Granite (idwala): izici futhi izakhiwo. egwadle ezifakwa

Nge-latin "granite" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "okusanhlamvu". Kuyinto omkhulu grained rock mlilo, okuyinto kwamiswa inqubo Ukupholisa akusheshi futhi solidification of magma ngesikhathi ukujula okwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsuka walo zingabangela metamorphism, ngamanye amazwi, uma granitisation izinhlobo ezahlukene. Isikhathi esining impela udumo afanayo egwadle magmatic, metamorphic futhi imvelaphi okuxubile. Granite - idwala, okuvame kakhulu ungqimba lomhlaba.

Sikhishwe izici zayo, singasho ukuthi kuyinto impahla okuhlala kakhulu, lapho ukwakhiwa kuvamile impela. Omunye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlobo ubhekwa ngamandla alo aphezulu.

izinga

1. Amandla. Granite - rock, okuyinto ukumelana ezahlukene nokuhuzuka, kokucindezelwa nokungqubuzana. Leli tshe obukhulu kakhulu (amandla ayo compressive ka 90-250 MPA).
2. Ukuvikeleka. egwadle okuncane isiqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuqala ukwehluleka emva kweminyaka 500, ngaleyo ndlela futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i itshe "engunaphakade '.
3. Ukumelana acid kanye izenzakalo ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Granite - kungcono itshe kangcono umhlobiso ingaphandle lemizi.
4. Imvelo abanobungane. Yemvelo-radioactivity izinga nobungako eyinhloko granites oluhambisana ekilasini lokuqala. Ngamanye amazwi, benza Kushisa bhé kule ndawo Safety, futhi ngenxa yalokho efanelekayo zonke izinhlobo ukwakhiwa.
5. Ukuvikela amanzi. Lokhu kubuye omkhulu sici egwadle. Umswakama ke cishe ayikwazi ukudonsa. Yingakho itshe efanelekayo ambozwe zezakhiwo, embankments nokunye.
6. Ukujula ukwakheka. Unpolished itshe anolaka ukuthi ubamba ukukhanya futhi yona-iphucuziwe ukuze kukhanye elimangalisayo, okubonisa emhlabeni ukukhanya umdlalo inclusions ka mica - amathuba zokuhlobisa lokhu yezimbiwa uyakwazi ukuhumusha eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo design imibono.
7. A elikhulu umbala Palette. I amaminerali ezivamile ubhekwa grey, kodwa futhi wathola legwadle obomvu, osawolintshi, pink, esiluhlaza, oluhlaza-grey.
8. Ukuhambelana nezinye izinto. It is kahle kuhlangene metal, izinkuni, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa e umkhakha lanamuhla ukwakhiwa. Angaba "bamba" kuyo yonke ingaphakathi - kusukela ultra-yanamuhla ukuba zakudala.

usayizi Granites okusanhlamvu zihlukaniswe zibe:

• okuncane;
• medium-;
• indawo.

Uma sicabangela itshe esihle, isici egwadle yalolu hlobo kuzohluka kakhulu nabanye. Leli qembu eliphikisa ukucindezeleka mechanical ngcono kakhulu. Ngo ukusebenza, ugqoke ngaphezulu nombala lapho ukufuthelana kancane crack amelana weathering.

Leli qembu eqolo futhi eliphezulu. Ukumelana kulomcimbi ekubhujisweni, ukumelana namanzi futhi amandla aphezulu. amasampula Maholoholo zinezikhathi enganele umlilo ukumelana. Lapho ukufuthelana ngenhla 600˚S baqala QHAHAZA anda ivolumu. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi emizini emva imililo avame ukubonakala egwadle aqhephukile izitebhisi futhi izinyathelo.

Naphezu ukuminyana esihle futhi amandla, itshe icutshungulwe kalula: emihle, luze cut. It has kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo, ngoba walokho ngokuvamile isetshenziswa heater.

Yiqiniso, izici ezingenhla abhekwa izinzuzo le nto. Kodwa itshe egwadle has nezihibe. Ububi main kubhekwa isisindo sayo esindayo, sibonga yena ingenye eziqine yokuqedela izinto. Lesi sici kumele kunakwe uma udala emisebenzini yokwakha.

Ukwakheka wezakhiwo futhi Chemical

Granite - rock, esesikhundleni luyimbudumbudu crystal nesakhiwo. alkalis lesimo, ecebile Silica, kuyilapho yensimbi, magnesium calcium equkethe ezimbalwa.

Ukwakheka amaminerali e ukubaluleka kwalo kusho:

• feldspars - 60-65%;
• asebenza ngebhethri - 25-30%;
• namaminerali amnyama-ezinemibala - 5-10%.

Umbala idwala kwasekuqaleni incike uhlobo samanje feldspar e kwengoma. Ngokuvamile, umbala salo ezimpunga shades ezahlukene obomvu, bomvana, ompunga, blue, orange, ngezinye izikhathi esiluhlaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka luhlaza amnyama-anemibala abathintekayo izingxenye. Lezi zici edwaleni bavame ukunikeza umbala omnyama, ngokuvamile oluhlaza. Isibonelo iyona egwadle yantsevsky.

Kodwa asebenza ngebhethri ngokuvamile kungekho nto enemibala emihle, ngakho-ke, ubunjalo nombala ayiphazamiseki. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ngezinye izikhathi bethola amaminerali asebenza ngebhethri nge black, okungenani - purplish-pink. amaminerali kakhulu ezingavamile ezibhekwa ukuba asebenza ngebhethri okwesibhakabhaka. izici Iningi Ornamental - ekukhanyeni imiklamo emihle grey nge Tint oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, funa kuyinto oluhlaza kakhulu futhi egwadle abomvu.

ukubukeka

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, mineral kabanzi ukwakhiwa. Lokhu kuchazwe kalula. Granite - sedimentary idwala, okuyinto ophucuziwe kahle. I etholwe esibukweni ebusweni ngenkathi sigcina isikhathi eside esimweni usebenzisa ukwaziswa udonga lwangaphandle.

Futhi itshe kulula ukusebenza, kulula ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene. Relief ukuthungwa egwadle ebusweni uqokomisa isakhiwo omkhulukazi, ebese enikeza nomphumela ezithakazelisayo zokuhlobisa ukukhanya nasethunzini play.

Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa itshe ukuthungwa etholwe kuphela emva kokwelashwa ukushisa. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ukuba shades ukukhanya grey okuyizinto emva kokwelashwa cishe ushukela-mhlophe.

idiphozi

Ifomu eyinhloko nesenzakalo ezibhekwa batholiths. Zimelela afanayo enkulu amahektha ambalwa. Ngokuvamile, zohlobo itholakala ifomu esitokisini, dikes kanye naleminye imitimba awayiphazamisi. Ngezinye izikhathi amafomu amaminerali emizimbeni eziningana tabular nese amatshe sedimentary futhi metamorphic.

Uma sikhuluma egwadle imali, mithandazo utholakala ku ngamunye amazwekazi. Ngokuyinhloko, kuziwa kwamanzi kulezo zindawo, okuyinto ayenzelwe yamadwala lasendulo, lapho, ngenxa ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye denudation izinqubo iphutha ukubhujiswa overburden.

E-US, lolu hlobo itholakala enyakatho yezwe, ngasogwini Atlantic, e ezintabeni Black Hills futhi inhliziyo Ozark Plateau. Itshe limbiwa Georgia, Wisconsin, South Dakota futhi Vermont.

Futhi kuvamile ezweni lethu. Esikhathini post-operation cishe 200 imali. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo: Mokryanskoe, Malokohnovskoe, Mikashevichi.

Ensimini ka Russia egwadle yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi e-Karelian-Kola esifundeni e-Eastern eSiberia, esifundeni esise-Ural, eMpumalanga Ekude ne eCaucasus. Namuhla sekunoFakazi amahlanu Amasimu, lapho isiqeshana akhishwa amaminerali. Granite imfucumfucu futhi amabhodlela misela Lake Ladoga, Onega, Arkhangelsk futhi Voronezh izifunda, phezu Karelian Isthmus, ku eChelyabinsk Sverdlovsk izifunda, eKhabarovsk Krai futhi Primorye, e-East Transbaikalia. Excellent izici zokuhlobisa ziyehluka rapakivi misela enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe, ngaphezu, bayigugu futhi amazanitovye izinhlobo Trans-iBaikal futhi Ilmen ezintabeni. Isethi Amasimu akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ku-amatshe kanye imfucumfucu. Kuzo, njengoba kudingeka, kukhishwe amabhlogo egwadle elenziwe imihlobiso.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana egwadle, zizokwenziwa zibe okuzoxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni ngezansi.

Gabbro-diabase

Lokhu ezimangelengele egwadle iyunifomu black umbala, ne izilongotshane elincane grey. aqoqana Excellent, bese unika ukushisa kulo lonke mass ukufuthelana ngokulinganayo, kwezinhlobo omude kunayo yonke akaphelelwa izinga ezipholisha futhi izakhiwo kwezobuciko.

Leli tshe ubhekwa zokwakha ekilasini 1st. Akenzi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana engahluziwe eziyingozi, akusiyo enemisebe. Kulokhu, lo Karelian gabbro-diabase - idwala kumiswa eyingqayizivele, okuyinto ayinakho analogue kwezinye izifunda zezwe lethu.

I amaminerali isetshenziswa ukwenziwa umgwaqo itshe block (block KaMose, kuvuleke amabhlogo, curbs), womshini izinto elingaphakathi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene isiko, ukucacisa imishini, landscape design njengetshe phansi e wokwakha. Luhle umhlobiso elingaphakathi olungaphambili lwesonto izakhiwo, kukhona ingxenye phezu amatshe kanye amabhodlela esetshenziselwa heater e sauna nokugeza.

Ezweni konke, kukhona 3 endaweni eyinhloko itshe block isizinda:

• Ukrainian gabbro-diabase, Karelian okuyinto njengabangelutho, kodwa ushibhile pheze ngesiquntu. Njengamanje iqukethe inqwaba yensimbi ukungcola, okuyinto elilulaza ikhwalithi yemikhicito eseqedile, kulesi simo esetshenziswe esithombeni itshe ngokushesha buphela.
• Australian gabbro-diabase, Karelian ezifanayo izinga, nakuba kwaba ezibizayo nokunye okuningi.
• Gabbro, diabase Karelian elinendawo umbala omnyama, nemihuzuko ongaphakeme, high izakhiwo zokuhlobisa, ukuqina, ukumelana ezibandayo, eside aqhubeke ewakhelela olwehlela ke.

Kususelwa ibhalansi izinga nentengo, phezu Karelian gabbro-diabase funa liphakeme. Ngakho-ke njalo ngonyaka kancane kancane kwandisa. Ukuthandwa ukusetshenziswa amaminerali Karelian ngenxa ukuqina yayo futhi amandla. Leli tshe yilo cishe hhayi ekuthonyweni engakhi imvelo. Kuyinto isikhathi eside unawo izakhiwo zemabula, futhi izimpawu zokuqala kakhulu ukwehluleka avele kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu.

"Shanxi Black" (egwadle Chinese)

egwadle Chinese - rock abamnyama, okuyinto kubhekwa omunye the best kakhulu emhlabeni. He khiqiza e enyakatho yeChina, esifundazweni Shanxi. Inzuzo Its main - a abamnyama abacebile okujulile esincane inclusions. Isetshenziselwa mbumbulu, umhlobiso ingaphakathi, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ngetinhloso letehlukene, izikhumbuzo kanye izikhumbuzo.

Shoksha

Lokhu egwadle njengegazi, intengo etholakala kakhulu - cishe 10 000 ruble / t misela e-Republic of Karelia .. It libhekene amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Izazi zithi imikhiqizo eyenziwe ke iminyaka engaphezu kuka-600, ngeke ulahlekelwe ezakheke ngayo. Yena ehlotshisiwe mausoleums, izigodlo kanye izikhumbuzo. Imibhalo Eqoshiwe kanye portrait ulotshwe Shoksha okungafani ukubukeka.

"Kapustinsky" granite

Lokhu-non-iyunifomu indawo, rose ebomvu, elikhanyayo, omkhulu, egwadle vysokodekorativny, okuyinto libuyekeza bathi ubuhle bayo ngendlela engakholeki. Field yokusetshenziswa efanelekayo womshini ezinezikhoxe, kanye nezinye izakhiwo, lathumela ukuba alinikeze izakhi kwetakhiwo, izakhiwo, ezindaweni lapho okusezingeni eliphezulu imiva yezakhiwo. Asetshenziswa kokuqeda inkumbulo ethempelini esisogwini Poklonnaya Hill, endaweni Manezhnoj. Insimu ku Kirov esifundeni, Ukraine.

labradorite

Kuyinto itshe yemvelo okuyinto entabeni-luyimbudumbudu crystalline idwala. Labradorite avele ekujuleni magmatic. Bahlanganyela aqukethe plagioclase, okuyinto feldspar. Isakhiwo namaminerali crystalline. It ihlukaniswe yaba rocks naphakathi-grained futhi indawo-grained.

Labradorite - uhlobo anorthosite. Igama befika kusukela idiphozi yabo kokuqala - lokho okuthiwa Peninsula eCanada. Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa zamatshe wemvelo okwenzeka kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise Ukraine futhi Finland. ERussia, kukhona ezifakwa ezinkulu. Izinhlaka amaminerali lokuqala ezatholakala Kievan Rus - ke le egwadle iye yasetshenziswa kuphela njengoba itshe ebhekene, ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa ukuhlobisa izakhiwo omkhulukazi.

Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu egwadle grey noma amnyama. namaminerali Mafic nje ukunikeza itshe nice umthunzi omnyama. The main izakhiwo labradorites kuyinto frost nokumelana kwazo futhi amandla aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, la matshe zivame kakhulu esetshenziselwa umhlobiso Ingaphandle zezakhiwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, egwadle is zihlukaniswa izakhiwo kwezakhiwo kanye textural.

porphyry

Lokhu egwadle Ural iqukethe inclusions side noma icwecwe eliqophayo, okuyinto zingafani usayizi (ongafinyelela 10 amasentimitha) kumtimba main. Ngokuvamile emelelwa orthoclase, asebenza ngebhethri futhi microcline.

pegmatoid

Lokhu idwala eliyigwadle iyunifomu isici namatshana. Usayizi inclusions ka feldspar futhi asebenza ngebhethri - mayelana 3 ngamasentimitha.

egwadle Finnish

Lokhu egwadle - rock igneous nge isici oyindilinga nezimagqabhagqabha eziningi of luhlaza orthoclase obomvu ngamasentimitha abafinyelela kwabahlanu, sizungezwe iphethelo oligoclase oluluhlaza noma mpunga. Indima ngobuningi therein kuphuma okusanhlamvu aggregate orthoclase, plagioclase, hornblende, asebenza ngebhethri futhi biotite.

gneissose

Lokhu Ural is nombala grained itshe egwadle nge ezivamile isici indawo-okusanhlamvu parallel orientation hornblende efanayo noma mica ishq.

egwadle pegmatitic

Omunye kwezinhlobo ezivamile kubhekwa pegmatite egwadle, eyakhiwa muscovite, asebenza ngebhethri futhi orthoclase. omele ejwayelekile kwalesi silwane - okubizwa ngokuthi egwadle ebhaliwe, feldspar okuyinto lukhula nemiklamo elincane asebenza ngebhethri mncane nhlonhlo ukuma.

egwadle Leznikovsky

amandla akhethekile ukuthandwa ezahlukene leznikovsky obomvu pink-bomvu egwadle, ngakho okuthiwa ngokuvumelana negama ensimini yakho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kangaka okuthiwa izinhlobo eziningi egwadle. Ngokwesibonelo, itshe obomvu - Mezhdurechensk Simonov, tokovsky, Emelyanovsky, Kapustinsky. Futhi nangu grey egwadle korninsky, Pokostivske, zhezhelevsky, uSophia.

rapakivi

Omunye ezithakazelisayo uhlobo yezimbiwa rapakivi. Kuyinto kumiswa porphyritic nge okuqukethwe ovoids.

egwadle mhlophe

Iphinde kwenzeka ngo egwadle emhlophe. Yini rock asikwazi ukuphendula konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lo mqondo ngaphezulu sihlangene, mhlophe njengokukhanya ngokuthi amatshe ezimhlophe namanye amaminerali shades ukukhanya. Umbala ziyahlukahluka kusuka pearl grey oluhlaza ukukhanya.

isicelo

Ngo lanamuhla egwadle ukwakhiwa abaningi ngakho wasebenzisa ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuthi izinto ezahlukene ngempela.

imininingwane ingaphakathi

Cornices, ifasitela Sills, komzila, baseboards, countertops, ibha eziqongweni, ikhofi amatafula, amakholomu, balusters - okusezingeni eliphezulu itshe amandla kuzokuvumela oda mikhiqizo kusukela egwadle, futhi kuzohlala iminyaka eminingi.

Izitebhisi, iphansi

Granite - material ngezinga eliphansi nemihuzuko. Uma uzothatha endlini yakho ezitebhisini wabantu million ngonyaka, bayiqede awusekho esiteji, bazokwazi lungene 0.12 mm.

Interior kanye yokuqedela Ingaphandle

Granite - kungcono impahla ergonomic kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa ukukunikeza ukuhlala ukhululekile kakhulu isakhiwo.

Landscaping

Rockeries, slide eziphakeme, amachibi ezincanyana izingadi Japanese, wenza egwadle, indawo yakho izokwengeza okwakhe bafunde nangendlela engokwemvelo.

Curbs, kuvuleke amatshe zokuhamba, izinyathelo

Granite isetshenziswa ngempumelelo lezo zindawo lapho "ukukhuthazela" omkhulu liyadingeka. Mineral amelana ukungcoliswa amakhemikhali, mechanical ukucindezeleka futhi lokushisa izinguquko, ngoba impahla yayo musa ukushintsha phezu imijikelezo eziningi ukuqanda incibilikiswa.

Ukubhekana embankments

Granite neze ungamunca umswakama, futhi ikhule ezimbotsheni itshe lapho kwakhiwa ke izinga lokushisa kwamanzi eqandisiwe is ngaphakathi ibhekene nengcindezi ezengeziwe, okungaholela ukubhujiswa idwala kanye kumiswa imifantu.

granite pavers

Ukusetshenziswa kuvuleke amatshe kusukela izinkulungwane itshe zeminyaka. Ngokwe-Roman imigwaqo cobbled futhi namuhla ungahamba abadumile lasendulo; Street amatshe Kuvuleke ingatholakala ingxenye endala njalo dolobha European idolobha; ezweni lanamuhla, lapho ukucubungula egwadle kusukela amakhosi akubangi nobunzima, imigwaqo itshe nokhonkolo kancane kancane esikhundleni futhi asphalt.

izakhiwo Magic

Kungase kubonakale efika kuqala, ukuthi egwadle, izithombe ezingafaneleki okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, ayinayo ezinye izakhiwo imilingo, njengoba ezindlini yesimanje kanye nezindlu it is kabanzi umhlobiso, futhi ngenxa yalokho oqhubeka kuphela ingxenye yobuhle. Kodwa-ke kunobufakazi lokhu yezimbiwa uyakwazi ukwenza ukuphila komuntu.

Granite elalizokwakhiwa e okugeza ubudala. Kuye kwaba iyindawo ehlanzeke kunazo okuyinto umuntu ayengathola khona uphumule njalo. Nasi umbuzo ayigcinanga ngokuchaza elikhangayo futhi yokwakha yaseGrisi itshe, kodwa ukuthi amaminerali ongavikela izakhiwo kanye umuntu kusukela amandla omubi.

Kukhona isisho esidumile: "badla egwadle isayensi". Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke wathola ithuba. Granite (ematsheni kule incazelo, akunandaba) anezakhi ukuze sikhuthaze emakhonweni kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo.

Red Granite umuntu esiza ukuthola nokuqonda mutual nezwe, kwandisa umuzwa yayo, nomnikazi kwenza siphendule kakhulu futhi sikulungele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.

ayelapha

Granite, okuyinto isithombe kungatholakala lokhu kubuyekezwa, spectrum ezibanzi ayelapha ezingasetshenziswa lula izifo ezihlukahlukene sina. Phakathi kwabo - pneumonia, isifuba somoya, isifo senhliziyo, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

Stone for imikhuhlane ekusizeni ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, kuba nomphumela omuhle ku yomgogodla nezihlanganiso, lapho kukhona izinkinga nabo.

mascot

Granite - Lona mascot kangcono abantu abaye bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi isayensi noma pedagogy. Mineral ulola umuzwa, sithuthukisa inkumbulo futhi eba ukucabanga okunengqondo nokunye. N.

Imikhiqizo kusukela legwadle kungaba izintelezi ephelele othisha nabafundisi, bayakwazi ukusiza ukuthola indlela abafundi enenkani nzima, kanye ukunqoba ukuthembeka kwabo.

Granite - mineral ne energy oqondile olungenamkhawulo, okuyinto akulimazi kunoma ubani, ngakho-ke, akufanele besatshwe abantu.

Granite: Izibuyekezo

Ngenxa egwadle okudume kakhulu ukwakhiwa, lapho ngenhlanhla isetshenzisiwe amakhulu eminyaka, izibuyekezo ngeke kube nzima ukuthola. Cishe bonke ababelemikhumbi ukubhekana nalokhu impahla emangalisayo, bayahlonishwa amandla ayo high kanye nokusebenza okuhle. Okunye kuyabethusa izindleko zawo. Kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene namaminerali kungenzeka intengo ezahlukene. Ngakho ungakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhetha inketho esifanele ngawe.