Nabasunguli wazile. Omkhulu okusungulile isintu

Inventors nabadumile ezweni udale izinto eziningi ewusizo ngesintu. inzuzo yabo emphakathini kungaba neze overestimated. okutholakele eminingi okhazimulayo ezisindisile ukuphila ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Bangobani - abasunguli, owaziwa ngokuba imiklamo yabo ehlukile?

Archimedes

Le ndoda yayihlale hhayi kuphela isazi sezibalo esikhulu. Siyabonga kuye, umhlaba wonke wazi ukuthi inkulu esibukweni lokuvimbezela isikhali. Enye intuthuko owaziwa best - Archimedes isikulufa (auger), nge okuyinto kungenzeka ukuba ngempumelelo bailing. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa namuhla.

ULeonardo da Vinci

Abaqambi, ezazidume ngokutshala imibono yabo brilliant musa banethuba ukuhumushela imibono ku-senzo. Ngokwesibonelo, parachute amapulani, izindiza, amarobhothi, amathangi, futhi ibhayisikili, eyabonakala ngenxa umsebenzi odinga isineke ngempela by uLeonardo da Vinci, isikhathi eside wahlala ongaceli. Ngaleso sikhathi nje azange abe onjiniyela kanye namathuba ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo nabafuna izikhundla.

uThomas Edison

Umsunguli wendlela igilamafoni, izinkulumo tube isithombe kanye ne-microphone yefoni kwaba isazi sesayensi esidumile American. Ngo-January 1880-ke wakhipha yephathenti ngesibani esikhipha, kamuva elaba Edison edumile yonke le mbulunga. Nokho, abanye ungacabangi kuye ungungqondongqondo, siphawula ukuthi abasunguli, ezazidume ngokutshala ngentuthuko yalo, wasebenza yedwa. Kepha u-Edison, wabasiza iqembu labantu.

Nikola Tesla

I ezisunguliwe enkulu yalesi ubuhlakani wafika ukuphila kuphela okukhona emva kokufa kwakhe. Konke kuchazwe nje: Tesla kwaba njalo indoda Phendla, ukuthi akekho owayazi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa yemizamo kohlelo usosayensi polyphase ka zamanje kagesi kwatholakala ezaholela ukuvela ugesi kwezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakha izisekelo wamarobhothi, wesayensi yenuzi, computer science kuqhubeke.

Aleksandr Grem Bell

abaqambi abaningi, ezazidume ngokutshala abakutholile, futhi sisizwa ukuba senze ukuphila kwethu kangcono. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana Aleksandre Belle. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe onzima wabantu ungakwazi ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile, ngokuba izinkulungwane amakhilomitha ngaphandle, futhi bonke - ngenxa ifoni. Bell futhi owasungula le audiometer - idivayisi ekhethekile inquma ubuthulu; kudivayisi ukucinga engcebweni - sibonelo of metal detector yesimanje; indiza yokuqala emhlabeni; ngwenya imodeli Alexander uqobo wabiza isikebhe hydrofoil.

Karl Benz

Lokhu usosayensi yenze ngokuphumelelayo umcondvo lobalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe: imoto nge motor. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kuye, thina manje nethuba ukugibela izimoto. Enye okusungulile eyigugu Benz - yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Kamuva, ukukhiqizwa inkampani imoto elalihlelwe ngayo, namuhla waziwa emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu-Mercedes Benz.

Edwin Land

Lokhu umsunguli abadumile French uye wanikela ukuphila kwakhe izithombe. Ngo-1926, wakwazi ukuvula uhlobo olusha polarizer, kamuva wathola igama "Polaroid". Land wasungula inkampani Polaroid ikhiphe patent nomunye ezisunguliwe 535.

Charlz Bebbidzh

Lokhu usosayensi waseBrithani ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye wasebenza phezu kwendalo i-computer yokuqala. Nguye uqambe okokuhlonza idivayisi Computing umshini. Ngoba lapho isintu akanawo ulwazi nolwazi oludingekayo, imizamo Babbage zehlulekile yimpumelelo. Nokho, imibono brilliant kungukuthi Ngishoné lwanyamalala: Howard Aiken futhi Konrad Tsuze ephethwe eyisebenzisa phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

uBenjamin Franklin

Lokhu owaziwa sezombusazwe, umbhali, ohlakaniphile, satirist futhi sikahulumeni wayebuye usosayensi othile. I ezisunguliwe isixuku esikhulu sesintu, obonile sibonga ukukhanya Franklin, lokhu izibuko bifocal kanye nezimo ipayipi urinary, futhi induku umbani. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: Benjamin ngokuyinhloko hhayi lobunikazi noma iyiphi yezinto, ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi bonke - ifa lwesintu.

UJerome Hal Lemelson

Okunjalo enkulu okusungulile abantu njengoba nomshini we-fax, ucingo olungenantambo, ezenzakalelayo isitoreji futhi iteyipu ikhasethi, ziye wethulwa emphakathini uJerome Lemelson. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ososayensi baye basungula ubuchwepheshe kwedayimane ezinye amadivaysi ezokwelapha ezisiza wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Lokhu ubuhlakani baqaphela ezihlukahlukene Sciences ihlelwe eyunivesithi kuqala eRussia. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke okusungulile eyimfihlo Mikhail Vasilyevich - umshini emoyeni. Wawuhloselwe ukukhulisa mishini ekhethekile Meteorological. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ke Lomonosov kuyinto umsunguli we-prototype bezindiza yesimanje.

Ivan Kulibin

Lo muntu hhayi ngaphandle isizathu ebizwa ngokuthi omele bhá kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin ingane isencane isithakazelo nemigomo yeNhlangano Mechanics. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, thina manje zisebenzisa amadivayisi Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, iwashi ne alamu, amanzi oyibamba izinjini. Ngokokuqala wathi okusungulile okuthile eqanjiwe khulula. ubuhlakani Isibongo waze waba vu yasendlini. Kulibin manje bizelani kimi umuntu unekhono yokuthola izinto ezimangalisayo.

Sergei Korolev

Esikhathini sphere izidingo zakhe ukuthi inabasebenzi cosmonautics, imishini zezindiza, ukwakhiwa izinhlelo rocket-Isikhala missile izikhali. Sergey Pavlovich kakhulu nomthelela ukuhlola umkhathi. He qamba mkhathi "Vostok" futhi "Voskhod", imicibisholo anti-aircraft, "217" kanti imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo "212", kanye indiza rocket, ifakwe injini rocket.

Alexander Popov

Nguye owasungula izinto umsakazo futhi umsakazo usosayensi Russian. ukutholakala abahlukile kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe kweminyaka yocwaningo ku uhlobo esiphelweni.

I-physics omkhulu futhi unjiniyela kagesi azalelwe umpristi emndenini. Alexander wayenabafowabo nodadewabo abayisithupha. Kakade ebuntwaneni kwakhe Entela ebizwa uprofesa, njengoba Popov kwaba namahloni, Skinny, izinyane ungakhululekile, uyamzonda izimpi nemidlalo ezinomsindo. Esikhathini Perm Theological Seminary, u-Alexander S. waqala ukutadisha physics yencwadi Gano. yokuchitha isizungu yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu inhlangano amadivayisi elula lobuchwepheshe. Lamakhono wangena Ukugunda esikhathini esizayo uma udala Popov amathuluzi ngokomzimba ucwaningo lwazo ezibalulekile.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

Kuvulwa leli umsunguli omkhulu Russian bavunyelwe ukuletha ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya futhi Uhlelo isikhala ezingeni elisha. Ngo-1897 Tsiolkovsky sebeqedile ngomsebenzi umoya Umhubhe. Ngezibonelelo abazinikezele, ke kubalwa ukungawi ibhola, isilinda noma kweminye imizimba. Idatha etholwe eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngemisebenzi yakhe UNikolai Zhukovsky.

Ngo-1894 Tsiolkovsky wakha indiza nge uzimele metal, kodwa ithuba ukwakha leli thuluzi akazange avele engamashumi amabili kamuva.

evusa impikiswano. Umsunguli wendlela isibani - ungubani?

On ukudalwa iyunithi, ukukhanya ukuhlinzeka wasebenza ezikhathini zasendulo. I sibonelo yezibani anamuhla sobumba izimbiza Wicks eyenziwe lokuluhlaza ukotini. Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo batheleka esitsheni ezifana namafutha bazishisa. Izakhamuzi yoLwandle iCaspian lalisetshenziswa amadivayisi efanayo nezinye izinto nophethiloli - uwoyela. Amakhandlela wokuqala wenza Ephakathi babegqoka ngengcina yezinyosi. Owaziwa uLeonardo da Vinci kanzima ukwakha ngesibani samafutha, kodwa ephephile kudivayisi ukukhanyisa yasungulwa ngekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, wokuqala emhlabeni.

Mina namanje bengayeki mpikiswano mayelana nokuthi ubani isihloko zokuhlonipha ka "Inventor we isibani." Esokuqala uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov, wayesebenze ukuphila kwakhe ngogesi. He qamba hhayi kuphela isibani kodwa futhi ikhandlela kagesi. kudivayisi Kugcine kabanzi lisetshenziswe esehlanganise ezitaladini. Wonder ikhandlela ashisiwe ihora nesigamu, futhi ngemva kwalokho ukuzihlanza kwakumelwe avuselelwe kabusha.

Ngo 1872-1873 GG. unjiniyela Russian kanye umsunguli Lodygin wadala isibani sikagesi ngomqondo wesimanje wale nkulumo. Ekuqaleni, lukhipha ukukhanya imizuzu engamashumi amathathu, emva uzotshala air kusukela iyunithi kulokhu kwanda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama kokusungulwa amangalelwe esikhipha isibani Tomas Edison futhi Dzhozef Svan.

isiphetho

Nabasunguli emhlabeni wasinika kumadivayisi eziningi ezenza ukuphila kube mnandi futhi wehlukile. Inqubekela akusho yima, uma ngisho namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule ukusungula zonke okuzikhulula nje azange abe amakhono obuchwepheshe, namuhla ukuhumusha imiqondo ku isenzo lula kakhulu.