Jet engine: operation (kafushane). Umgomo we operation kwendiza jet injini

Ngaphansi esisheshayo ukuqonda ukunyakaza komzimba ahlukaniswa ngesivinini ezithile omunye izingxenye zayo. Okubangelwa inqubo enjalo ungamandla esebenza kwayona. Ngamanye amazwi, akusiyo ngisho ahlangane nabo emizimbeni zangaphandle.

Jet ngamandla ngokwemvelo

Phakathi iholidi ehlobo eningizimu cishe yilowo nalowo phakathi kwethu, ebhukuda olwandle, wahlangana jellyfish. Kodwa ambalwa lisitshele ukuthi lezi zilwane sishukumiseleka njengoba nje injini jet. Umgomo we operation ngokwesimo kulo mshini kungabonwa yiwo wonke ezihambayo izinhlobo ezithile plankton zasolwandle kanye izibungu ojekamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle lezi ezingenamgogodla ngokuvamile ephakeme kunaleyo ihadiwe.

Ubani omunye ongalinga kubonisa indlela jet injini isimiso ukusebenza? Squid, ingwane futhi cuttlefish. Ikhona inhlangano efanayo siyamuka, nezinye ezinamagobolondo eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, cuttlefish. It ubamba amanzi e gill yabo umgodi futhi ngamandla amcibe ngokusebenzisa uphondo eliqondisa nasemuva noma emaceleni. Kulokhu, le mbaza inamandla aphindwa ukwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza endaweni efanele.

Umgomo we operation ye injini jet kungabonakala nasemkhakheni lapho salsa ezihambayo. Lesi silwane zasolwandle ithola amanzi ku umgodi ububanzi. Ngemva kwalokho, imisipha nomzimba wakhe inkontileka, ukusunduza ketshezi ngembobo sise labaqaphi elingemuva. Ukusabela we jet okuholela unikeza nesinqumela uthuthuka.

ulwandle missile

Kodwa sokuphelela enkulu endaweni navigation esisheshayo safinyelela okwamanje squid. Ngisho ukuma missile livela okufanele siwulingise ncamashi nale zezinto eziphila emanzini. Lapho ihamba ngesivinini squid ongaphakeme ngezikhathi egoba idayimane yakhe fin. Kodwa ukuze uthole nokujikijela okusheshayo anakho ukusebenzisa siqu "jet injini" zalo. Isimiso ezisebenza kuzo zonke imisipha yakhe nomzimba ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhle ukucabangela kabanzi.

Sine uhlobo isiphuku squid. Lokhu izicubu imisipha ozungezayo umzimba wakhe bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Phakathi ukunyakaza izilwane ukusivumela isiphuku yenqwaba amanzi, kakhulu elinganisa ukuyiqabula njengesenzo ukusakaza ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho ekhethekile emincane. Lezi zenzo ukuvumela hambisa squid odlulela emuva ngesivinini kuze kube amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa ngehora. Phakathi ukunyakaza izilwane ubuthe isixha yonke ihambe zaso eziyishumi enikeza umzimba umumo ovikelekile. Umlomo wombhobho linanomgudu ekhethekile. Isilwane uphendulela usebenzisa wakhe imisipha Kufinyeta. Lokhu kuvumela izilwane zasolwandle ukuze ushintsho isiqondiso. Indima amasondo ayo phakathi squid ukunyakaza play futhi ihambe. It mababuye kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla, ngibalekela phezulu noma phansi kalula ukungqubuzana izithiyo.

Kukhona uhlobo squid (stenotevtis), engabanikazi bephephandaba isihloko umshayeli best phakathi mollusk. Chaza isimiso yokusebenza injini jet - futhi uzoqonda ukuthi kungani, nokujaha inhlanzi, isilwane ngezinye izikhathi kuzuba ephuma emanzini, ukuziphindiselela ku sigxumele phezulu emikhunjini uya phesheya kolwandle. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kalmar umshayeli ngesikhathi element amanzi, eba esiphezulu torque engu ukuphendula ingalo ngaye. Lokhu kuvumela naye ukundiza phezu kwamagagasi at ibanga kwamamitha amahlanu.

Uma sicabanga injini jet, isimiso okusebenzela kuyo isilwane ingashiwo okwamanje? Lokhu, Uma unganakile, baggy ingwane. Ababhukudi akuzona okushesha njengokungena squid, kodwa uma ingozi isivinini sabo kungaba umona ngisho sprinters engcono. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezazini eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela kufuduka ingwane, bathola ukuthi ukuhambisa njengalena elinendawo isimiso jet injini.

Animal ne jet wamanzi ngamunye ukhiphe kusuka wentaba, okwenza intuthuko ku amamitha amabili noma ngisho ezimbili nesigamu. Kulokhu, elintantayo ingwane eyinqaba - nasemuva.

Ezinye izibonelo Propulsion Jet

Ingabe rocket ayo futhi izitshalo emhlabeni. Umgomo we injini jet kungabonakala nasemkhakheni lapho ngisho ngesikhathi touch ukukhanya kakhulu "elimnyama ikhukhamba" high speed bounces off ohlangeni, ngesikhathi esifanayo yokwala ketshezi okunamathelayo imbewu. Ngakho ngokwayo izithelo izimpukane phezu amabanga amade uma liya (kufika ku-12 m) kolunye uhlangothi.

Umgomo we operation ye injini jet kungabuye ayezibonile ngenkathi esikebheni. Uma amanzi ngakho indlela ethile ukuphonsa amatshe asindayo, ke kuyoshukumisela kolunye uhlangothi. Kungokufanayo has missile jet isimiso. Kuphela khona amatshe usebenzise igesi. Zakha amandla ukuphendula ukuhlinzeka ukunyakaza emoyeni futhi isikhala esibhedlela.

kumnandi uhambo

Mayelana indiza emkhathini isintu besilokhu sinephupho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kufakazelwa imisebenzi yesayensi abalobi eqanjiwe, ubani le njongo inikeza ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, hero of the indaba yomlobi French Hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac ifinyelele inyanga phezu kwekalishi ujantshi, lapho njalo uphosa uzibuthe onamandla. Ngaphambi le planethi efanayo futhi ithole Munchausen abadumile. Yenza uhambo lo mzalwane wasiza le giant emabhontjisi Isiqu.

Jet ngamandla isetshenzisiwe eChina ngo yokuqala yeminyaka BC. ezicitshwayo Peculiar for fun ngaleyo ndlela bakhonza ngoqalo, ezazigcwele powder. Phela, umtlamo imoto yokuqala emhlabeni, eyasungulwa Newton, naso sasinaye injini jet.

History of the RD

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19. iphupho lwesintu yendawo ezungezile waqala ukuthola izici ezithile. Kuyinto kuleli khulu leminyaka Russian N. wamavukelambuso I. Kibalchichem yephrojekthi emhlabeni sidalwe endizeni injini jet. Zonke iphepha Narodnaya Volya awabhalwanga ejele, lapho eseneminyaka ngemva kokubulawa Alexander. Kodwa, ngeshwa, 04/03/1881 Kibalchich wabulawa, futhi umqondo wakhe wayengenandaba nawo samuntu esisebenzayo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. umbono kokusebenzisa rocket lesikhala ohambweni ezihlongozwayo usosayensi Russian K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Okokuqala incazelo yakhe umsebenzi ehlanganisa umzimba ezinyakazayo mass okuguquguqukayo ngesimo zezibalo, yanyatheliswa ngo-1903 Esikhathini okwengeziwe uhlelo athuthukile ngokwayo usosayensi jet injini for ngamandla ngophethiloli ketshezi.

Tsiolkovsky lase futhi yasungulwa rocket multistage esihlongozwayo umbono yokudala ongaphakeme-Earth orbit isikhala kwalo muzi. Tsiolkovsky wazibonakalisa lotawulungisa ukuthi indlela kuphela isikhala ohambweni kuyinto rocket. Okungukuthi iyunithi ifakwe jet, nophethiloli refillable futhi oxidizer. Kuphela nangomcibisholo ezifana uyakwazi ukunqoba amandla adonsela phansi futhi ukundiza ngaphezu emkhathini woMhlaba.

isikhala Exploration

Article Tsiolkovsky eyanyatheliswa kuyi amaphephabhuku "Scientific Buyekeza", egunyazelwe ukwenza idumela usosayensi sika mphuphi. Amazwi akhe asekelwe akekho basithatha ngokungathí sina.

umqondo Tsiolkovsky olwaqala ososayensi Soviet. Njengoba siholwa Sergeem Pavlovichem Korolevym, umkhankaso wokuqala yokufakelwa Earth satellite. Okthoba 4, 1957, lolu phiko zilethwe ku-orbit rocket ne injini jet. Umsebenzi RD yayisekelwe ukuguquka amandla zamakhemikhali, sidlulile umfudlana fuel igesi, kuphenduke energy kinetic. Kulokhu missile siyahamba ohlangothini reverse.

Jet engine, isimiso eye yasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi, uthola isicelo zayo kuphela isikhala kodwa futhi zezindiza. Kodwa ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwethula rocket. Ukuze RD kuphela uyakwazi ukuhambisa idivayisi emkhathini, lapho sintula yimuphi medium.

Liquid jet injini

Noma ubani bacibishela khona isibhamu noma umane wabukela inqubo kusukela ngaphandle, bazi ukuthi kukhona amandla ngokuqinisekile bangathandi isiqu emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ngaphezulu ngokuqinisekile ayobuyela ukwanda kwemali. Vele ukusebenza futhi jet injini. isimiso sayo ukusebenza kufana kanjani isiqu emuva umuzwa wokwenyanya kwenzeka ngaphansi isenzo jet amagesi esishisayo.

Mayelana nangomcibisholo, khona-ke ukucubungula, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukuthungela ingxube kwenzeka, kwenzeka kancane kancane futhi okuqhubekayo. Lona iningi elula, okuqinile-Propellant motor. Kuyaziwa ukuba zonke imodeli rocket.

Esikhathini ketshezi jet injini (LRE) ukuze kugqugquzelwe indlela naphakathi ukusebenza noma wagxila jet, ingxube ehlanganisa amafutha kanye oxidant. Lesi sakamuva, ngokuvamile nitric acid noma umoya-mpilo ketshezi. I ukukhwezelwa injini rocket kuyinto kaphalafini.

Isimiso ezisebenza enenjini jet ukuthi ubelokhu amasampula abekelwe kulesi sikhathi samanje. Kuphela manje, i-hydrogen ketshezi isetshenziswa kuwo. Esikhathini namachibi efana ethize ngiyibona is kukhuphuke eqhathaniswa olwandisa kuqala ngokushesha ngo-30%. Kuwufanele ethi umbono ukusetshenziswa hydrogen siphakamisiwe ngu Tsiolkovsky. Nokho, ekhona ngaleso sikhathi, kwezinselele zokusebenza nale izidakamizwa alufakwa kakhulu zazimane esingenakuphikiswa.

Siyini leso simiso zokusebenza injini jet? I amafutha kanye oxidant ufake ekamelweni ukusebenza aphuma emathangini asendaweni ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukuguqulwa izingxenye ingxube. Ushisa, kuyilapho egcizelela owawudinga ukushisa ucindezelwa amashumi eziphindwe.

Izingxenye ekamelweni zokusebenza injini jet ukuza ngezindlela ezahlukene. I oxidant sivela lapha ngqo. Kodwa fuel sihamba indlela eside phakathi kwegumbi nezindonga umlomo wombhobho. Kukhona-ke heats futhi, kakade kokuba lokushisa eliphezulu, ke ziphonswe zone omlilo ngokusebenzisa Imibhobho esemzimbeni eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza ezakhiwe umlomo wombhobho nibonakala futhi ubona izindiza ediliva push iphuzu. Yileyo indlela ungakwazi ukutshela okuyinto isimiso Usebenza jet injini (kafushane). Kulesi incazelo awukhulumi eziningi yezingxenye, ngaphandle okuyinto LRE umsebenzi ngeke kwenzeke. Phakathi kwalezi compressors kudingeka ukudala ukucindezela wazifunela valve umjovo, ukunikezelwa samanzi futhi t. D.

ukusetshenziswa yesimanje

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi injini jet idinga nophethiloli rocket injini eliqhubekayo likhonza abantu namuhla. Zisetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko ngamandla rocket izinjini, kanye shunting mkhathi futhi isikhala iziteshi ezahlukene. Indiza futhi wasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo taxiways, okuyizinto ukusebenza kuyiwa kanye nomklamo.

Ukuthuthukiswa zezindiza

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inkathi lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II, abantu sasihamba ngendiza kuphela bendiza izindiza. Lezi amadivayisi afakelwe yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Nokho, intuthuko akuyona emi namanje. Nge ukuthuthukiswa yayo kwakunesidingo ukudala ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi izindiza esheshayo. Nokho, abaklami bezindiza ibhekene nenkinga ezibonakala unsolvable. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho ukwanda kancane amandla injini is kakhulu anda izindiza isisindo. Nokho, indlela yokuphuma Satholwa eyiNgisi Frank Will. Wayephethe injini entsha, ngokuthi esisheshayo. Lokhu okusungulile wanikeza umfutho onamandla ekuthuthukiseni zezindiza.

Umgomo we operation kwendiza jet injini iyafana izenzo hose umlilo. hose wakhe has a ekupheleni iyincane. Ogelezayo ngembobo ewumngcingo, amanzi kakhulu kwandisa Isivinini yayo. Wadala ngamandla ingcindezi emuva yakhe sinamandla kakhulu kangangokuba umlilo ayengayisebenzisa ubambe ezandleni hose. Ngakho ukuziphatha amanzi zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi, yini isimiso injini jet.

ramjet RD

Lolu hlobo lwe-jet injini iyona elula. Yibeke kungaba ngesimo igemfe semikhawulweni ezivulekileyo ezingenaso ogibele indiza ihamba. Esikhathini phambi ingxenye cross-section yayo yandisa. Ngalesi isakhiwo, emoyeni engenayo kunciphisa ijubane layo uma igijima, futhi umfutho iyakhula. Ingxenye okubanzi ipayipi esinjalo egumbini amandla omlilo. Kube kwenzeka umjovo amafutha kanye amandla omlilo kwalo okwalandela. Ukushisa okunjalo inqubo lisiza amagesi kwakhiwa kanti ukwanda oluqinile. Ngakho kukhona iphuzu jet injini. Isithelo sawo wonke amagesi efanayo, lapho ngadonsa ngebutho phandle kusukela ingxenye encane esekugcineni tube. Kuyinto lokhu ukunxanela futhi kwenza impukane indiza.

zisebenzisa izinkinga

Ramjet izinjini inezici ezithile ezingathandeki. Bayakwazi ukuthi isebenze kuphela kuleyo ndiza, okuyinto kunyakaza. Indiza, okuyinto esimweni ukuphumula, Ngo-Line RD actuate bengayi. Ukuze phakamisa emoyeni indiza kudingeka yimuphi omunye ukuziqalela motor.

Ekhuluma

Umgomo we operation ye jet injini turbojet izindiza uhlobo, okuyinto elingenalo bokwenza ram RD, ukuvumela abaklami bezindiza ukudala izindiza eziphambili kakhulu. Kanjani lokhu okusungulile?

Isici esiyinhloko elise injini turbojet, - a ophephela igesi. Ngosizo eliqhutshwa umoya compressor, edabula okuyinto onomfutho emoyeni iqondiswa e indawana ekhethekile. I amandla omlilo okuholela kukaphethiloli (ngokuvamile kaphalafini) imikhiqizo siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi ophephela izindwani kuka ngiwuphatha ukuba lithathe isinyathelo. Ngokulandelayo, ukugeleza komoya-gas ludlulele umlomo wombhobho, okuyinto ngesivinini ukuze velocities okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi sidala i force ezinkulukazi esisheshayo ka wagxila.

amandla ukwanda

traction esisheshayo bakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu esikhathini esifushane. Ngenxa yale njongo, lo afterburning. Kuyinto ujova fuel ezengeziwe lwalo emfudlaneni igesi nabaphunyukayo ophephela. I-oksijini ubuningi kule ophephela kunomthelela omlilo uphalafini, okwandisa wagxila injini. Ngesivinini ephakeme ke kwandisa inani layo ifinyelela 70%, kanti encane - 25-30%.