Geography yezombusazwe kanye ne-geopolitics

I-geography yezombangazwe uhlobo lwezezimali nezomphakathi ezithinta isayensi yezombangazwe. Njengesiqondiso esizimele sesayensi, savela maduzane: ngasekupheleni kwe-19th - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Umsunguli wayo ungumgogodla waseJalimane uFriedrich Ratzel, owathi ngo-1897 wakhicilela incwadi ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo. Incwadi yakhe yaqala ukugxekwa, ngoba kwazwakala isiphetho sokuthi ukuthunjwa ngombuso onamandla wobuthakathaka nomakhelwane kulungile. Wayeshushiswa kakhulu lapho amaNazi esebenzisa izinhlinzeko zalo ngezinhloso ezifanele zeReich. Kwakukhona imibono kaFickzel eyakhiwa yi-geopolitics, e-USSR ebhekwa njengesixhobo sokunqoba izindawo.

Ngokuqondene naleli gama, laqala ukuba ngumsosayensi waseSweden u-R.Cellen. E-Soviet Union, ukuhamba komcabango wezepolitiki kwakungaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwezwe, ngakho-ke le ndawo yolwazi ayizange ibe khona.

Kuze kube yimanje, lo mqondo uphathwa njengeyisayensi yomkhawulo wendawo ezenzakalweni nezinqubo zezombangazwe.

Ngakho-ke, izifundo zezepolitiki zendawo:

1. Ukudala kwebalazwe lezwe lezwe lezombusazwe.
2. Izinguquko zomhlaba zezombusazwe.
3. Okucacile kwesistimu kahulumeni.
4. Amabhulotiki ezombusazwe, amaqembu kanye namaqembu.
5. Izinkampani zokhetho ngokwemigomo yazo yendawo.

Zonke lezi zigaba zingacwaningwa kokubili emazingeni omhlaba jikelele nakwasekhaya.

Intshisekelo enkulu kubacwaningi ukuhlolwa kwesimo se- geopolitical of states ngamunye, isb. Okucacile ngesimo sabo ngokuphathelene nabalingani nomakhelwane. I-geography yezombangazwe inendawo yokushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba kuthathwa njengesigaba somlando.

Ake siqaphele ukuthi le sayensi inezinkomba eziningana eziyinhloko:

1. I-Geopolitics, okuwumthwalo wesistimu yomhlaba wonke.
2. Uhulumeni wezwe.
3. Isayensi yezepolitiki yesifundazwe.
4. Ama-elite wesifunda.

I-geography yezombusazwe kanye ne-geopolitics njengento eyakhiwe yilezi zikhathi zihlala ngaphansi kokucwaningwa kwabacwaningi abahlanganyela ekuhloliseni inqubomgomo yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Indaba ukuthi i-geopolitics iveza indlela yokuziphatha yezwe mayelana nemingcele yombuso. Uyabheka ukusebenzisana kwezwe namanye amandla, ikakhulukazi, nomakhelwane.

Uma sicabanga ngezikhathi zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili kanye neNkathi Yomshoshaphansi, yonke imibono yalesi siqondiso ihlose ukuhlaziya izimbangela zokuqothulwa kwezindawo, ukudala izizinda zasempi kanye nokusebenza, kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwezempi kanye nezwe emalungiselelweni kwamanye amazwe. Ngomqondo othile, i-geopolitics yanamuhla ibuye ibe ne-orientation efanayo, kodwa okucacile ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuningi kakade kukhokhelwe izimiso zokuphepha emhlabeni wonke.

I-geography yezombusazwe njengamanje ikhula njengesayensi. Ngokuyinhloko, uma sicabangela izici zayo ze-geopolitical, ukubonakaliswa kwazo ezweni lanamuhla ukuhlanganiswa kwembulunga yonke. Lapho i- USSR iwa, ukulingana okukhona kwabhujiswa. Izindlela zokubeka umyalo ngosizo lwamabutho empi ziqala ukuphakama, futhi imibono yomphakathi womhlaba nomzimba wayo omele - i-UN - ayicatshangelwa. Njengempendulo kulezi zenzo kukhona ukunyakaza okulwa nokulwa nokuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba okusheshayo kube nolaka.

Ngesikhathi samanje, i-geography yezombusazwe ikhula kanye nesimo sezenhlalakahle. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubukeka kwezinhlangano zobugebengu, ukuqothula, ubudlova kanye nezinkolo. Futhi, i-geography yamasiko nezinsizakalo kuyathakazelisa kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwendalo yemvelaphi.

Ake siqaphele ukuthi imephu yezwe yezombusazwe iveza ngokugcwele inkathi kanye nezinguquko ezenzeka kuyo. Kodwa-ke, iye yathola ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20, njengoba abacwaningi bephawula.