Uyini umthombo amandla kazibuthe? ensimini Umthombo eMhlabeni magnetic

I magnetic field - into ethakazelisa kakhulu. Njengamanje, izakhiwo zalo ziye zasetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi. Bewazi yini ukuthi umthombo amandla kazibuthe? Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda ngakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizoxoxa amanye amaphuzu ahlobene uzibuthe. Ukuze uqale, ake sibheke umlando.

Umlando omncane

Magnetism futhi ugesi - akusiyo amabili asho into ehlukile, njengoba ngokuyiphutha babekholelwa isikhathi eside. Ubuhlobo babo sobala kuphela 1820, lapho usosayensi Danish Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851 GG.) Ebonisa ukuthi wamanje ngokusebenzisa wire i kagesi kuqeda inaliti yekhampasi. Yamanje njalo edonsa amandla kazibuthe. Akunandaba lapho senzeka - phakathi ifu kanye phansi ngesimo umbani noma imisipha elithile lomzimba wethu.

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye bazama ukuthola ukuthi ungumthombo kazibuthe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esavulwa umkhuba. Magnetism ebuka futhi wasebenzisa (ikakhulukazi ngezinhloso navigation) Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba yacaciswa ubunjalo ugesi, futhi ithole isicelo esisebenzayo. Kuphela uma kwaziwa ukuthi ndaba siqukethe ama-athomu, kuphethwa ekugcineni bokuthi akhona amandla kazibuthe kanye nogesi zihlobene kakhulu. Nomaphi lapho kwakunabantu abaningi uzibuthe, kuyohlale kukhona abakhona, kanti ezinye ugesi. Nokho, lokhu okutholakele lokho kwakumane kuyisiqalo zezifundo entsha.

Yini enquma ukubonakaliswa izakhiwo magnetic okubalulekile nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi zangaphandle amandla umthombo? Movement of electron okuyinto ukudala imisinga kagesi ngaphakathi athomu. Lolu hlobo uzibuthe, futhi sizoxoxa lapha. Umthombo vortex kazibuthe (kushintshana lamanje), thina kafushane kuchazwe.

Magnetite kanye nezinye izinto

Impahla edonsa yensimbi kanye impahla yensimbi-equkethe siyenzeka emvelweni, omunye amaminerali ezithakazelisayo. Kumayelana magnetite, okusansimbi chemical compounds. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye ke uhlobo asetshenziswe ikhampasi lokuqala, kusungulwe Chinese. Umthombo kazibuthe iyona amaminerali hhayi kuphela. Ezinye izinto nazo lula ukutshela ngamabomu izakhiwo ezidingekayo. Phakathi kwabo insimbi eyaziwa engcono steel. Bobabili omunye nezinye izinto kalula abe umthombo kazibuthe.

odonsa unomphela

Izinto edonsa yensimbi, akha isigaba esikhethekile. Zibizwa ngokuthi odonsa unomphela. Naphezu igama, bayakwazi ukulondoloza sezindawo edingekayo ngesikhathi esinomkhawulo. Imagnethi unomphela ngesimo bar ibonisa amandla uzibuthe eliwumhlaba. Uma Ungahambisa ngokukhululekile, kolunye njalo kuvela bebheke North Pole Zomhlaba, kanye nezinye - bebheke South. Amachopho amabili kukazibuthe abizwa ngokuthi izigxobo nasenyakatho, naseningizimu, ngokulandelana.

Magnets ungaba cishe noma yikuphi umumo: bar, sehhashi, noma indandatho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zisetshenziswa basebenzise izinto zikagesi. Izinti we odonsa ezikhonjiswe njengoba: N (enyakatho) kanye S (eningizimu). Ake sixoxe zihlangana kanjani.

Ukuganukeja futhi umuzwa wokwenyanya

Ngokungafani izingongolo kazibuthe ahehe. Lokhu siyazi esikoleni. Ukudonsa ezinye impahla, kukazibuthe wokuqala kwenza kube uzibuthe ababuthakathaka. Thanda izingongolo dudula nomunye (nakuba akusiyo sobala njengasendabeni ukhangwa). Ukuzizwa umthelela uzibuthe, lensimbi nangomthofu steel beba odonsa, kokuthola polarity okuphambene. Yingakho basuke bakhangwa ke. Kodwa uma odonsa ezimbili ezifanayo nge "amacala" alinganayo setha eduze komunye nomunye ngezinti zawo efanayo, yini engenzeka? Ngilugcinile amandla umuzwa wokwenyanya kuyoba elilingana nebutho okudonsa osithathayo isinyathelo phakathi izigxobo ezimbili okuphambene, efakwe at elifanayo ukusuka komunye.

Ithonya uzibuthe angaphansi hhayi izinto ayoni kuphela. Nokho, lo mkhuba kazibuthe kalula kakhulu nasemkhakheni izinsimbi okumsulwa. Lokhu, isibonelo, insimbi, nickel, ayibe.

izizinda

Izinsimbi, okungaba umthombo kazibuthe aqukethe odonsa ezincane ngokufanele ngezikhathi ngaphakathi impahla. Basuke ngokulinganayo igxile kuphela ezindaweni ezincane, okuthiwa ama-domain, okuyinto kungabonwa ngesibonakhulu electron. Ngo ndaba unmagnetized - kanye izizinda ngokwabo kuthambekele bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene lapho - kazibuthe zero. Ngakho-ke, akanazakhiwo magnetic Kulokhu kungukuthi uyalandelwa. Ngakho, indaba okuhlukeneko izakhiwo ezidingekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

inqubo magnetization liqukethe yokuthi zonke izizinda bephoqeleka ukuba iyahambelana kwelinye direction. Lapho avuliwe kahle, izenzo zabo zingezwa. Into ngokuvamile iba kazibuthe umthombo endle. Uma zonke izizinda zikleliswe ncamashi luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, indaba isifinyelele umkhawulo yamakhono akhe kazibuthe. Kubalulekile wazi eyodwa iphethini. Magnetization we indaba bayogcina kuxhomeke magnetization domain. Lokhu, Okunqumayo indlela athomu ngabanye zitholakala ngaphakathi domain.

ensimini eMhlabeni magnetic

ensimini eMhlabeni magnetic Sekuyisikhathi eside kulinganiswa ngokunembile futhi kuchazwe, kodwa kuze kube manje ayikwazanga uchazelwe ngokugcwele. Ngamagama silula kungashiwo imelelwa uma phakathi kweNyakatho nezingongolo eNingizimu ngokokuhlala Idonsa elula flat. Lokhu kubangela eminye yemiphumela uyalandelwa. Kodwa lokhu akuvezi ukuthi kungani engavamile kakhulu umfutho izinguquko, ngisho isiqondiso imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba ka komhlaba, noma kungani eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule indawo zezingongolo kazibuthe kuyinto okuphambene wamanje, futhi kungani kukhona, nakuba kancane, ezihambayo njalo. Ngakho, konke iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho.

amandla kazibuthe Umhlaba Model

Sizokwenza ukuchaza kabanzi inguqulo lula. Amelwe emathunjini omhlaba eside, uzibuthe flat ukuthi kuyoba umthombo amandla kazibuthe. Yini okunye okufanele kubhekwe? impahla Magnetic phezu komhlaba kufanele zitholakale ukuze isigxobo sabo ekhombe enyakatho, waphenduka indlela engafanele, esilibiza ngokuthi enyakatho (empeleni isigxobo eningizimu kukazibuthe ngengqondo) nokukodwa isigxobo - eningizimu (isigxobo enyakatho uzibuthe).

Ukuqonda izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba okubangela ubunzima obuthile. Futhi umhlaba uzibuthe kanye uzibuthe encane izingcezu yensimbi wachaza kalula uzitshela ukuthi imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba (uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi emigqeni ekucucuzeni kazibuthe) zivela ekupheleni enyakatho uzibuthe, futhi zifakwe eningizimu. Lena ukumelwa ngokungenasizathu kakhulu isicelo kuphela ngenxa lula, njengoba nje ukusetshenziswa nobude emigqeni lukhulu kwimephu. Nokho, liyasisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini umthombo amandla kazibuthe Earth.

Amandla imigqa uzibuthe elula flat, odlulayo komunye isigxobo kolunye bese ukumboza wonke uzibuthe, akha inhlobo isilinda. Imizila amandla ka ohlangothini olulodwa, kungathi wacasulwa. Babehlale ukuqala ngo isigxobo yohlobo olufanayo futhi aphela isigxobo lomunye hlobo, futhi ungalokothi aphambana.

Ekuphetheni

Ngakho sihlakulela ingqikithi "umthombo amandla kazibuthe." Njengoba ubona, kuba impela ebanzi. Sesihlole kuphela nemiqondo eyisisekelo ezihlobene nalesi sihloko.