Reserve lomyali. State Nature Biosphere Reserve

Ngo 1741, uhambo eholwa Commander Vitus Bering, kwase wathola Commander Islands. Kwaphela isikhathi eside base lingenamuntu. Iningi lezifiki zokuqala zaqala ezixubile futhi Aleuts, owaqala ukuhlola lesi siqhingi ngo-1825. Namuhla edolobhaneni Nikolskoye ku Bering Island - emzaneni Aleut, kuphela ku Russian Federation.

Kusukela umlando esiqiwini

Ezikhathini imperial the Commander Islands babe noboya abahlinzeki endaweni yomcebo yasebukhosini. funa engalawuliwe izilwane kuye kwaholela uyaca kunezimvu zamanzi, okuyinto ziyancipha kakhulu izinombolo zabo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, kwaqala umsebenzi ukuvikelwa rookeries, imikhawulo kuqala lapho kuvezwa yezimvu zamanzi ezinoboya imithini kwangena. Ukulawula ukudoba yabo sivunyiwe ngo-1911.

Kakhulu ngcono isimo kule kwamaSoviet. Ngo-1958 yena wawuvinjelwe ukudoba namamayela angamashumi amathathu ezizungeze iziqhingi. Esiqiwini lokuqala ukubaluleka lesifunda ubonakele kulo mhlaba 1980.

Igama elithi "Umkhuzi National Park" futhi isimo Federal wathola ngo-Ephreli 1993. Ngo-2002 wathola isimo "uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli", engaphansi Ukuvikelwa UNESCO.

indawo

Umkhuzi Reserve itholakala eNyakatho Pacific. indawo Its iphahlwe eningizimu yoLwandle Bering. Umkhuzi Islands - kuyinto emkhawulweni esentshonalanga yalesi siqhingi we Aleutian esijwayelekile arc. Ziyakwazi esivelele emikhulu kwamanzi futhi aqukethe iziqhingi 15 ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

EKamchatka, uMlawuli Islands

Ngokuyinhloko it is ezimele amatshe amancane. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - esiqhingini Bering. Selilonke eliphakeme - entabeni Steller, obude kuyinto 755 metres. Futhi kubalulekile ukwaba siqhingi olunothile yethusi. Kuyinto isiqhingi flat futhi ongaphakeme.

Komandorskii-Aleutian esijwayelekile arc sakhiwa rock mlilo. Kulezi ziqhingi, mlilo azifani, nokuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeke kaningi. Lokhu ukundindizela okuncane (akuvamile ukufinyelela 5-6).

Bhuka "Umkhuzi": incazelo

He is Commander ziqhingi. Le ndawo Aleutian esijwayelekile (eKamchatka Krai). Lihlanganisa futhi emanzini angasogwini yoLwandle Bering LwasePacific. Inani endaweni esiqiwini - 3.648.679 amahektha. Lokhu indawo kuhlanganisa 3.463.300 amahektha ulwandle endaweni futhi 185 379 ha komhlaba.

Esiqiwini itholakala eningizimu esiqhingini Bering. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthatha Arius Stone Island Isiqhingi yethusi, okuyinto ahlelwe iqembu compact empumalanga eKamchatka.

Umkhuzi Reserve kuhlukaniswe, okuyinto avikelekile ngezindlela ezingafani:

• core evikelwe, lapho imisebenzi womuntu zivinjelwe, futhi kugcina kungenele yayo izinqubo zemvelo;
• isikhumbulo sesikhana esishintshashintshayo, esangenza ukudoba elinganiselwe kanye nokunyakazisa umnotho esinqunyiwe.

izimo zezulu

Umkhuzi Islands ku neledovitoy engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle Bering. Nansi ehlobo pretty cool nobusika kuqhathaniswa umnene. Cishe njalo ngenyanga zikhona izinsuku lapho umoya ohlabayo kulezi ziqhingi ngesivinini esikhulu - ezingaphezu kuka-108 ngehora.

Izinjongo kanye nemisebenzi ye-reserve

On inqolobane le Commander eyabelwe imisebenzi ethize:

• Ukuvikelwa izindawo zemvelo amanzi zasolwandle eseduze nale ndlela, ukugcina isimo yemvelo lezinto zemvelo;
• ucwaningo, ukuphathwa umlando nemvelo;
• ukuqapha kwemvelo nemfundo kwemvelo;
• isingeniso endaweni ye Biosphere Reserve ukuphathwa imikhuba engabonisi ukonakalisa imvelo futhi akusho deplete imithombo yemvelo;
• ukukhuthaza Ukuvikelwa amagugu zomlando, amasiko nobuzwe.

Ngenxa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo of flora zasolwandle kanye nezilwane, amanzi non-okokuqandisa ebusika endaweni iyindawo yokondla inqwaba izinyoni amanzi, khona izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, ezingavamile futhi sendawo zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. EKamchatka esifundeni ayinakho okulingana ukubaluleka Reserve.

izitshalo

Izimila nezilwane yesifunda kuhlanganisa 383 zezitshalo semithambo kanye 158 - ulwelwe. Through the Commander Islands, Umngcele osempumalanga zensimu, lapho 93 zezitshalo ezingavamile ukusakaza. Azikho amahlathi. Nganoma yingasiphi Commodores wabusa nezimfunda. Kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ingatholakala lapha yene shrub Rowan futhi willow. Ngezansi kubo ezikhulayo dogwood Swedish, luazeleriya recumbent, abamnyama crowberry, phyllodoce Aleutian esijwayelekile futhi okwesibhakabhaka.

Utshani esiqiwini emelelwa Anemone raznotsvetkovoy, ikhoyili viviparous, goldthread emithathu sheeted, horsetail ubusika. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya ngokuvamile ehlupheka ngenxa yobuhle bayo. Lezi zimbali ezingavamile zivame sinqanyuliwe ngokwenza sezimbali, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isitshalo esinoshevu.

Kukhona nezinye nezihlahla: zokhuni laseSiberia, Honeysuckle futhi zasendle rose tupoushkovy ezidliwayo.

Ezimfundeni sikhule sedge dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, geranium pushistotsvetkovaya, iris setosa, izinwele utshani tortuous.

izilwane

Reserve lomyali izici ezihlukahlukene emikhulu yezilwane. inhlanzi, 213 - - izinyoni Ayemaningi 25 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo 25 bhalisiwe. ezincelisayo Terrestrial, kukhona eziyisithupha izinhlobo lapha. Lena mink American, blue impungushe Mednovskiy, grey rat, vole obomvu-wasekela, indlu igundane, reindeer. Bonke abahlala iBering Island.

Ikakhulukazi owaziwa Nature Reserve ivikelwe rookeries enkulu izilwane zasemanzini, sea izingonyama nasenyakatho sea izingonyama. Lezi zilwane yakha rookery ngokuhlanganyela - izinkulungwane amaqoqo ogwini.

Seals yilunga zohlobo ezimpawu eared. Lona izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zasolwandle, okuyinto uyakhazinyuliswa esiqiwini emhlabeni. Northern sea izingonyama (amabhubesi) bambalwa Komandorsky Reserve. seal Spotted - lwezimpawu kuyinto ngempela ezingavamile izilwane Islands. Bahlala ku izixhobo ugu namawa kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Lokhu isilwane zasolwandle wobuhle kokuvamile umusa ngemibala variegated.

Anthurium - kangaka okuthiwa esiqhingini lwezimpawu bohlanga zamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane ibizwa ngokuthi "uphawu-imbali" ngenxa engavamile ibala: on isizinda onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe grey ehlakazekile nezimagqabhagqabha ezinkulu ophuzi nomhlophe ngesimo izindandatho. Anthurium - izilwane ezingavamile, ngakho bathatha wokuvikela wombuso.

EKamchatka (Russia) is ikakhulukazi kuhlale zezinto eziphila emanzini. Umkhomo Lokhu Commander sika beaked, umkhoma i-humpback, enyakatho Umkhomo oluhlaza, nabanye.

Ngo Komandorsky Reserve ivikela labantu sendawo of impungushe okwesibhakabhaka (impungushe polar). Impilo ka-lezi zilwane ugcwele ingozi futhi ushikashikeka. Cishe u-40% nomdlwana izimpungushe blue ayafa. Ezinye zazo aphule emadwaleni, zibulala nezinye izilwane ezidla emikhulu.

izinyoni

Reserve Commander - isidleke sea futhi amanzi izinyoni, kanye stop Waterfowl futhi izinyoni zasogwini ngesikhathi kuthuthwa. Falcon isidleke kulezi ziqhingi, Gull glaucous-ezinamaphiko, peregrine uheshe, obomvu-Clitocybe.

Ilokhu isidleke lapha ayisigidi izinyoni, abameleli nesishiyagalolunye zilwane. Iningi labantu fulmars, murre ezivamile, guillemot black abavamile, hatchets. Fulmars kangaka okuthiwa i-ukuthatheka: angithi besaba abantu. A hatchets, noma ukuphela komgwaqo, abizwa kanjalo ngenxa ukuma eyinqaba Uqhwaku, okuyinto kakhulu efana imbazo. Sinenkosi yesibili igama - zopholi ulwandle. Phakathi nenkathi kokuzalela, umbala elikhanyayo kakade zalezi zinyoni ayamangalisa nakakhulu.

Ziyofuna ukudla, lezi zinyoni kungaba kufike ekujuleni okungaphezu kwalokho enkulu (kufika ku 10 m). Zihlala kwamanzi kuze kuphele imizuzu engu ezimbili, izinhlanzi, i-eside ezibanjwa badedelwa. Abakwazi kanyekanye ukubamba eziningi ngomlomo wayo kufika ku-12 izinhlanzi.

ezokuvakasha

Namuhla, lenqwaba izakhamuzi zethu nabo futhi izivakashi ezazivela ngaphandle ukuza reserve lomyali, ubunyoninco uhlobo kulezi zindawo okungavamile. Esiqiwini kukhona ehlelekile izintaba ezisiza ukuba ziqonde ukuthi ukwehluka eziningi zezilwane nezimila. Imizila ukusebenzisa ku Bering Isiqhingi futhi yethusi ujwayelene iziqhingi izinyoni Toporkov futhi Ary Kamen.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ungabona izindawo zomlando ukuthi atshele mayelana emlandweni wezwe lakithi. Ngo-November 1741 iphakethe-isikebhe "Saint Peter", eyayiholwa Commander Vitus Bering, waphonselwa ngaphandle ku zamakhorali ugu phakathi sekuseduze ukuba kugadle inhlekelele.

Lezi ziqhingi, kamuva yabizwa ngokuthi i-Commander, baba yingxenye Russia, kanye Alaska futhi zonke ezinye iziqhingi ezingu we Aleutian esijwayelekile arc. Futhi okufanayo ehlane isiqhingi, okuthiwa Bering Island, baba isiphephelo eledlule ye umlawuli omkhulu futhi labangane bakhe abathembekile.

Ngo-1867, i-Alaska futhi le Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands ababethengiswe US, futhi AMANGA kuphela okubonisa idatha ezindawo inkontileka, kubhekwe siqhingi uye walondoloza eRussia.

Ngemva abavubukuli (1922), ikamu uhambo ezidumile futhi ingcwatshwa kwatholakala. It lwenziwe bazingcwabe kabusha ithimba nangalowo Commander Bering. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Commander bay isibe ekhangayo izivakashi abafuna ukukhulekela elinesibindi abacwaningi Russian yesibili eKamchatka uhambo.

imodi reserve

Naphezu kwesimo sezulu elibuhlungu kuba ethanda kakhulu ukuvakashela Commander Islands njalo ngonyaka. Izinyanga elihle kunawo ukuvakashela kulezi zindawo kukhona July, August no-September. Namuhla, imizila ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo athuthukile esiqiwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola pass ukuvakashela rookeries ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Lapha uzobona lenqwaba izilwane futhi ukwazi isithombe.

Ukuthola lapho

Ngaphambi Commander Islands engafinyelelwa ngendiza, indiza noma ulwandle. Kusukela Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ukuba Bering Isiqhingi kufanele unqobe 735 amakhilomitha. izinkambo Marine e Reserve the Commander ihlelwe njalo.

lapho ukuze uhlale

Njengomthetho, zivakashi indawo endaweni ababezolala kuyo ebusuku edolobhaneni Nikolskoye. Kaningi, abahleli izinkambo amanzi ukunikela yokuhlala sihlale ukhululekile lwemikhumbi.