusebenzisa Ukuqhathanisa kubantu nasezilwaneni, umbhali inganekwane ifingqa uhlamvu icala ethile sonke isigaba like futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlekisa sibonelo, ukudleka ziphele ezingeni isilwane. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kancane kugqiba kuhlasela siqu, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ukungqubuzana evulekile.

Ephakathi. Europe uhlala ngaphansi kokucindezelwa babulawa ka Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, ukuze baveze imibono eyingozi. Lapha umsebenzi ukuze lidlulisele umqondo ifomu ezibukwayo, kunalokho - ukuze kungabonakali, ukwenza kufinyeleleke kuphela abashonile. Aesop ulimi ngoba abalobi iba ifomu kuphela kungenzeka yokukhuluma imibono. Allegory of Ephakathi udangele, kwagcwala ukwesaba, umuzwa yithemba nokungabi nathemba wempilo. Kuyini kungukufanekisa e izincwadi zangenkathi ephakathi kungabonwa enkondlweni Dante sika "Divine Comedy."

Ukuncibilika iqala Renaissance, sekusondele isikhathi esisha. Echoes zayo kuyabonakala ku isibonelo edume kakhulu isiko emhlabeni inkondlo ngendlela engokomfanekiso - ". Faust" Goethe sika Ebumnyameni ka scholasticism, ngokuphonsa umoya hobbled, umuzwa wokuthi azilutho yakhe iqhawe siqu eqaphela isidingo yokukhanya, inkululeko nenjabulo kubo bonke. Ukwambulwa kakhulu "Classical Walpurgis Night": Kulesi sahluko, funda sokulangazelela khona mahhala futhi zemvelo e incarnation ezivamile abangokomfanekiso - classicism Antique.

Kuyini kungukufanekisa izincwadi Eastern, kungcono kakhulu kubonakala ku amamodeli Chinese-Japanese: uma imibhalo yasendulo Indian emoyeni eduze Asia Minor lasendulo (imagery ngeso), amasiko angomakhelwane kwasekuqaleni allegory senkondlo. Kusolwa lapha poeticize zonke: ukuphila, ingakuvumeli ukucabangela nokuqhwandela - ngenxa izithombe olujiyile.

ISoviet Union. Ezweni elibuswa eqinile ngesilwane esifuywayo ingcindezi, vula kuphela ukukhazimulisa ohlelweni bese balahlela amathunga udaka izitha ngemibono. Abalobi abangafuni awela kuyibika yamaSoviet, ukushintshela ulimi Aesop. Okungukuthi, futhi, kungukufanekisa. Izibonelo kwezincwadi - "Master noMargarita" temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Pasternak futhi Platonov. Namandla isinqumo engokomfanekiso - le nkondlo yokugcina "Moscow-Petushki" V.Erofeeva ezine umbuso Infernal komculo uhlamvu ukhaphela usungulo iqhawe "emphinjeni."

Inkathi postmodernism. Nalapha futhi, behlonipha kuwumfuziselo. Izibonelo ezincwadini - umkhiqizo Pelevine futhi Sorokin. Sekuyisikhathi pendulum otkachnulsya: kubaluleke kabi, hhayi kufihlwe imibono ukulethwa indlela abazizwa ngayo.

ibhuloho Soviet phakathi zamanje okuqinisekile steel imisebenzi futhi B. Strugackih. Insumansumane yesayensi nkinga bavame ukulindela esizayo. Ibhalwe kudala, "Okunzima Yiba Nkulunkulu" nesithi "Owakhiwe Isiqhingi" - lo allegory esicace Russia lanamuhla.