"Ebusuku Nilindile" - Rembrandt

Ngekhulu le-17 kwaphawulwa zezimbali esikoleni Dutch yokudweba, okuyinto kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuzalwa zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba kanye nokuntuleka ngobulukhuni elukhuni esontweni. Izimo yokugcina kuye kwaholela yokuthi esikhundleni imidwebo izindikimba zenkolo abaculi waqala ukudweba, esibonisa izigcawu kusukela ukuphila ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, namanje Lifes kanye namathafa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitolo eziningi kanye nenhlangano waqala oda izakhamuzi iqembu ekumeni. Ikakhulu, i-Rembrandt "Ebusuku Nilindile" - isithombe zaveza ngesicelo amalungu sharpshooters yeNetherlands. Namuhla, yena yaziwa njengenye omunye yobuciko yobuciko emhlabeni, futhi abanye babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela zibhekwa ngochwepheshe nochwepheshe, wafunda ngomlando yobuciko, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Umbhali we mdwebo "The Night Buka": Biography

Rembrandt Van Reyn wazalwa ngo-1606 emzini Leiden. Wafundiswa esikoleni Latin, ezisebenza eyunivesithi yendawo, nokuthola parallel azifundiswa kula makilasi okufunda in umdwebo, okuyinto olwenziwe umdwebi odumile Jacob van Svanenbyurh. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-17, le nsizwa yahamba Amsterdam kanye eminyakeni 4 wathatha izifundo kusukela Pieter Lastman, lapho ahlangana khona nge Yanom Livensom. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, abantu osemusha wanquma usethe i-studio ekhatsi Leiden, futhi eminyakeni embalwa bakwazi impumelelo abanye.

Ngo-1631 Rembrandt wabuyela Amsterdam, washada indodakazi lemeya Leeuwarden futhi waqala ukudweba ekumeni of amsterdamtsev ocebile. Nokho, ukuphila komkhaya kujabulise eyathatha iminyaka engu-10 kuphela e 1641-m umculi wangcwaba umkakhe othandekayo, isala Indodana yabo eneminyaka engu-ubudala ngezingalo zakhe.

Amakhasimende ka "Ebusuku Buka"

Ngemva konyaka lo nokulahlekelwa Rembrandt isiyalelo ezinkulu kusukela nesishiyagalombili riflemen aholwa uFrans Ukunqabela Coca - bhala iqembu portrait inkampani yabo, okuyiwona wayethenjisiwe, futhi kamuva ikhokhwe 1600 florins. isithombe, okuyinto kubhekwa kwandulela zici mdwebo okwangempela futhi impressionism - Namuhla, kuwebhu is ngokuthi "Ebusuku Buka" ezaziwayo. Ngeshwa, abantu besikhathi sika, kuhlanganise amakhasimende, awawazisanga lo msebenzi lwaziswa, futhi kwaba isizathu Ukupholisa ngomoya umphakathi ukuba umculi, okuyinto kwagcina kuholele ekubeni ngobumpofu bayo.

"Usuku Buka"

Yini uvezwa kule ngendwangu, okuqukethwe imvuthuluka ezithile okuyinto engaphezu kweyikhulu zokuphikisana phakathi ochwepheshe kanye abathanda art? Okokuqala, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi ifilimu "Ebusuku Buka", lapho izithombe kungabonakala ukuthi cishe zonke izincwajana anikezelwe imisebenzi Rembrandt, okubonisa scene yokulungiselela mbukiso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isenzo senzeka khona ntambama. Pho kungani kwakudingeka ukuba umculi ngizisole upende ngesineke twilight? Lokhu iphazili isikhathi eside enganikanga aphumuze abacwaningi. Nokho, isixazululo kwenzakala ongenamicikilisho eminingi, njengoba ukubuyiselwa, kwaba sobala ukuthi ukuntuleka okukhanyisa - akusiwona kudivayisi kwezobuciko, futhi umule evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi igama "Night Buka" Umdwebo wathola kuphela ekhulwini le-19. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, namuhla, Kulokhu by Rembrandt libonakala izivakashi we State Museum of Amsterdam e ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni futhi njalo bayahlonishwa Ongoti yobuciko.

usayizi ngendwangu

ekudalweni Ubukhulu of Rembrandt, ethunywe inkampani ka abacibisheli abezempi zomphakathi kuyinto 437 by 363 cm, Nokho, kwatholakala ukuthi iwebhu namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i "Ebusuku Buka." - The isithombe esimelela ingxenye enkulu yokuqala, ekuqaleni kokuba izilungiselelo olukhudlwana. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, isinqamu esibonisa Jacobs Dirksen de Roy and Jan Bryugmana kamuva ukusika. Ngenhlanhla, ikhophi wenza ekhulwini le-17 UGerrit Lyundensom likhomba indlela yokuqala olufana ngaphambi umonakalo.

"Ebusuku Buka": incazelo isithombe

On the ngendwangu libonisa iqembu Musketeers eholwa uCaptain Kok, ubani egqoke ijazi elimnyama futhi ezishukumayo, enikeza i ukuze uLieutenant van Reytenbyurgu. Ahambisana Naleli emuva iyona musketeer zokugcina Leydekers-Jan Clasen, kuyilapho ngemuva e uMbhalo okubonisa Spearman-Jan Okkersen. Enye sibalo ukuheha ukunakwa - is egqoke ijazi elibomvu uJan van der Hede, Loader musket. Bonke laba bantu sizungezwe nezinye izinhlamvu eziningi, ezinye zazo alinaso ubuhlobo ukuze imicibisholo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube yilolu suku isibalo impikiswano wentombazanyana ngendlela igolide ingubo zikanokusho, ngoba akucaci ukuthi injongo umculi ukuboniswa ingane phakathi kwamadoda ahlomile. Lokhu waphinda kuqinisekisa umbono ukuthi "Ebusuku Nilindile" - isithombe esiphelele izimfihlakalo.

I okunye isiphetho imidwebo

Lapho Rembrandt ethulwa izidlamlilo Umdwebo imicibisholo ilungu, abakwazanga ukufihla ukudumazeka kwakhe, ngoba yilokho ezakubona akazange zivumelana imibono iqembu portrait, ekhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ikakhulukazi, amakhasimende besethemba ukuthi babeyoshushiswa emelelwa cishe njengoba bezithombe manje ukunikeza abafundi ukuhlala izithombe bendabuko kuwuphawu lokuphela konyaka. Kunalokho, umculi wabanika ngendwangu lapho yayigcwele izinhlamvu ezingaziwa, nemicibisholo babe ngemuva, nomumo zabo cishe ezingabonakali. Ngakho, isithombe, okuyinto waqaphela njengoba wobuciko wabo bonke, kakade mayelana 200 eminyakeni ukuhlola lokusungula Rembrandt asitholanga ukwamukelwa phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekuyiminyaka eminingi yena wahlala khona kwelinye ekude ihholo ledolobha, kuyilapho wakhe - esibi - ayitholakalanga umculi Van Deyk, razglyadevshy ngaphansi uthuli igama lombhali.

"Ebusuku Buka": tinganekwane hoaxes

Namuhla, umuntu angabona ngokuvamile bethola njengoba incazelo ongavamile Rembrandt, ukuthi omunye kungaba ukungazi bamangale abantu ngubani sibasungule. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye mbumbulu abacwaningi baye muva nje izwakalise inkolelo yokuthi ekuthinteni abalingiswa abonisa amsterdamtsev ezimbili esiphawulekayo eboniswe ngakwesokunxele (kusukela izilaleli) emaphethelweni ngendwangu, wayala ukubulala uLieutenant van Reytenbyurga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathi lena umzamo unmask ababulali Rembrandt kwabathukuthelisa izigebengu, futhi benza konke abangakwenza ukuze shí umculi ubumpofu. Nokho, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi iphoyisa lathi ufile kuphela 1657, futhi umculi ayikwazanga ukwazi ukuthi ukulinda van Reytenbyurga iminyaka engu-15 ngemva kokudalwa kuka "Ebusuku Buka".

3D-model of "Ebusuku Buka"

umsebenzi Rembrandt sika, okuyinto, ngemuva komdwebo abacibisheli abezempi wayeka oda nokwamukela futhi wafa ubumpofu, ababesanda kuthakazela abathandi art kuphela ekhulwini le-19. Namuhla, umsebenzi ngisho imidwebo eyenziwe kulo mculi, wadayiswa endalini ngoba tibalo fabulous, futhi imidwebo yakhe abhekwa iminyuziyamu ngobukhulu emhlabeni nomhlobiso amaqoqo sika.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-umqophi Russian Mikhail Dronov no-Aleksandru Taratynov Sinqume ukudala "Ebusuku Buka" 3D-imodeli. Limelela 22 izibalo zethusi ukukhula komuntu, iyaphindwa yonke imininingwane isithombe nebalingisi ezidumile. Namuhla lo msebenzi lihlotshiswe Rembrandt Square e-Amsterdam futhi bemthanda izivakashi.

Uma umuntu efuna ukukutshela mayelana "Ebusuku Buka", incazelo ukucinga indikimba yendaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ephelele futhi egcwele kungenzeka, awakwazi ukuveza umbono ehlanganisa bonke abazithola phambi Kulokhu ehholo State Museum of Amsterdam. Futhi wonke umuntu obheka izithombe noma ulinde 3D-imodeli "Buka" uyobuyisela Russia.