Panspermia - it is a umbono mayelana nokuvela kokuphila Emhlabeni. ubufakazi panspermia

Phakathi mbono eziphathelene umsuka wokuphila Emhlabeni panspermia hypothesis ophethe endaweni ekhethekile. Lo mqondo ngempela ezingavamile. Lithi eziphilayo eplanethini yethu ine imvelo cosmic. ngemibungu yayo kwalethwa emhlabeni nomunye nendikimba ethile esemkhathini (isb inkanyezi enomsila) noma umkhumbi alien. Panspermia - lokho umbono, ukubukeka okuyinto lihlotshaniswa igama sefilosofi lasendulo-Aristotle. Abasekeli kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela iye esasiphila ngekhulu XVII-XVIII. Gotfrid Leybnits. Nokho, kuphela ekuqaleni we panspermia XX leminyaka ke saphela eyifilosofi futhi bathola izizathu ezahlukene kanye models.

panspermia ngemisebe

Ngo-1908, usosayensi Swedish Svante Arrhenius ukubeka phambili umqondo, ngokuthi panspermia theory yokukhishwa kwemisebe. I-physics wasikisela ukuthi ezinhlamvu webhaktheriya aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala emhlabeni ngemva abasuka ekude yonke. Isizathu salokhu "kufuduka" Arrhenius wazizwa yokucindezela kwelanga (ukukhanya noma ezinye inkanyezi enkulu).

Lo mbono panspermia has abalandeli abaningi. I cishe ukuphila yokhokho, lezi ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi Venus, lapho amabhaktheriya ukushisa ukumelana ungathola Emhlabeni ngesikhathi namaplanethi amabili kwakungasehlane laseBeti esiphezulu ibangana nomunye.

Factor ukukhanya ingcindezi

Ukuba khona ingcindezi ukukhanya phambi Arrhenius wazibonakalisa physics Ucwaningo Russian uPyotr Lebedev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlaziye umthelela lesi simanga kwi Lycopodium ezinhlamvu (Lycopodium). Kule ndaba, ekhulwini XIX, imfundiso yokuziphendukela panspermia sasekelwa uFerdinand Cohn, Justus von Liebig, Germanom Gelmgoltsem, futhi abanye ososayensi ovelele ngesikhathi sakhe.

Nokho, ngekhulu le-XX, lo mqondo ibilokhu wagxeka abacwaningi eziningi ezahlukene. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-Iosif Shklovsky, UCarl Sagan nabanye. Abaphikisi uphike ubufakazi panspermia, ngezizathu zokuthi yesikhathi eside isikhala kufuduka ngeke akwenze ngaphandle elimazayo umthamo ingxabano ngemisebe.

izivakashi isikhala

Esikhathini generalized ifomu kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela panspermia ifundeka ukuthi cleaner, okuyinto angahamba ngesikhathi eside siphephele bacterium, akufanele ukugxambukela ukuphila kwabo, njengoba amazinga okushisa ngo-eliphansi kakhulu, amaseli zivaliwe (utiligi). Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izivakashi ezinjalo ukuze "vuka" ngokushesha ngemva kokufika kwakhe emhlabeni, lapho asungula ukhululekile sibonga sezulu nokuthuka kuqondana izimo eziningi.

Imibono engenhla ukulahlwa izazi zanamuhla. Ucwaningo e-laboratory kuye kwabonisa ukuthi nasemkhathini ongenawo umoya isikhathi cell umane Kuqhuma ngenxa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi superfast siqu. Ngenxa yale nqubo izilokazane ezincane ayafa ngokweqile ingcindezi zangaphakathi. Lena i-agumenti eyinhloko ochwepheshe abakholelwa ukuthi panspermia emisebeni - inganekwane.

Litopanspermiya

Olunye uhlobo panspermia - litopanspermiya. Umuntu owasungula le imfundiso yokuziphendukela Melvin Calvin babekholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni ukuphila ungathola emhlabeni, kanye meteorite. Kuze kube manje, umqondo panspermia engakaze usekelwe invoyisi okuhambisanayo.

Emhlabeni ngempela uthole izinsalela encane emkhathini wokushiswa emkhathini. izinto ezinjalo wafunda ezihlukahlukene ososayensi, kodwa akekho oye kodwa ukwazile uwathole noma kuzo komkhondo zokuphila. Ososayensi kuphela kuyifomu kwezinto eziphilayo (isb ama-fatty acid nama-amino acid).

umqondo inkanyezi enomsila

Omunye umbono mayelana nokuvela kokuphila emhlabeni, elihlobene ne panspermia, okubizwa ngokuthi ithiyori enomsila evezwa incwadi Freda Hoyla "ifu ephilayo". Encwadini le, umlobi wazama ukuveza ukubaluleka umqondo wabo ngesibonelo jikelele igciwane kubhubhane (kuhlanganise isibonelo umkhuhlane waseSpain ekuqaleni XX leminyaka). Hoyle wasikisela ukuba ezifana isifo mass (bhubhane) zingachazwa ngezinqubo imvelaphi yabo cometary. Ngendlela efanayo njengoba amagciwane, Earth ungase uthole ukuphila, umlobi uthi.

Have izingxabano zabo kanye nezitha imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka cometary amagciwane. virologists Iningi labantu liyavumelana nokuthi, isibonelo, ubhubhane umkhuhlane e-Hong Kong ngesikhathi 1968-1969. ayizwakali inengqondo kakhulu uchaza yokudlulisela ukutheleleka kumuntu nomuntu futhi kwemvelo yayo ekulweni amasosha omzimba, ngaphandle umqondo lezimpande zayo cosmic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, litopansermiya - umbono ocatshangelwayo ukuthi angeke sachaza njengoba Meteor nge-bacterium wangena yesimiso sonozungezilanga esuka kwenye ohlelweni inkanyezi, lapho, mhlawumbe, zikhona izimpawu zokuphila.

panspermia iqondiswe

Ngo-1970-yalolucwaningo. emphakathini yesayensi kukhona omunye umbono ngesibindi umsuka wokuphila Emhlabeni - panspermia iqondiswe. Lo mbono kwakungeke uma hhayi isihloko bese-ethandwa intelligence ezisemkhathini. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi panspermia iqondiswe, imbewu yokuqala ekuphileni ukuvela eMhlabeni ngomyalo wabaholi impucuko ethile, ekhona endaweni ethile ekujuleni isikhala. Mhlawumbe ezinhlamvu namagciwane ithunyelwe emshinini ekhethekile, futhi owenza konke ukuze kwakhiwe leli koloni noma lwesayensi.

Abasekeli umqondo ka panspermia iqondiswe njengobufakazi bokuthi yayo sikhunjuzwa ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kufanele isakhiwo sabo ezingajwayelekile eplanethini yethu izinsimbi, kuhlanganise molybdenum. Esinye isizathu itholakala uhlobo isimiso sezakhi zofuzo. Umsuka zalesi simo is akukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Ngenxa izindawo eziningi ezimhlophe bavele ezizathwini ekwenzekeni kwento engenakwenzeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi umbono ka panspermia iqondiswe. Abalweli Bokholo wayo bacabanga ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni bavela kukhokho oyedwa (silwanyana), lalivela lapha sibonga impucuko ezisemkhathini. Okwamanje, kukhona namanje akukho bufakazi obukhanyayo bokuba khona nezakhamuzi lapho sihanjelwe yilaba babonisi Earth.

uthuli cosmic

Enye panspermicheskaya hypothesis yangempela ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi kwamiswa umhlaba ngothuli cosmic, elalibe yisikhungo amagciwane zokuphila. Kulokhu, ama-bacterium iphuze kuphela ekugcineni lokushisa esitebeleni emhlabeni omusha. Nokho, ososayensi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uma nisanda khona, umhlaba ibhola elibomvu, okuyinto uye waqhubeka kuphole phezu izigidi zeminyaka.

Noma kunjalo uthuli cosmic othwala zokuphila ungase uthole eplanethini yethu kamuva kakhulu. Lona omunye umbono, okuyinto iphakamisa panspermia. Kafushane, la ezizathwini kukhona untenable ukuthi ngawo-1970. Akabanga kuhlanganise nososayensi Soviet Lev Mukhin. Noma yimuphi compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi organic ngaphambi avele emhlabeni, kumelwe azinqobe emkhathini woMhlaba, lapho combusted kanye emkhathini kanye nezinye izinto isikhala.

imvula "Live"

mpikiswano kwakamuva mayelana nohlobo kwathí isikhala ngo-2001, lapho isimo Indian saseKerala kwaba nemvula obomvu esiyingqayizivele. I wedwa zalesi simo yemvelo wayengeyena nje engalindelekile okuqinile. Ofakazi bokuzibonela imvula ukuthi imvula ngaphambi zabona iziphepho kokuvamile ukukhanya igqamuka enamandla.

Lo mkhuba imvula obomvu uye yabakhanga lososayensi nayizimfundamakhwela kusukela emhlabeni wonke. nezifundo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imbangela yangempela ezingezona ezemvelo izinhlayiya nombala steel ababekhona emanzini ngesimo a slurry. emizweni abawaphoqayo babe izingxabano. Ukuze Abasekeli panspermia leli qiniso kungobunye agumenti esivuna umqondo yomsuka cosmic zokuphila emhlabeni.

imvula yokuqala enjalo esuka ezinhlamvu, okuyinto ngaphambi emhlabeni akakaze akwazi ukuya khona phezu Earth izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule? Izazi eziningi ngokuhunyushwa izenzakalo eNdiya noma kunjalo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi lezinhlamvu eyawela kanye nemvula obomvu, ingeyamakhosi epiphytes - izitshalo ingqondo ethandwa okhulayo yonke indawo kule ngxenye yezwe. Ngakho, precipitations babe isiqephu kwegazi kuphela izinto eziningi eziphilayo endalweni. Noma kunjalo, isiqephu semvula obomvu Kerala kwabonisa ukuthi ngombandela engase yenzeke ikoloni zokuphila Earth.

Ukufuna uyaqhubeka

Kuze kube manje, akekho futhi ayikwazanga ukuthola ubufakazi lokuphila ngemva Umhlaba (kufaka phakathi ndaba meteoritic exhunywe iplanethi sesithathu sonozungezilanga emkhathini). Ngezikhathi, abezindaba avele Imininingwane ukuthusa ngemiphumela enjalo, kepha eqinisweni kuba incazelo eyiphutha amaqiniso noma amanga ngenhloso. Ngokuvamile, ukuba behlise isidumbu sayo ukuthatha compounds wezinto ezifana virus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awela emhlabeni, ndaba cosmic "angcolile" kwasemhlabeni, elibuye ephambanisa obuka.

Zonke lezi zimpikiswano abonisa ukuthi panspermia - umbono ocatshangelwayo ezingabazisayo, okuyinto akanayo base ubufakazi. Nokho, lokhu kugxeka kwabo ngokwesayensi akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa nabaningi abathanda qhubekani ukusesha agumenti ukusekela imibono enjalo.