Lwemali ubhasikidi alula - kuyinto ... Inkambo kubhasikidi lwemali

Abantu ababeka zikude emnothweni, ubudlelwane zezimali kanye kwamabhange, ngisho nokuwabona iqiniso lokuthi kusuka 1 February 2005, i-Central Bank of Russia ukulawula ukusetshenziswa ukubaluleka ruble kubhasikidi lwemali. Kungani asebenzisa le ndlela ukwedlula bona kuhle kangangani begodu bobani izici zayo ezingezinhle, siyowuqonda kulesi sihloko.

ukubala ifomula

Lwemali ubhasikidi alula - iyona ruble ngokumelene US dollar kanye euro. I dollar kunikezwa ntandokazi mkhulu, futhi bayabe BC sika-55%, kanye euro, ngokulandelana, 45%. Okungukuthi, ukuze ukubala inani kubhasikidi lwemali, kufanele usebenzise le ndlela elandelayo:

0.55 * zamanje ze-US dollar ngokuvumelana Central Bank + 0.45 * wamanje euro exchange rate ngokuvumelana Central Bank.

Ngokusho lokhu ifomula ibalwa isilinganiso kusukela ngo-2007.

Okungukuthi, abangabantwana kubhasikidi lwemali ngamagama alula - kuyindlela ukuthola Lango-ruble Russian maqondana Ingxenye ezithile dollar kanye euro.

Umgudu omkhulu umsebenzi wawo kubhasikidi lwemali

Kukhona into okuthiwa elintantayo ezimbili lwemali ephasishi. Ibhange emaphakathi ubeka eyamukelekayo umkhawulo amagugu yonyaka, lapho kungaba oscillate bebheke ngincipha noma ziyanda. Lapho ukubaluleka okukhipha kubhasikidi lwemali Central Bank kukhawulela imingcele izinyathelo zokulawula ekulinganiseni izinga lokushintshisana. Lo mkhuba isiza ukugcina izindleko ruble Russian ezingeni elifanele ukuba silondoloze abakhiqizi timbiwa emazweni angaphandle.

Singasho ukuthi kubhasikidi lwemali ngamagama alula - indlela ekulinganiseni ruble Russian, okuyinto esetshenziswa Central Bank. Le ndlela kunqunywa ruble real exchange rate ngokumelene zezimali ezimbili ezivamile, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuqonda ukubaluleka lwemali basekhaya ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele.

Indaba

Umqondo ukwethula exchange rate ngempumelelo of the ruble Russian uvele kudala njengoba 2003. I okuzisholo exchange rate kwadingeka ivunyelaniswe ukwehla kwamandla emali indices, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye eqhathaniswa ukwabelana ezihlukene zemali angaphandle, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga okuyinto kwezohwebo nokusebenza WaseRussia.

Ekuqaleni, Central Bank igxile kuphela aseMelika phakathi nezinqubomgomo zayo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi asebenzisa le ndlela ilahlekelwe ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo futhi kwakungekho isidingo ukuqhathanisa nezinye ruble lwemali esitebeleni - euro. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda dollar kuyadamba kanye nokuqinisa isikhundla lwemali ezivamile European lapho wenza izinkokhelo zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi iningi ukuhweba esetshenziswa aseMelika kanye euro, ukubala kwalesi sibalo lancipha ruble kuqhathaniswa ke nalezi zezimali ezimbili.

Sukani ukuncika dollar

Central Bank wafuna banciphise umthelela we-US dollar exchange rate, ukuze lencike kancane iyehla iyenyuka we izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yale njongo, futhi sidalwe kubhasikidi bi lwemali, egcwele yenqubomgomo lokuma malini Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Lapho kubhasikidi bi lwemali ubonakele nje, sanikwa ku-90% ama-dollar angu-10% - euro. Futhi kancane kancane inani kwethonya inkambo dollar elinciphile, kuyilapho i-euro, anda ukuze 8 Februwari 2007 zimi ngesilinganiso osebenza namuhla.

Besifuna ukwandisa simo esishubile

Ukwanda isabelo euro kulesi sibalo kubhasikidi lwemali kwenziwe ukuze kuncishiswe Ngaphandle kwalesi simo esishubile of the ruble, okungukuthi ukwenza lwemali Russian kalula Convertible. Lwemali ubhasikidi amazwi alula - lokuma okuthiwa lapho ibhange elikhulu nohlobo yakha inqubomgomo exchange angaphandle.

Eqinisweni, laba ababili kubalwa bi lwemali kubhasikidi. Eyokuqala - umuntu okukhulunywa ngaso lapha ngenhla, ukubala okuyinto zifunde ukubaluleka of the ruble maqondana US dollar kanye euro. Eyesibili Russian lwemali kubhasikidi esetshenziswa ukubala real exchange rate esekelwe izinga lokushintshisana zezimali lalawo mazwe ngawo IRussia ibuphi ubuhlobo kwezohwebo.

Ukwanda euro awanasabelo kwehle simo esishubile

Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukwehla isabelo dollar esivuna lwemali European iye yasiza ekunciphiseni simo esishubile esikhathini esifushane. Against isizinda yokuthi Central Bank uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga ukugcwalisa zigcine, ngo-June 2015 we-ruble Russian ubelokhu eqashelwa njengoba lwemali oluyingozi kakhulu.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi emikhulu ibhange central othenga izimali zakwamanye amazwe, kulapho-ke ukhiqiza phezu ruble emakethe, okuyinto enomthelela ukwanda ukunikezela funa ngenkathi sigcina ezingeni elifanayo. Kuthiwa Central Bank kubuketa inqubomgomo kungadala iconsi ecijile ruble, ukuthi kuyinto ngokweqile abalulekile mkhawulo we ephasishi kubhasikidi lwemali.

Ibhange emaphakathi kufanele ugcine ithrekhi izinguquko ukubaluleka US lwemali kanye zone euro. Ochwepheshe bathi inani umthelela izimali zakwamanye amazwe kumele kube ashukumisayo futhi okubeka ukushintsha kuye ngokuthi izinguquko ukuhweba amavolumu eqhutshwa namanye amazwe.

Intengo kawoyela washaya ruble

Ukuncipha abukhali kwamanani kawoyela asebenzelana yigalelo elinzima lelo Ruble exchange rate ngokumelene ezinye izinhlobo zemali. Kodwa ukuxazulula lesi simo ngaphandle lapho ulahlekelwe okuthile okuyigugu inqubomgomo Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ivumela ezimbili lwemali ephasishi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kudingekile, Central Bank of the Russian Federation nje kunciphisa embundwini aphansi noma ukhushulelwa engenhla. Ngokuphepha ukuqhuba le misebenzi ivumela inothile igolide, okuyinto esetshenziswa izikhathi ezibucayi kakhulu.

Izindleko kubhasikidi lwemali akuyona into okungaphezu nje elilwela. Real exchange rate zinqunywa ngidayisa phezu eMoscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Inkambo namuhla kunqunywa imiphumela ukuhweba izolo. Uma uqhathaniswa nezinye Umhlangano Central Bank ungumholi ecacile, futhi kuvela izenzo zakhe kuncike lwemali iyehla iyenyuka.

Mercantile Exchange usetha zokungcebeleka

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-course is elibekwe esekelwe imiphumela, okungukuthi, izindlela emakethe, kodwa ngenxa isibalo imithombo emikhulu umuntu ezifana Central Bank, kuyoba usethe Yiqiniso uyamukeleka kuye. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Russian Federation lesithathu ngobukhulu exchange angaphandle izinqolobane emhlabeni, ibhange central uyakwazi ukuvikela ruble kusukela cishe noma yikuphi ukufunisela.

Akukhona isici ngokuphelele negative kulesi simo, lapho izinga kubhasikidi lwemali incipha. Noma yimuphi Economist uyazi ukuthi ezibizayo kuba ruble, le ezibizayo kuzoba izimpahla Russian phesheya, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abathengisi uzobe ebhekene mncintiswano ezingasho. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kancane kuyazuzisa buthaka lwemali ukuze ngaphezulu ngempumelelo ukuthengisa izimpahla phesheya.

Futhi, ngokusobala, ngoba bakhona okuphambene: oholela kangcono lapho ruble sinamandla, okungukuthi, okwandisa nakwentiwa, kodwa noma kunjalo, uma umkhakha uzolahlekelwa izimakethe zalo phesheya, lokho kuyoholela nokuncipha ukukhiqizwa, imisebenzi, kukhuphuke abangasebenzi nezinye izinkathazo imiphumela. Lena yi ngeshwa kwenqubomgomo Central Bank, ukuze imithelela uhulumeni onjalo njalo kugwenywe.

Isimo uyohlale zama ukuthola ukusilela phakathi abathuthi nabantu abavamile abafuna ukuthenga okuthile phesheya. Futhi Central Bank njalo ukusiza ngokumelene kubhasikidi lwemali, ngawo ungakwazi ukuthi njalo ubone inzuzo yangempela lwemali kazwelonke.