Border - Iyini? okusho

Umqondo "umngcele" luye lwaba With ukuthuthukiswa impucuko kanye ukuvela kwezindaba sembuso ku ukusetshenziswa. была линия, отделявшая территории разных правителей. Kwaba umugqa esasihlukanisa Insimu ababusi abahlukahlukene. Njalo eNgophezukonke ekuvikeleni ndawo okuqondene abantu bakhe. не были определенными и четкими. Endulo imingcele yamazwe abazange akachaziwe futhi icacile. Basuke ngempela ngokuvamile uhlaziywe ekupheleni impi. и транзит по территории государства. Isimo sashintsha emva kusungulwa nentela ukuthutha izimpahla emngceleni nokuba sendleleni badabula leyo ndawo isimo.

Sebenzisa kwegama elithi ngolimi Russian

Ngo amathuluzi basekhaya nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu XIV. uqale ukusebenzisa umqondo omusha - "emngceleni". Lenchazelo yaqale esetshenziswa imibhalo nezivumelwano isayinwe Livonian Order Novgorod Januwari 28, 1323 Phakathi naleso sikhathi, semthethweni umqondo iphutha ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu - ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII. Rus kwamiswa, amagama athile ezihlobene nekuhlelwa kwetikhungo ukuze kuvikeleke emngceleni. Phakathi imiqondo eyayisetshenziswa babe "unogada", "Abaqamekeli", "watch", "ukwenza", "amasiko", "dolobhana". Ngo-1847, kwisichazamazwi yeSonto lwamaSlav futhi isiRashiya kwaba wachaza ukuthi umngcele ezinjalo. Leli gama esichazwa njengesono esiphambene umngcele, umkhawulo ukuhlukanisa endaweni eyodwa ukusuka kwenye.

samanje

государствами представляет собой линию, а также проходящую по ней вертикальную поверхность, определяющую пределы соседствующих территорий и их суверенитета. Umngcele phakathi uthi umugqa, kanye nokwelula ubuso bayo mpo ngokuchaza imikhawulo ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane nobukhosi bakhe. Isayensi ukuthi study emingceleni, ngokuthi limology. Ingenye yezindawo geography zezombusazwe. kwemingcele yezizwe nabakwenzayo lokhu kungaba ichibi, emfuleni, olwandle, nasemoyeni nezindlela umhlaba. Lesi sakamuva ayizindlela yahlukanisa indawo uthi angomakhelwane. Basuke kuchazwa yi-amazwe ngokwabo ngokuvamile nsuku nezivumelwano. Ngokuhambisana izivumelwano ngemvume phesheya efakwe ngqo emhlabathini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengamanje kukhona amazwe ukuthi Awunawo imingcele noma amasiko. Enye yalezi uthi kuyinto ubukhulu of Monaco.

существуют? Yini imingcele akhona?

umngcele orographic - umugqa bezingelwa ikhumbula izithiyo zemvelo. Ababona, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi umfula, ichibi, izintaba, ulwandle, nokunye. imingcele-Jomethri akhiwa ngokufeza imigqa eqondile ukuthi ukuxhuma amaphuzu amabili. Cabanga indlela imingcele kungaba isimo. Lake futhi umfula imingcele asethwe ngokufanayo umhlaba - ngokuhambisana inkontileka. Ngu imikhumbi ukugeleza umngcele ngokuvamile sidlula ekujuleni esiphezulu noma ngesikhathi isiteshi esikhulu. Phezu kwemifula non-imikhumbi, nemifudlana emgqeni isethwe maphakathi ukugeleza noma egatsheni main. Kumele ukuthi imikhawulo enjalo angaphansi izinguquko yemvelo. Ekusunguleni imingcele okwamanje ngezinye izikhathi okuvunyelwane ngazo ngokwehlukana. States ingase futhi udwebe umugqa, kungakhathaliseki noma yiziphi izinguquko. Umugqa emoyeni yiyona indiza mpo. Udabula emanzini nezwe imingcele. Okwamanje alikho incazelo ecacile umkhawulo ephezulu liphumele. Inani layo kuhluka km 90 kuya 110.

imingcele zasolwandle

Basuke efakwe noma isenzo yangaphakathi yezwe, noma isivumelwano ephikisayo isimo / umngcele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi eqinisweni, futhi kwelinye icala, imibhalo kufanele uhambisane namazinga zomthetho ngamazwe. amanzi Wendawo angase abe nobubanzi ezahlukene. Okwamanje, zokhahlamba kusuka 3 kuya 12 nautical miles. Ukukhethwa amanzi hlangothi. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa esifundeni. IDanube, i-English Channel, Gibraltar, Magellan, Panama emiseleni, Suez, eKorinte, e Kiel, zomlando Hudson Bay kanye Varanger Fjord.

Ukusungula imigqa

государства, проводят демаркацию и делимитацию. Ukucacisa lapho umngcele isimo, eyenziwa ukutjheja imikhawulo kanye ukurhunyezwa. Lesi sakamuva inqubo echaza ukudlula baphendukela nokusebenzisa umugqa esinqunyiwe kumephu. Uma amaqembu bavumelana ukurhunyezwa zezimiso eziyinhloko ukuchaza kanye nokuchaza imingcele. Lokhu uyakucabangela izithakazelo mutual, ukubonisa inhlonipho indawo ubuqotho, vzaimoustupchivost nokuqonda. Ukurhunyezwa kufanele uhambisane namazinga omhlaba, amadokhumenti womhlaba, amasiko zomlando. Ngemva izinkulumo, amaqembu isivumelwano phezu umngcele. Ukuze-ke isicelo Mapping. Ngokuvamile zivumelwano kukhona ephakade.

ukutjheja imikhawulo

It wenziwa ngemuva kokuphela ukurhunyezwa - zomthetho yokubhalisa imigqa. At the stage of ukutjheja imikhawulo umngcele kuchazwa ngqo emhlabathini. Ikakhulukazi, ku izinhlamvu ezikhethekile umhlaba sizibekele yona, futhi phezu kwamanzi - yamabhola antantayo futhi buoys. Lokuklanywa kwenziwa yikomidi ngokuhlanganyela, ehlanganisa abamele uthi angomakhelwane. Lapho beqeda, esisayinwe olandelwayo. Lichaza uhlu umngcele neziqondiso namabalazwe ngemvume ngamunye isethi. Lezi zincwadi zibizwa futhi enamathiselwe isivumelwano esikhulu. Ngezikhathi, amaqembu ngizoyinqanda emgqeni contact, esikhundleni izimpawu akusebenzi futhi ezilimele uma kunesidingo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi kabusha ukutjheja imikhawulo.

Ukudluliswa

Emthethweni ezifuywayo isimo ngasinye kukhona isenzo normative elawula imibuzo kokuqukethwe imingcele, ukweqa yokugibela kanti izakhamuzi, nengxabano nokunye. emazweni angomakhelwane kungaba isayine isivumelwano esungula lula umngcele umbuso. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu unomphela noma ngesizini ukusebenza, ukutadisha at ensimini eduze, ingakhishwa maqembu ekhethekile. Lezi zincwadi nazo ukudonseleka kulabo abavakashela kwangcwatshwa, ihlangana njalo nezihlobo, emikhosini engokwenkolo, nokunye.

umugqa ukutjheja imikhawulo

Kumele zihlukaniswa kusukela emngceleni. Imizila ukutjheja imikhawulo zibangelwa ezimpini kanye ukuxolelana olandelayo. Ekhulwini zokugcina kwakukhona umugqa, isibonelo, ngo-1949 e-Korea, kwathi ngo-1954 e-Vietnam. Enye inhlangano ulayini ukutjheja imikhawulo akuyona aphathwe njengomuntu emngceleni. It kuphela abelana kweenqhema ingxabano. Therealong eyenziwa Indawo okungavunyelwe ukulwa kuyo.

emngceleni fancy

Vatican ne-San Marino sizungezwe isimo Italy phesheya. umngcele Vatican - kuba enobonda ephakathi. Ubude bayo 3,2. Ngo odongeni kukhona amasango eziningana, okuyinto njalo ivalelwe ebusuku. San Marino umngcele uvezwa ngesimo lwaleli nge insika kanye namagama athi "Siyakwamukela ezweni inkululeko lasendulo."

izici ezingezinhle

Ezinye mlando babehlanganyela hhayi kuphela isimo kodwa futhi enye ingxenye yomuzi. Leso simo, isibonelo, kwaba Berlin. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu ngokwahlukana ephula Yiqiniso ezivamile zokuphila kunemnotfo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kaningi emizini, abantu kwadingeka izinto zokuthutha, umthombo wamanzi, Tinsita jikelele. Lapho efeza imingcele letintfo nazo ihlukaniswe, ukudala ngokuphazamisa emphakathini.

Emngceleni Estonia futhi Latvia kuyinto of ukugawula / Cutting. Lo muzi wayengomunye nge isisekelo salo kakhulu (kusukela 1286). labantu Its Latvians futhi abantu base-Estonia. Ngo-1920, somuzi sahlukana phakathi, futhi ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, ixhunyiwe, bese aphinde eklanywe ngo-1991

Narva - ekuqa- isi-Estonia Russian njengoba lelo dolobha lapho. On the ingxenye yeRussia ibizwa ngokuthi Ivangorod. Umkhawulo onqamula phakathi naleli damu. Lokhu kudalela enkonzweni yayo evamile.

I maqembu Dam kanti emngceleni wama Turkmenistan ne-Uzbekistan. Phakathi eCzechoslovakia neNtshonalanga Jalimane ran umugqa akuyona kuphela edolobheni Eisenstein / itshe-nsimbi, kodwa futhi esiteshini kuphela lapha.

Uzbekistan futhi Kyrgyzstan ngemva kokuphindela eSoviet Union ihlukaniswe edolobheni Kara-Suu. Umkhawulo welula ngokusebenzisa asempumalanga, esisogwini zombili yesiteshi.

imingcele evulekile

Iningi amazwe e-EU kufakwe indawo Schengen. Ngaphakathi izakhamuzi zakhona ujabulele inkululeko egcwele ukunyakaza. Isivumelwano Schengen uvezwa uhlobo imibhalo emibili. Okokuqala kukhanselwe visa control emingceleni yangaphakathi, kwesibili - EMhlanganweni - inquma oda ukungena kulesi sivumelwano saqala ukusebenza. Lezi zincwadi ziye zaba esivumelekile 1995

Imingcele esiqeshini sendawo

Okwamanje, abantu abaningi basesimweni ubunikazi ingcebo. Lezi zihlanganisa kuhlanganise iziza nezwe. Uma ubhalisa amalungelo kubo kudingeka alandele saziso inqubo yokubhalisa isimo. Kulokhu, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusungula indawo esemngceleni. Ukuze wenze kanjalo, ukunikeza imibhalo ezithile iziphathimandla abanekhono. Kuhlanganisa:

1. Umazisi.
2. Paper izakhiwo okungezona zokuhlala kanye yokuhlala kubekwe phakathi nesiqephu sezwe esisodwa.
3. izitatimende ezimbili. Okokuqala etholakala UGRTSKK, wesibili uvezwa UFGRP.
4. Ikhophi uhlelo cadastral kwendawo ngaphakathi okuyinto lufakwa.
5. Izenzo, ngokuhambisana okuzothi ingxenye umngcele abangu bavumelana.
6. Okukhishwa ezinhlamvwini ipasipoti cadastral.

Inqubo wokusungula imigqa

endaweni Border ecacisiwe yiHhovisi Federal emaphakathi olulodwa uphawu yokusungula kanye nokuhlela. Ibhizinisi kokuthumela isicelo, faka endaweni ukwenza umsebenzi bemvelo lobuchwepheshe. Ukuphatha lendawo kufanele uthathe ikhophi Holdings indawo uhlelo. Linikeza unjiniyela cadastral. Ngokuhambisana nohlelo Kwenziwa Ochwepheshe kanye nekhadi wokugubha ikhishwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo kwendawo kwendawo olwenziwa. Njengoba liveza ikakhulukazi indawo isihlobo ukuba ingxenye eduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula isibopho ukuvumelana indawo esemngceleni ngayo yonke nomakhelwane bayo. Imibhalo Tholakele liyakushunyayelwa eqinisekisiwe kumasipala. Amaphepha eqoqwe ayatholakala egunyeni lokubhalisa. Lapha ezweni lufakwa nokubhaliswa cadastral bese uthola inombolo ehlukile. Ngemva 1 inyanga uzothola oNgcwele kobunikazi.

umbango

Ngokuvamile, omakhelwane Ningeze esivumelwaneni mayelana imingcele yezwe labo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, impikiswano wenziwa inkantolo. Ababambiqhaza umangalela nge izidingo ezifanele. Inkantolo inelungelo ukusungula izinqubo ukusetshenziswa komhlaba. Lapho lokhu kuhlolwa kuqhutshwa, okhethwe imikhawulo emasimini.

isiphetho

Umqondo "umngcele" isetshenziswa sphere ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. Ngakho, setha umugqa yahlukanisa umbuso, izifunda, namadolobha. Izindawo akhiwe ngaphakathi kubo ungaba indawo ehlukile. Ukushintsha imingcele Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nenqubo esungulwe zomthetho. Ingabe athathwe, ngokukhethekile, enza amazinga kazwelonke kanye zesifunda.

Ngokwesibonelo, ithuthukiswe ibalazwe, owawuthi esungulwe imingcele entsha eMoscow ngo-2017 Insimu lo muzi ngokuqinisekile uyokwakhelwa kwelulwe kakhulu, ukubunjwa awo ayohlanganisa ezindaweni eziningana, kokuhlangana ingqalasizinda.

Imingcele yamazwe, njengoba umthetho, akuzona ishintshe. Ukukhethwa kulapho kwelinye izwe angase anqume ukuyibuyisela lezo ujoyine nomunye. Le nqubo kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana namazinga omhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2014 insimu yase Russia anda ngokuqondene engena oyiyo nhlonhlo eCrimea. Nokwandisa imingcele senziwa ngokuhambisana imiphumela inhlolovo labetibambile kule nhlonhlo. Ngokuvamile, hhayi ibalazwe geopolitical ishintshile kakhulu kusukela kwaphela iMpi Yezwe II. Phakathi cishe kuwo wonke amazwe yesivumelwano ku ukusungulwa imingcele futhi imithetho nokulawula ukufinyelela.