Biography of Sandro Botticelli. Imisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke

Sandro Botticelli, ukuthi imisebenzi kabani ifa elikhulu, kulethe a amazwibela izikhathi ezadlulayo, - i umdwebi oluvelele Yenguquko, sibalo elikhanyayo ngemuva abadwebi inkathi Lorenzo le Ezinhle.

Biography umdwebi Italian

igama Real Botticelli - Alessandro Di Mariano Filipepi. isidlaliso Botticelli sika uzalwe kumfowabo omdala futhi lisho "bochonochek". Florentine Sandro Botticelli, omisebenzi yakhe bayahlonishwa emhlabeni wonke, wazalwa ngo-1445 e-umshuki umndeni isikhumba wayeyindodana enguthumbu. Ubaba Mariano Filipepi nomkakhe Zmeraldoy aqashiwe efulethini, workshop siqu wanikeza imali incane kabi, ngakho umshuki ngiphuphe ngempumelelo unamathisele namadodana abo ashiye izikebhe zabo. Ngo-1458, Sandro ukuthi Moonlighting ngiqeqeshwe e umfowabo ephethwe workshop ubucwebe. Podnatorev kule art obucayi okudinga ukuzethemba ekwakhiweni nokubhalwa, futhi ngokushesha baqala yokudweba eminyakeni emibili kamuva libhaliswe apprentice yokuba yiprofeshinali yokuthatha lo-Florentine umdwebi Fra Filippo Lippi, oye wacwaninga kuze kube iminyaka engu-22 ubudala.

izifundo Okokuqala Botticelli

izifundo ezibalulekile ubucwebe ewusizo umculi ngemuva kwalokhu: imisebenzi abadumile Sandro Bottichelli libhekene ukucaciseleka nentaba imigqa kanye nokusetshenziswa zochwepheshe igolide elasetshenziselwa ngefomu okumsulwa isithombe sangemuva noma njengenhlangano admixture ukuze upende. Isikhathi esichithwa ku umfundisi workshop, waqhubekela intsha ithele futhi kumnandi. Umfundi waba umlandeli uthisha wakhe futhi amlingise lapho konke. Kugcine, ukusabela nomusa kuzinikela ngobuqotho futhi isifiso ukuncela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuba bathole ulwazi Botticelli abezama konke okusemandleni akhe. Isitayela uthisha sokuqala kambe sasinezimiso kunethonya elikhulu endleleni isitayela lokubhala emidwebo Botticelli, ikakhulukazi imininingwane Ornamental, umbala kanye nohlobo ubuso.

Okulandelayo Sandro bomele ulwazi olusha, isivakashi baba workshop Andrea Verrokkio - umqophi Italian futhi umdwebi, indoda isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, owayehola ithimba abanamakhono abaculi Wabasaqalayo. Isibhakabhaka of search yokudala, wanqoba phakathi kwabantu yobuciko, it is ngokucacile emisebenzini lokuqala okuyinhloko-Florentine: ". Madonna engadini rose" "Madonna and Child neziNgelosi Amabili" futhi It kubonakala kahle kuzo isipiliyoni ezitholakala othisha bazo Botticelli. Ngo-1467 i-Florentine yanquma ukuvula esitolo yabo.

imisebenzi Major ngu Sandro Botticelli: "allegory Amandla"

ukuze Okokuqala umculi wabulawelwa 1470 ukuze kwakhiwe ihholo weNkantolo Commercial - ejensi edolobheni, ukucabangela ebujameni bobulelesi kwezomnotho. Kwakuyisikhathi mdwebo "allegory Amandla", obonisa sibalo ohlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi ezijulile. Kubonakala e samuntu eziwukuqiniseka lobudoda, "Amandla" Botticelli ukuma eveza ukuntengantenga bakhe bangaphakathi kanye fragility.

1472 kwaphawulwa Sandro zokubhalisa abaculi inhlangano - inhlangano St. likaLuka, okwakunginika umdwebi ithuba zihlanganisa workshop ngezizathu zomthetho, uzungezwe abasizi. Omunye wabafundi Botticelli wayeyindodana owayenguthisha - Filippino Lippi.

Udumo we-Florentine umdwebi

Ngu 1475 Sandro Botticelli imisebenzi kabani anesizotha abhalwe izingqikithi kweBhayibheli kanye basezinganekwaneni, waba owaziwa futhi likufuna okuyinhloko. Umdwebi ngesineke ngoba amasonto, ukudala yasezindongeni, kancane kancane ukususwa yokutholwa kusukela Filippo umusa Planar linearity ka ekuqonda entsha ivolumu kanye incazelo namandla kakhulu izibalo. Ngokungafani uthisha wakhe wokuqala, omsebenzi wakhe elinesimo Iphalethi okhanyayo, ngendwangu yakho umdwebi ahlanganiswe umbala, kancane kancane liba te ngaphezulu. Njengoba Sandro Botticelli, ogama imidwebo ihlanganise umoya Yenguquko, ngoba ukudluliswa ibala baqala ukusebenzisa ocher umthunzi - inqubo egcwele isici ngokubhala isitayela sakhe imidwebo.

umsebenzi Akwaziwa Sandro Bottichelli

Izithombe imidwebo ngomculi Italian ukudlulisela ithalente esikhulu Florentine, owahamba nokuncane elijabulisayo ifa kwezobuciko yezwe. Imisebenzi eminingi ngu Sandro Botticelli basonta ngonyaka 1470th nakuba kungebona bonke babo babe nezinsuku eqondile. ngokubhala esikhathini esiningi kunqunywa kubo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa yesitayela. Ngu ngalesi sikhathi kukhona webs ezifana "Wokudumisa" (1475), "St Sebastian "(1473)," i-Portrait of a-Florentine Lady "(1470) kanye" Portrait ngensizwa "(1470). Cishe ngo-1476 kwathiwa wayenikeze yomfowabo Lorenzo le Ezinhle - Dzhuliano Medichi, owabulawa phakathi 1478 zungu. Botticelli sisondelene umndeni Medici - umbusi ongenambangi Florence. Kungenxa Giuliano umculi ngesineke banner kulo mqhudelwano ngo-1475.

Ubuntu isitayela Botticelli

Ngo imisebenzi inkathi eyiminyaka engu-1470 kwasuka ukukhula kancane kancane amakhono kwezobuciko nombhali Florentine: e emidwebweni yakhe abanyamalalayo lathathwa abanye abaculi izitayela kanye ukuhluka yesitayela. Ngo Botticelli waphuza isitayela ayo lokubhala: nebalingisi imidwebo yakhe zinezikhathi aqinile, wabuka nobuntu ubungqabavu, lobuhle nokubukeka futhi ecacile asinazo izithombe amadlingozi ibangelwa inhlanganisela inhliziyo namandla yasekhaya futhi isenzo. Lezi zingxenye bukhona Umfanekiso "Saint Augustine" (1480). Umdwebi kwakukuhle ngesikhathi ubhala impilo namanje. Izinto zikhona imidwebo yakhe bavezwa ngokunembile futhi ngokucacile ezwakalisa ikhono lombhali wasithatha okushiwo ifomu ngendlela efanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abazi ziqokonyiswe, ukunaka umbukeli ku izinhlamvu ukhiye. Isizinda Sandro Botticelli, ogama imidwebo emelelwa zemibukiso emhlabeni odumile kakhulu, wasebenzisa amasonto Gothic, castle izindonga, ngaleyo ndlela nokufeza umphumela omuhle romantic.

I eqoshiwe ukuze eSistine Chapel

Ama-oda yabo Sandro Botticelli imisebenzi kabani ukuletha izethameli zibe raptures, ikakhulukazi etholwe Florence. Omunye ezidumile kunazo - "St Sebastian", libhalelwe ukuba idolobha isonto elidala Santa uMariya Madzhore. Indwangu, ngikweluleke ibekwe kukholomu eyodwa yesonto ngoJanuwari 1474, siqine panorama bokubeka Florence. Ngo 1481, Sandro Botticelli, kanye Domenico Ghirlandaio futhi Cosimo Rosselli Yayicelwe uPapa Sixtus IV eRoma ukubhala nemidwebo ohlangothini izindonga elisanda esakhiwe le eSistine Chapel. Umsebenzi wenziwa "The Healing of onochoko kanye Ukulingwa Kristu", "Ukujeziswa Korea" futhi "Scenes kusukela Life kaMose ukuthi:" umbhali lolungenamaphutsa axazulula inkinga ye incazelo yohlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi bogoslovnoy: ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele imiphumela esiyinhlanganisela, ngokuhunyushwa ke bukhoma, ecacile, ukukhanya izigcawu amadlingozi.

mkhuba aphathelene nezinganekwane ku zabalingiswa Botticelli

Emuva ngo-1482 e Florence, Sandro wangcwatshwa uyise. Ngemva break iDemo futhi waqala ukubhalela amaphethini. Lesi sikhathi, kwaba esiqongweni enkazimulweni Botticelli: izixuku amakhasimende wangena eshabhu lakhe, ngakho oda ababulawa abafundi master, ngesikhathi yena wasiphakamisa oda inselele futhi ehlonishwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlaba wabona imisebenzi odumile Sandro Botticelli sika "uPallas kanye Centaur", "Spring", "Venus ne-Mars", "Ukuzalwa Venus", eziphathelene omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kunayo Yenguquko futhi yobuciko yobuciko Western kweqiniso. Iziza lezi imidwebo, okuyinto ngokucacile wazizwa umthelela wakudala nolwazi omuhle kakhulu ebaziwe classical, liphefumulelwe izinganekwane.

"Ukuzalwa Venus"

"Ukuzalwa Venus" inganekwane lezi zilo sifanekisela uxhumano ngezinto ngumoya ophilisayo yaphefumulela ukuphila kwakhe. Ngcono kanye ukuphila kohlanga lwesintu owawusekelwe sibalo Ora, unkulunkulukazi edonsa ingubo yesizotha - umzuzu oyingqophamlando, okuyinto ngokucacile nangendlela penetratingly sihleli master Italian Sandro Botticelli.

Isithombe, uhlu okuyinto ngempela ebanzi, emabangeni kamuva of okuhlinza libhekene izimpawu banomkhuba ezithile, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, self-wokwenama, self-buciko. Ukuze ukukhula yokukhuluma ngokwengqondo kungukuphula wacondza izibalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Botticelli ngokuvamile ngaphambilini izikeshi yezicathulo kanye izindwangu, kodwa isikhathi sethu yathinteka kuphela ingxenye encane kwalezi zibalo ezaziwayo.

ezidumile of Italian

Ukudweba "The Wedding of the Virgin" (1490) ayegcwele ukukhathazeka amadlingozi, imizwa ukukhathazeka namathemba elikhanyayo. Ukuthunjwa endaweni izingelosi imidwebo ukudlulisa kokukhathazeka, e lwenhlonipho St UJerome kuyofikwa ukuzethemba nangesizotha. Umsebenzi wazizwa sokuhamba ezithile kusukela olinganise ephelele, okusho ukukhuphuka kwadambisa isimo esasishubile, ekuthuthukiseni umbala ensimini - ushintsho isitayela, sibangela Sandro Botticelli. Umsebenzi, isithombe emidwebweni wazwakalisa isifiso sakhe ukuba idrama ezijulile, okuyinto kubonakala kahle kule ifilimu "Abandoned", indaba nawo ezivela eBhayibhelini: uTamari ababecindezela Amoni. kumuntfutisa yobuciko lokhu elingokomlando athwala incazelo yomuntu: ukuqonda nobuthakathaka owesifazane, uyamzwela kokuba nesizungu nokuphelelwa ithemba is izibambe ngu isithiyo yayo siqinile ngesimo izindonga awugqinsi namasango ikhiyiwe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila umculi Italy

Ngo 1493 Botticelli wangcwatshwa umfowabo othandekayo Giovanni, Florence ngaleso sikhathi bathi goodbye kuya Lorenzo le Ezinhle. Emzini - sombuso yangaphambili umcabango neyobuntu - kwakuzwakala izinkulumo wamavukelambuso Savonarody. Inkinga ye-Creative iphutha emphilweni Sandro Botticelli. Isithombe, izincazelo esibonakala by ukudabuka nokudabuka okukhulu, ezwakalisa ukwehla ngokugcwele isimo umlobi. Savonarody wokushumayela ngokuphela okuzayo emhlabeni ziye zaholela yokuthi abantu ngo-February 1497 e nje endaweni yomphakathi ephakathi wanika umlilo omkhulu, okuyinto bashisa imisebenzi ezibalulekile yobuciko. sengqondo IMisa owembule abaculi, phakathi kwabo Botticelli. The amalangabi wazishisa ezinye imidwebo yakhe, nakuba ubufakazi esiqondile lesi senzo azitholakali. Ngokushesha Savonarola wamangalelwa lokuhlubuka futhi sebebulawa phambi kwabantu.

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe Botticelli unesizungu kakhulu, wagula wabangwa nezibi nababuthaka. Ngokusho besikhathi, umculi wakwazi ukuphinde ahambe kuphela ngezindondolo. enkazimulweni yayo yangaphambili esedlule, sayeka nokwamukela oda: isikhathi sami, salandelwa inkathi entsha yobuciko. Umdwebi kwaba ashade futhi cha fanele ntwana. Sandro Botticelli wafa yedwa 1510.