Leyden imbiza

Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sethu bajwayele kangaka kuwukubonakaliswa ngokoqobo, ukuthi ngokwezinga elithile wayeka eqaphela kubo. Abantu bahlala nokulindela okuthile ofuna ukuphumela obala, nakuba izimangaliso zangempela kakhulu elisizungezile. Kungaba yini elula kuka ukuchofoza inkinobho inkinobho ukuze isibani waphula ebumnyameni ekamelweni!? Noma ekhuphukela phansi, nje ngokuchofoza inkinobho ikheshi. Aint it kuyisimangaliso?

Nakuba isikhathi ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile kagesi amandla isintu sinawo ambalwa kuphela iminyaka, umlando umzuzwana nje, kwathiwa bathole okuningi phakathi naleso sikhathi. Ezinye eyaziwa kahle futhi manje (okuyinto owaziwa umthetho Ohm sika!), Futhi omunye ukhunjulwa kuphela yizazimlando, ngezinye izikhathi, othisha ezikoleni. Ngokwesibonelo, yini izinhlangano kuphakama ngoba umuntu ovamile ngamazwi athi "Leyden imbiza"? Izikhungo zemali, amadivaysi ezokwelapha, futhi kungaba "olukhohlisayo 'amandla ukuze kulondolozwe nemifino? Nokho, kungokwemvelo, ngoba ngisho akuzona zonke Ukuqagela ngogesi ukuthi Leyden imbiza - uhlobo capacitors yesimanje kagesi. Nakuba umklamo ilula kakhulu, ngemcondvo, ne wokubuyekeza efanele amadivayisi enjalo kungaba ngempela ngempumelelo usebenza njengengxenye izifunda kagesi.

Njalo wesikole uyazi ukuthi uma bagcobe isibambo plastic izinwele, e wawusondela nezinyo izinto ezisemphakathini inhlansi emoyeni igebe kwenzeka. Isimiso esifanayo isetshenziswa umshini electrostatic, ngenxa obekukhona kuwo imbiza Leyden. Ngekhulu le-18-German Gericke umphakathi wokuziphilisa kwenza ukufakwa, ogxile kwaba ingilazi isitsha esikhulu nge oluvala amasondo ukukhwezwa. A elula ibhande drive wamenza spin. Ukuthinta ucezu isikhumba zingadala inhlansi kagesi kanye ezingabonakali Amasimu kagesi. Ngo yizindaba ezonini yesenzo imigqa yamandla ensimini elakhiwe futhi zanqwabelana (wafingqa) imisinga.

1745 usuku ukuthi lapho imbiza Leyden wavulwa. Zemvelo Pieter van Musschenbroek ka Leyden waqaphela uthele amanzi embizeni, wafaka emuva ucezu wire, thatha ngokucophelela umthamo ukulwa ngezandla nangezinyawo uwulethe a elektroforu egijima. Ukuthinta ingxenye projecting usosayensi wire wathola eqinile umthelela ukushaqeka. Manje kucace ukuthi isandla somuntu futhi amanzi embizeni wakhonza njengephayona lokho manje obizwa ngokuthi i capacitor amapuleti, futhi ingilazi odongeni bomkhumbi - ungqimba olubamba ukushisa. Leyden imbiza kungaba buthelela ugesi kangangokuthi kuvele kufane nokudlala wasutha ngoba ukudlula uchungechunge abantu 700. Kwakusobala ukuthi ikhono le ukutholakala nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. It is Leiden wethulwa ukukhiqizwa "capacitors", okuyinto awunika igama lokuthi idivayisi.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 kusukela kwatholakala B. Franklin ngezinhloso zokuhlola zihambisana ngaphandle udonga ikani tin ucwecwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwande umthamo. Kwakusobala ukuthi kuningi okusadingeka wathola. Empeleni, kwaba indlela "amaphutha", futhi ngesisekelo theory kakade esephetha ngesisekelo imiphumela ucwaningo. Ngemva kwalokho Franklin esikhundleni ebhange ingilazi flat ne ucwecwe ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, ukuthola ijwayelekile sonke capacitor.

Leyden imbiza ngezandla zakho zingenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Udinga plastic yasebhange tin ipuleti ngocingo ukushisa namakhaza soldered, namalahle yasebenza, eliqinile le isisefo sephepha, i metal (noma plastic nge faka conductive) ukuphela-ikhava contact namanzi usawoti. Yeka ipuleti phansi kuya isitsha plastic, ekupheleni mahhala wire ngokuthini up. Ukuvala iphepha phezulu, uthele amalahle ungqimba, uthele amanzi anosawoti bese ubeke isembozo phezu esibulalayo. It kuvela ukuthi amabhange ziphelelwe izintambo ezimbili ezimboziwe ukwahlukanisa: kusuka phansi kanye amapuleti phezulu. Manje, uma ukuletha i voltage zangaphandle, ingxenye ngeke cindezela. Ngemva kwalokho, nje ukuxhuma umthwalo uzohlala. Lapho esebenzelana 'Bank "kudingeka uqaphe.