Koh UZweli: A Biography. Genrih German uRobert Koch wakwazi - kaNobel e Physiology noma Medicine

Genrih German uRobert Koch wakwazi - udokotela German abadumile samagciwane, owathola uMklomelo KaNobel futhi umsunguli we bacteriology yesimanje kanye Epidemiology. Wayengomunye ososayensi ovelele kakhulu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili hhayi kuphela e-Germany kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Baningi izimpumelelo empini yokulwa nezifo Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows ukuthi kuze izifundo lakhe ibingamashumi ezingelapheki, baba push elibukhali imithi. Yena akugcini ekutadisheni endaweni eyodwa ubuchwepheshe, akazange ayeke ngesikhathi sekhefu ukuze esifweni esisodwa kuphela. Impilo yakhe yonke yembula izimfihlo izifo eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa impumelelo yakhe nisindisiwe isamba Amazing izimpilo zabantu, futhi lena ukuqashelwa bangempela kakhulu usosayensi.

impumelelo enkulu

Herman Koch kwaba umlobeli othile zakwamanye amazwe Petersburg Academy of Sciences nezinye izinhlangano eziningi. Esikhathini esikoqokoqweni kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe kukhona izincwadi eziningi ku zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi nawo. Walandela futhi bacubungula nokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi isifo nezinto ezincane eziphilayo. Omunye ezitholwe zakhe eziyinhloko - ithola agent causative isifo sofuba. WayeyiZwi Usosayensi wokuqala owakwazi ukufakazela ikhono ukwakha ezinhlamvu yalesisifo. Isifundo yezifo eziningana alethwe usosayensi vsmirnuyu enkazimulweni. Ngo-1905, isiJalimane Koh bathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa impumelelo yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye wabantu bokuqala kuleli ukunakekelwa kwezempilo German.

ebuntwaneni

Ikusasa emhlabeni usosayensi odumile wazalwa ngo Clausthal-Zellerfeld ngo-1843. Ebuntwaneni umfana - semvelo abasha - lidlule lula futhi awanaki. Abazali bakhe zazingenzelwanga nesayensi, uyise wasebenza kakhulu ezimayini, nonina wabukela izingane, ngubani babe yishumi nantathu, Koh uRobert lwesithathu. Waqala ekuqaleni kakhulu ukuba nesithakazelo emhlabeni ngaphandle, umkhulu wakhe kakade isithakazelo esikhulu uye buoyed nomalume, futhi nge isithakazelo nemvelo. Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane, wabeka ndawonye iqoqo izinambuzane, wona kanye ulele. Ngo-1848 wabhalisa esikoleni. Ngokungafani nabantu abaningi izingane kakade wayekwazi ukufunda nokubhala, yayikwazi kakhulu. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngisho ephethwe ukuya esikoleni, lapho ekugcineni waba umfundi engcono.

inyuvesi

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole esiphakeme, usosayensi esizayo langena University eziphambili Gottingen, lapho eqala ukutadisha natural sciences, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuze ngifundele ubudokotela. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amayunivesithi German, okuyinto kwaba impumelelo abadumile yesayensi abafundi. Ngo-1866, Koh Robert wathola ngezinga wezokwelapha. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isithakazelo othisha imithi futhi iriseshi yaseyunivesithi kudlalwa Koch, kusukela ekuqaleni wazama ukuyifundisa ikhono ukuqeqeshwa abafundi 'bathande hhayi kuphela imithi, kodwa futhi isayensi.

umsebenzi Early

Ngemva konyaka iziqu, Koch kokushada, kwakudingeka ukuba indodakazi kusukela lo mshado. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe, Koch wayefuna ukuba impi noma udokotela womkhumbi, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka awuzange ethulwa kuye. Koch nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela e Rackwitz, lapho aqala ukusebenza esibhedlela ngenxa uhlanya. ekuqaleni Bengathokozile career, kodwa kwaba kuphela yekucala, eqinisweni ukuzalwa usosayensi omkhulu. Abasebenzi bayiziphukuphuku futhi bhá bathandile odokotela bendawo. ngokushesha okukhulu, njengokungathi elula njengoba umsizi, uye wamethemba futhi waba udokotela. Ngakho waqala umsebenzi wakhe, uRobert Koch wakwazi. Biography ebonisa ukuthi uye wasebenza ngakho eminyakeni emithathu kuphela kusukela Ukubheduka kweMpi Franco-Prussian, futhi kwadingeka ukuya phambi njengoba udokotela ngendawo.

impi

Koh Robert phambili saya ngokuzithandela, naphezu kwamehlo akhe ngokushesha buthaka. Phakathi nempi wayeyisosha wakwazi ukuthola isipiliyoni sína ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo. Welapha abantu abaningi ikholera typhoid, ezazivamile kakhulu phakathi nempi. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona ngaphambili Koch naye wafundelwa amagciwane ezinkulu kanye ulwelwe ngesibonakhulu, okwakuwuphawu ukukhuthazwa owawubalulekile kuye ku micrographs futhi kwenqubekela-phambili kwezesayensi.

-anthrax

Ngemva demobilization, Koch kanye nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela Wohlstein (okwamanje Wolsztyn, ePoland), lapho ayesebenza njengendlela ukuthuthwa kwendle elula. Ngemva umkakhe wamnika isibonakhulu ngoba usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, wawushiya abazimele futhi switched lokucwaninga. Zonke isikhathi wachitha microscope, amahora amaningi imini nobusuku.

Ngokushesha waphawula ukuthi eziningi izilwane endaweni ugula i-anthrax. Lesi sifo ikakhulu kuthinta izinkomo. abantu Sick unenkinga wamaphaphu, izindlala zamanzi, futhi carbuncles. Ukuze ucwaningo lwakhe, Koch waphonsa lenqwaba amagundane ukuthi i-anthrax kwembulwa kuye izimfihlo zabo. Lapho isipho lomkakhe ukusiza wakwazi ukwaba Wand ahlukene ukuthi liphenduka izigidi zazo siqu.

Ukutadisha izinti

Kwaphela isikhathi eside nososayensi akazange ayeke ukuzama, wabonisa ukuthi imbewu eletha kuyimbangela yedwa yalesisifo. futhi ehlulekile ukufakazela ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo sifo kuhlobene nezinga ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-bacterium kakhulu. Kuyinto umsebenzi Koch wafakazela ukuthi undicosho esibangelwa igciwane, ngaphambi umsuka isifo wayaziwa ezimbalwa kakhulu. Eminyakeni 1877-1878 lososayensi German - Robert Koch, ngosizo ozakwabo - banyathelisa izihloko eziningana enikelwe le nkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala i-athikili mayelana izindlela uNkulunkulu azisebenzisa ezifundweni yakhe yokucwaninga.

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokushicilelwa yemisebenzi yakhe Koch baba isazi esivelele emkhathizwe kwakukhona Prize kaNobel kwezokwelapha. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wanyathelisa enye incwadi ku ukutshalwa namagciwane abezindaba okuqinile, sekuwumkhuba indlela ngokuyinhloko entsha ne-ukufohla ezibalulekile ekutadisheni izwe lama-bacterium awusizo.

Koch futhi Pasteur

ososayensi German ngokuvamile ncintisana, kodwa e-Germany, Koch akalingani, Pasteur kwaba brilliant French usosayensi eziphilayo, futhi Koch ukubeka umsebenzi kwakhe kungabazeke. Koch ngisho kudedelwa Izibuyekezo yayo, i-umhlaziyi nekhono lokukhuluma izifundo Pasteur yalesisifo. Eminyakeni ethile ilandelana, ososayensi ayikwazanga kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni, bamelana kokubili mathupha futhi umsebenzi wabo.

sofuba

Ngemva izifundo ngempumelelo isilonda laseSiberia Koch wanquma ukutadisha sofuba. Kwaba udaba embi kakhulu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi wonke isakhamuzi lwesikhombisa Germany ngife ngenxa yalesi sifo. Ososayensi, abazuza izindondo zikaNobel, odokotela nje uyaziqhelelanisa nezinsolo ezimthintayo, ecabanga ukuthi isifo sofuba zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye akunakwenzeka ukubhekana naso. Ukwelashwa ngaleso sikhathi lalinabashumayeli umsebenzi ongaphandle kanye nokudla ngendlela efanele.

Lolu cwaningo isifo sofuba

ngokushesha kakhulu Koch baphumelele Amazing ekuhloleni sofuba. Wathatha kusukela izicubu efile ucwaningo, okuyinto enhle futhi eside kuhlolwa ngesibonakhulu ukunquma iyini ngempela imbangela yalesi sifo. Ngokushesha waphawula izinduku eyenzeka ngo medium isiko futhi Guinea izingulube. Amagciwane ande ngokushesha abulale yenethiwekhi. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa ukufohla Amazing-microbiology. Ngo 1882 Koch enyathelisa incwadi yakhe ngale ndaba. UMklomelo KaNobel is ziyasondela.

Lolu cwaningo ikholera

Koch akuqedanga izifundo zabo kuze kube sekupheleni, ticondziso uhulumeni, waya eGibithe futhi India ukulwa nesifo sohudo. Ngemva kwenye inkathi ucwaningo eside nososayensi akwazi ukunquma bacterium elibangela isifo. ezitholakele eziphawuleka esakuthwala Koh Robert, babé intuthuko yangempela imithi. Wamiswa njengoba lo muntu ophethe, ekutholeni izindlela zokubhekana nezinye izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo.

UProfesa nocwaningo entsha ku sofuba

Ngo-1885 Koch waqokwa uprofesa wase-University of Berlin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wamiswa Umqondisi we-Institute of Infectious Diseases. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ekhaya evela eNdiya, waphinde wasiphakamisa ukutadisha sofuba uye baphumelele eside. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngo-1890, Koch yamemezela ukuthi wayethole ngendlela kanjani lesi sifo. Wakwazi ukuthola into okuthiwa tuberculin (TB imbewu eletha ukhiqiza kanjalo), kodwa impumelelo enkulu zomuthi akazange alethwe. Wenza ukusabela iguliswa futhi ibe yingozi ezigulini. Nakuba ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa tuberculin ungakwazi ukuxilonga sofuba, kwaba ukutholakala ezibalulekile, okuyinto behlolisise izitho zomzimba kanye imithi. UMklomelo KaNobel, waklonyeliswa Koch ngo-1905. Enkulumweni yakhe, usosayensi wathi lena kwakungeyona nje izinyathelo kuqala, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nesifo sofuba.

udumisa

UMklomelo KaNobel wayengeyena impumelelo kuphela usosayensi. Yena yanikezelwa Order of Merit, okuyinto ikhiphe uhulumeni German. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengabanye abazuza izindondo zikaNobel eziningi, Koch wathola i zobudokotela zokuhlonipha, wayeyilungu emiphakathini eminingi yesayensi. Ngonyaka owandulela kokuthola uMklomelo KaNobel Koch kwesokunxele isikhundla sakhe e-Institute of Infectious Diseases.

Ngo 1893, Koch waphula nomkakhe, bese washada nowesifazane ongumdlali wamabhayisikobho abasha.

Ngo-1906 yena wahola uhambo oluya e-Afrika, okuhloswe ngazo ekulweni ingalali ukugula.

Washona a usosayensi odumile u-ku Baden-Baden ngo-1910 ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Omunye asemigodini iye ogama lakhe behlonipha wakhe ngo-1970.

Imiphumela

Koch kwaba usosayensi kweqiniso, wayemthanda umsebenzi wakhe futhi nikwenza Naphezu kwazo zonke nezingozi. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngo imithi, wathuthela ku dlela ucwaningo ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi usefuna ukuthethelelwa impumelelo yayo enkulu, wakwenza ngesizathu esithile. Uma umshado kuphela abazimele, wayezobe ungalokothi wakwazi ukwenza okutholakele eziningi kangaka kanye nokusindisa izimpilo eziningi. Lokhu kufakazelwa umlando omkhulu we indoda enkulu ababeka ukuphila kwakhe phezu kwelathi isayensi. Wakwazi ukwenza lokho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bangatsheli muntu ngalokhu, futhi umsebenzi kuphela kanzima nokukholelwa lwazi lwamsiza ukuba kule endleleni enzima, indlela ulwazi izimfihlo umzimba womuntu.