Diene hydrocarbon: isakhiwo, isomerism futhi ngesilwane esifuywayo

Diene hydrocarbon (diolefins alkadienes dienes) - hydrocarbon ayegcwele, e isakhiwo lapho kukhona izibopho ezimbili double. Uma ucabangela alkadienes isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: Ngibhala - a cumulated diolefins izibopho (SN2SSN2); • Type II - alkadienes nge lokuhlanganisa (conjugated) ukuxhumana; izibopho kabili isakhiwo diene abahlukene ngesibopho esisodwa (N2SSNSNSN2); Uhlobo III - dienes nokuxhumana ngci (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

hydrocarbon Diene: izici jikelele

Of izinhlobo ezintathu dienes isithakazelo kakhulu embonini chemical-type II kukhona alkadienes. Ngokusebenzisa ama-electron wathola ukuthi izibopho kabili engqamuzaneni butadiene phakathi C1 no C4 lungaphezu ethylene-molecule.

Diene hydrocarbon: isomerism

Ngenxa yalezi organic compounds libhekene ezimbili izinhlobo isomerism - ngekwendzawo (stereoisomerism) takhi. Uhlobo lokuqala - kwesakhiwo isomerism hydrocarbon uchungechunge okungase ngqo noma branched. Uhlobo isomerism yesibili kungenxa kwasendaweni kwezendawo kwama-athomu nezinhlayiyana amaqembu e-athomu emhlabeni izibopho kabili. kwakhiwa Ngakho trans- futhi cis-isomers dienes. Ngokwesibonelo, i-yamangqamuzana ifomula diene S5N8 kukhona isomers ezintathu kwesakhiwo:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene hydrocarbon: ngesilwane esifuywayo

Ukuze diene amagama zisebenzisa nomenclatures ezimbili - zomlando (isib, divines Allen) kanye IUPAC (International Union of theory kanye osetshenziswayo Chemistry). Ngokwe IUPAC ngesilwane esifuywayo, kuqala ngokuthi diene elihambisana alkane, egameni okuyinto "en" esikhundleni isijobelelo "diene", ngakho-ke izibalo ukhombise indawo kwasendaweni izibopho kabili iketango hydrocarbon. hydrocarbon uchungechunge izinombolo Kwenziwa ukuze izinombolo bangu aphansi. dienes formula letinikwe lapha ngenhla IUPAC ngesilwane esifuywayo izobizwa kanje: 1.4-pentadiene; 2-methyl-1.3-butadiene; 1.3-pentadiene.

Kunezindlela eziningana ezimbonini kanye nezindlela laboratory diene zamagama. Khona-ke abakhululiwe emikhulu depolymerization injoloba yemvelo (ziphuzo zazihluzwa ezomile), indlela amanzi emzimbeni okhanda amanye amathuba alkanes, amanzi emzimbeni indlela alcohols monohydric ayegcwele.

Butadiene - material oluyigugu iluhlaza ngokukhiqiza rubbers zokwenziwa (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), kanye perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - into nge iphunga isici. isoprene Okokuqala ikhiqizwa iraba emvelo ngokuthulisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa ezomile. Isoprene sigameko kuphinde okulungiselelwe amanzi emzimbeni ka isopentane. Ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla iraba zokwenziwa, kwezokwelapha kanye izinto elimnandi.

Rubbers - impahla enamandla kakhulu futhi nokunwebeka Lokudabuka organic okuyinto kuveza ngezinto zemvelo eluhlaza (iraba zemvelo) nezindlela zokwenziwa (zokwenziwa). Ngesisekelo iraba kukhona diene-molecule conjugation ngezibopho double. Amathayi elakhiwe phakathi kwenqubo ye impahla bafudumale nesibabule (iqine). Rubbers - material kubaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa ukwenziwa amasondo kanye amashubhu, emapheshana nangokuvikela, amagilavu iraba, izicathulo kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa umkhakha yasendlini, ezifuywayo, imithi yezokwelapha kanye wezilwane.

hydrocarbon Ethylenic e isakhiwo zabo omunye isibopho double. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zakhi zibizwa olefins ngoba ephansi alkenes gaseous ukusabela chlorine noma uxhumano lokudlulisa ukwakha i egcekeni oily, okuyizinto zingaxazululeki emanzini.

hydrocarbon Acetylenic (alkynes) - compounds, aqukethe isibopho eyodwa kathathu. Inani eliphakeme zonke alkynes kuyinto acetylene okuyinto etholwe ukusabela calcium Carbide ngamanzi. Lokhu igesi lisetshenziswe kweyesi Welding autogenous nezinsimbi ukusika. Acetylene - material eyigugu zokusetshenziswa for the ukukhiqizwa ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetylene, acetate acid, benzene, trichloroethane, acrylonitrile.