Schleiden futhi Schwann - nabakhi lokuqala iseli ithiyori

physiologist Russian Ivan Pavlov fanele Isayensi ukuqhathanisa esakhiweni esithile, lapho ulwazi namabhlogo wokwakha ukuhlinzeka uhlelo isisekelo. Futhi imfundiso yokuziphendukela cell kanye abasunguli balo - Schleiden futhi Schwann - olwabiwa zemvelo eziningi nososayensi, futhi nabalandeli babo. Omunye Abadali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela isakhiwo solwazi eziphilayo Virchow wake wathi, 'zime emahlombe Schwann Schleiden. " Kwaba umsebenzi ahlangene ososayensi ababili kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni. Mayelana cell imfundiso yokuziphendukela Schleiden futhi Schwann.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

Ngesikhathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesithupha ummeli abasha Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) yanquma ukushintsha ukuphila kwakhe, kuka neze uyajabula umndeni. Ukulahla umthetho mkhuba, idluliselwe Faculty of University of Heidelberg. Futhi eminyakeni engu-35 waba uprofesa e-Department of Botany futhi Physiology University of Jena izitshalo. abangababi bemisebenzi yaso Schleiden kubonakala Ukwambula indlela ukuveza amaseli. Ezinkondlweni zakhe sasho ngokunembile ukuthi igunya core enqubeni zizalela, kodwa akazange abone ezifuze isakhiwo yezitshalo nezilwane amaseli.

Esihlokweni esithi "On umbuzo izitshalo" (1844) naye uveza ezivamile isakhiwo plant cells, kungakhathaliseki indawo yabo. Bukeza isihloko sakhe ubhala physiologist German Iogann Myuller, umsizi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba Theodor Schwann.

umpristi Yehlulekile

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) wafunda Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Bonn, ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi isiqondiso esiseduzane iphupho lakhe - ukuba abe umpristi. Nokho, isithakazelo emlandweni zemvelo sasinamandla kangangokuthi uTheodore University iziqu kakade Faculty of Medicine. Ukusebenza njengoba umsizi okubhekiselwe I. Müller, iminyaka emihlanu, wenza okutholakele eziningi kungaba okwanele kwabanye ososayensi. Lokhu ukuthola pepsin e juice esiswini futhi Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana yezinzwa. Nguye kwafakazela iqhaza ngqo of nembiliso enqubeni lwezithelo olubangela ukubila.

abangane

Umphakathi yesayensi oko eJalimane akuyona liphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho, umhlangano ososayensi German Schleiden futhi Schwann kokuvalelwa. Wathatha endaweni cafe kwelinye amakhefu kwasemini, e 1838. nozakwethu Ikusasa ukuxoxa umsebenzi wabo. Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann wabelane abaqaphela yokuthola we nuclei amaseli. Ukuphinda ukucwaninga Schleiden, Schwann abacwaninga amangqamuzana isilwane. Bona ukuxhumana okuningi futhi babe abangane. Kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo kukhona umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela "luhlolo ezincane yokufana e isakhiwo kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase amayunithi zokucathula isilwane nemifino imvelaphi," okuyinto benza Schleiden futhi Schwann abasunguli isifundiso iseli, isakhiwo yayo kanye nokusebenza.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela isakhiwo solwazi

I postulate main, ezembula umsebenzi Schwann futhi Schleiden, - yilokhu ukuphila kumaseli sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi lomunye German - sezifo Rudolfa Virhova - e 1858 ekugcineni ukuletha ukucaciseleka kuya amaseli izinqubo ezibalulekile. Nguye wanezela umsebenzi Schleiden futhi Schwann postulate entsha. "Njalo yeseli", - yena abuqede isizukulwane okuzenzakalelayo nezindaba zokuphila. Rudolfa Virhova abaningi babheka co-umbhali, futhi eminye imithombo zisebenzisa inkulumo ethi "cell imfundiso yokuziphendukela Schwann, Schleiden, futhi Virchow."

Imfundiso yesimanje yezinyoni

Sekudlule Omunye iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, senza wanezela ulwazi zokuhlola kanye ezincwadini izidalwa eziphilayo, kodwa isisekelo wahlala cell imfundiso yokuziphendukela Schleiden futhi Schwann, naletintfo eziyisisekelo zazo yilezi:

• Self-okuvuselela izinto, self-ukuzandisa, abese self umqondo iseli - kuyisisekelo futhi iyunithi eliyisisekelo sokuphila.
• Ukuze zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni libhekene isakhiwo zabo ezifanayo.
• Iseli iqoqo polymers okuyinto recreated kusuka izingxenye wezinto ezingaphili.
• ukwanda kwabo ufezwa sokuhlukanisa iseli umama.
• eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi kuhilela namangqamuzana akhethekile kule izicubu, nezimiso zomzimba.
• Zonke namangqamuzana akhethekile akhiwa kule kwamangqamuzana ka totipotent.

bifurcation iphuzu

Theory ososayensi German Matthias Schleiden futhi Teodora Shvanna kwakuyisikhathi senguquko ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. Wonke amagatsha e-yolwazi - Histology, Cytology, ngamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo, umumo womzimba zokugula, izitho zomzimba, oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, Embryology, imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, nabanye abaningi - Uthole yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni. Imfundiso, onikeza ukuqonda entsha ye ekuhlanganyeleni ngaphakathi eziphilayo izinhlelo, kuye kwavula khathizwe entsha ngoba abacwaningi, ngubani bese uwasebenzisa. Russian Ivan Chistyakov (1874) kanye isazi sezinto eziphilayo Polish-German E. Strasburger (1875) ukudalula mshini mitotic (asexual) cell division. Kulandele ukutholakala wama-chromosomes e-nucleus futhi yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ufuzo futhi ukushintshashintsha eziphilayo, inqubo ukufanisana futhi ukuhunyushwa DNA kanye nendzima yayo amaprotheni biosynthesis, amandla futhi umzimba plastic ku ribosomes, gametogenesis futhi ekwakhekeni zygote kulungiswa.

Zonke lezi zinto ezatholakala Izitini ekwakheni isayensi esitokisini njengoba iyunithi kwesakhiwo ngesisekelo ukuphila kule planethi ewuMhlaba. ulwazi umkhakha, saliphi sabekwa phezu okutholwe ukuhlonishwa abangane nalabo Zazinjani ososayensi German Schleiden futhi Schwann. Namuhla, ayehlome izazi zezinto eziphilayo microscopy electron akuvumelekile ku amashumi futhi kaningi namathuluzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindlela emisebeni kanye kophawu isotopic irradiation, zofuzo sekulingisa ubuchwepheshe kanye Embryology yokufakelwa, kodwa iseli namanje uhlala isakhiwo oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke zokuphila. Zonke-discovery amasha nge isimo sawo futhi ukusebenza ukuletha izwe yesayensi ophahleni isakhiwo, kodwa akekho ongabikezela ukuthi isakhiwo sayo kuzophothulwa futhi nini. Okwamanje, isakhiwo alikapheli, futhi sonke sibheke phambili izinto ezintsha.