Ukuxolisa ukuvikela okuthile

EsiGrekini sasendulo, igama elithi "ukuxolisa" yisizathu futhi akukho lutho. Lapho leli qembu liqala ukusebenza emthethweni wesiGreki, laqala ukusho inkulumo evikelayo enikwe enkantolo. Kamuva, noma yikuphi okungavikela ngokumelene nokumangalelwa nokuhlaselwa, incwadi noma umbhalo othile, kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuxolisa.

I-Metamorphoses yeli gama

Ngokusobala, abameli bayashiseka, bedumisa isithunzi senkampani yakhe, futhi esikhathini sethu leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukukhomba ukuvikeleka okubandlululwa noma ukudumisa ngokweqile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elithi "ukuxolisa" ngokuvamile lalahlekelwa incazelo yalo yangempela futhi lazuza izilinganiso ezifana nokuphakanyiswa, ukudumisa ngisho ne-halleluya, kodwa ukuphikisana okunamandla. Ngeshwa, kufanele sitshele ukuthi ukuvikela okunjalo okubandlulula kuye kwaba njalo: kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuya ezinsukwini zethu.

Socrates ukuzivikela

Umlando uyazi ukusebenzisa leli gama ngomqondo oyinhloko - njengesizathu. Kulesi simo, ukuxolisa yizinkulumo ezintathu ezidumile zikaSocrates owakhuluma ngo-399 BC ngesikhathi esolwa ngalo zonke izono ezifa, okwaholela ekubeni kubekwe isigwebo sokufa. USocrates, obhekwa njengesifilosofi sokuqala, wayengumuntu ongakabi yisikhathi. Iningi lalabo okuthiwa ososayensi baseGrisi lasendulo abazange baliqonde futhi, ngokuqaphela ukuthi liphakeme, bayelizonda. Indlela enokuthula engaqondakali yokuxhumana yabacasula. Ubekwa icala lokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nokungcola kobusha bakhe. Futhi futhi ngokuziqhenya okukhulu nokuziqhenya kwe-erudition. Nakuba kungokwaSocrates inkulumo edumile ukuthi uyazi kuphela ukuthi akakwazi lutho. Futhi le nkulumo ayilona iqiniso ngokuphambene. Kuyisitatimende sokuthi umhlaba wolwazi awunamkhawulo futhi ukuwamukela kumuntu, ngisho nomuntu ohlakaniphile, ungaphezu kwamandla akhe.

Isihlonipho Esicasulayo

Ekulingweni, isazi sefilosofi esikhulu asizange sicele ukuxolelwa, siziphathe ngokuziqhenya, sizolile futhi siphika zonke izinsolo ezazingabalulekile, ezingenangqondo nezingenangqondo. Njengoba engenawo amandla okwethula ngokwanele noSocrates, wanquma ukubhubhisa ngokomzimba. Ushone etilongweni ngenxa yobuthi. Kukhona inamba ehlakaniphile yabalandeli nabalandeli, phakathi kwabo uPlato odumile. "I-Apology" - enye yemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, futhi ayibhaliwe ngendlela yokuxoxisana. Wayeneminyaka engama-30 encane kunomfundisi futhi wakhothama phambi kwakhe. Umsebenzi okhanyelayo, lapho uPlato abiza khona ngamagama abo, ubonisa ukungabi nakakhulu, ukungakwazi nokuhluleka kwabaphikisi - iMiletus, Anita, Likon.

Ukusola okufanelekayo komfundi

Igama elibhaliwe lombhalo obhalwe yiPlato masinyane emva kwecala (396 BC) libizwa ngokuthi "The Apology of Socrates". Ngamafuphi kungachazwa njengesifiso sokumangalela abangenacala futhi ukuvikela uthisha omkhulu ekumangalelwa kwamanga. Ukhulula amaphuzu akhulunywa nguSocrates kumaphuzu, ahlele lokho umfilosofi omkhulu akushilo. Lena yimibuzo yokuqala yePlato. Kuyakwazi ukuphawula ukuthi akukho nkulumo ephikisayo eyasinda, kodwa kusukela kumadokhumenti ofakazi bale nqubo kucacile ukuthi akukona iqiniso elilodwa eliphawulekayo elilethwe, futhi konke ukuhlaselwa kwakungenasisekelo noma kungamanga.

Yonke isayensi

Kodwa kunezinye izincazelo zegama. Liyasetshenziswa kakhulu enkolweni, ikakhulukazi ekuvikeleni ubuKristu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi le nkolelo yaqiniswa kakhulu futhi ukujoyina kwayo kudinga imihlatshelo eminingi kanye nabavikeli abaningi kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwezitha. Kulokhu, ukuxolisa ukuvikela ukholo lobuKristu. Ngakho-ke kungabizwa ngokuthi yiyiphi imisebenzi eqondisa ukholo kuKristu. Kodwa ngomqondo omncane, ukuxolisa kubhekisela emibhalweni yobuKristu bokuqala (i-II-III leminyaka). Ngenxa yomzabalazo, kwavela isayensi yonke, ehlobene nokuzivikela kwalolu kholo, futhi kuthiwa yi-apologetics. Ngokwemvelo, abaphikisi abanamandla babizwa ngokuthi ama-apologists. Kamuva le nkulumo yaqala ukusebenza kubantu, ngokwezinga elingaphezu kwesilinganiso esishisekayo sokuvikela okuthile. Izitha zobuKristu ngenkathi zakhiwa zazigcwele - iziphathimandla zaseRoma, amaJuda, abavikeli benkolo yasendulo kanye nefilosofi, nokuvikelwa kokholo olukhulayo lwaqhutshwa kulezi ziqondiso. Kule minyaka, umzabalazo wenziwa ngosizo lwezombusazwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuxolisa kwasekuqaleni kuyinto journalism.

Umsebenzi womlando weFrance

Okunye okusebenza ngaleli gama nakho kwaziwa. Isibonelo, isazi-mlando seFrance sikaMark Bloch (1886-1944), isazi-mlando seFrance, omunye wabasunguli bomagazini odumile esithi "Annals" kanye nesikole negama elifanayo, lapho ebeka khona imibono yakhe emlandweni njengesayensi futhi ahlakulele izindlela ezintsha zokufunda. Emisebenzini yakhe ethi "The Apology of History, noma i-Craft of a Historian", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1986, umbhali ucabangela umuntu ngesikhathi esithile, echaza ukuthi ukuqonda komuntu kushintsha kusukela ngekhulu kuya kwekhulu ngaphansi kwezinto eziningi, okungukuthi, umbono womlando ofanayo Izinguquko nesikhathi, futhi isazi-mlando kufanele sithathe lokhu kulandisa. Isiphetho wenza lokhu okulandelayo: ulwazi lwesikhathi esedlule kufanele lwenze impilo yezizukulwane ezilandelayo ibe ngcono.

Isicelo esingalindelekile

Ezindawo ezingalindelekile kakhulu umuntu angathola igama elithi "ukuxolisa". "I-Allods" - umdlalo odumile kakhulu wokudlala, okuyinto ye-RPG (imidlalo yokudlula) nezinhlaka zesu. "I-Allods" yindawo yonke eqanjiwe ngomlando wayo. Umzila wenzalo yilokhu: uma yonke indawo ehlanganisiwe ibhujiswe yi-comet ephahlazekayo futhi iSarnaut ephumelelayo yahlukana ngezicucu ezihlukene (Great Cataclysm). I-astral ithatha la mazwe. Okuyinhloko ye "Allods" ukugcina osindile. Wonke ama-allods axhunyiwe yi-portal. Umdlalo kusukela ekudalweni sonke isikhathi kuhlanganiswa iziqephu ezintsha. Ngakho, kuseva laseRussia kungekudala kakhulu inhlangano "ApologiaYa" yasungulwa. I-Allods ngumkhiqizo wasekhaya owadalwa nguNival, owavela eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kwe-Google. I-Nival (umthuthukisi wasekhaya wemidlalo yekhompyutha) esekelwe ezweni elikhulu le-"Allods", imidlalo enjengokuthi "Elahlekile E-Astral", "Izindawo Ezilimele" ne "Legends of the Allods" zakhiqizwa.