Imisebenzi ephawulekayo yasePushkin: "Mozart noSalieri", isifinyeto

Inhlekelele "uMozart noSalieri" ifakwe kwinombolo yomjikelezo wekamelo wemisebenzi ephawulekayo ka-Alexander Pushkin, eyabhalwa ngumlobi ngokwakhe ngokuthi "Izinhlekelele Ezincane." Kubhalwe ngo-1830, baphakamisa izinkinga zefilosofi nezokuziphatha ezabalulekile kubumbongi kanye nabangane bakhe abaseduze: inselelo yokuphelelwa isikhathi, ukuphikisana kwemizwa yothando lokuziphatha okungcwelisayo komphakathi "eMgumbini Wematshe"; Ukubhubhisa amandla emali ku-"Knight Mean"; Ubuntu nobuntu bukaNkulunkulu obuhlakaniphile, umthwalo wakhe wemisebenzi yakhe futhi usebenza eMozart naseSalieri; Ukungafuni ukufa ngaphambi kwezimo, ukuphikisa ngokumelene namafutha empilo "eMkhosini ngesikhathi sezinhlupho."

UMozart noSalieri

Inhlekelele "Mozart noSalieri", okuqukethwe okuncane okungancishiswa ukubuyisela okuncane - umsebenzi wefilosofi. Umlobi ubheka kuye imibuzo ebalulekile kubo bonke abaculi abanamakhono abonakale njengokuthi ingcweti ingenza okubi nokuthi ngabe iyohlala yini emva kwalokho. Yini okufanele uyilethe abantu? Ingabe ingcweti yobuciko ingakwazi ukuba umuntu ovamile, ongaphelele ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, nabanye abaningi. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi u-Mozart no-Salieri bafundwa kaningi kangakanani ekuqaleni, isifinyeto esifushane salomsebenzi omkhulu, ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhona umfundi ocabangelayo okufanele acabange ngakho.

Le nhlekelele isekelwe emahlebezi okuthi umculi u- Antonio Salieri ngenxa yomona ubethekele ukuhlakanipha kukaMozart. Ayikho ubufakazi obuqondile bokulelesi sikweletu. Kodwa lokhu akubalulekile ku-Pushkin. Ukuthatha indaba ephikisanayo yophikisana nayo, imbongi iyayiqinisa futhi isibheke komunye: kungani uSalieri enquma ukuphazamisa impilo yomngane wakhe ohlakaniphile? Umona lokhu noma enye into? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukhulume nomuntu ohlakaniphile kanye nomdwebi? Kusukela ekufundeni kokuqala "uMozart noSalieri", isishwankathelo sengozi yempendulo, yebo, ayiniki. In Pushkin kudingeka sicabange!

Ngakho, Salieri. Siyamazi ekuqaleni komsebenzi. Sekuyiminyaka, ekhazimuliswa udumo, ukhumbula izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala zomculo. Ngesikhathi esemusha, uzizwa ewodwa ithalenta, kodwa akaqapheli ukukholelwa kuye, uhlola ngokucophelela umsebenzi wabaculi abakhulu futhi uyabalingisa, uqonda "ukuvumelana ne-algebra", hhayi ukudala umculo ophefumulayo, ngokusho komphefumulo wakhe nokucabanga kwakhe, njengoba enza Kungaba ngumuntu ohlakaniphile, futhi "ukuhlukanisa njengesidumbu," zibe yizingxenye, ukubala amanothi nokuhluka kwawo kokukodwa nokuzwakala. Futhi ngemva nje kokutadisha ngokucophelela le mbono, izindlela zokudala umculo, imithetho yayo, uSalieri ngokwakhe uqala ukuqamba, ukushisa okukhulu, into, emva kokugxeka okukhethiwe, kushiya. Kancane kancane, uyaziwa, uyaziwa. Kodwa umqambi "wahlupheka" udumo lwakhe: ukubhala kuye umsebenzi onzima. Yena uqobo uyaqonda ukuthi akuyona iNkosi engumfundi we-Art Great. Kodwa akaba nesibindi ngalabo abadume kakhulu futhi abanolwazi, ngoba leli qhawe liyazi: abaphila naye bazuze udumo emkhakheni womculo, futhi, ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima, owenza ubuhlungu. Kulokhu balingana.

Enye into kaMoart, "engenzi lutho." Uqamba izinto ezihlakaniphile kalula, ehlekisayo futhi, njengokungathi uhleka ngefilosofi yobuciko okwakuyisikhathi eside akhulisa futhi azenzele yena nguSalieri. Insizwa encane isuke ingavumelani no-Salieri ukuxolisa, ukuzithiba okuqinile nokumesaba ukuphuma emagqumeni ahlonishwayo kwezobuciko. I-Mozart idala, njengoba iphefumula: ngokwemvelo, ngokusho kwendalenta yakhe. Mhlawumbe lo yiSalieri othukuthele kakhulu.

"UMootart noSalieri," isifinyeto sawo, ubheke phansi, empeleni, engxabano kaSalieri engaphakathi naye. Iqhawe lithatha isinqumo: Ingabe i-Mozart idinga ubuciko? Ingabe isikhathi sesilungele ukuqonda nokuqonda umculo wakhe? Akusiyo yini ingcweti yesikhathi sakhe? Akusilo lutho ukuthi u-Antonio uqhathanisa noMozart nengelosi, ikherubi elikhanyayo, ngemva kokushayela emhlabathini, lizosiza abantu njengesihlamba ekungapheleli kwabo. UMoartart, njengoba ehlezi nomsebenzi wakhe ngezinga elithile lokuhleleka nokuziphatha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, liphakamisa ubuciko nemiphefumulo yabantu ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngakolunye uhlangothi - kubonisa ukuthi yini abaqambi bamanje kanye nemvelo yabo. Kodwa ingabe i-self-mediocre mediocrite ilungile noma ingabantu nje abangekho abanamakhono okubona umuntu njengomuthi wesundu? Maye, cha! U-Pushkin ngokwakhe uzithola esesimweni esifanayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe. Ngoba ngisho nesifinyeto esifushane sikaMozart noSalieri sisiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini imbongi eyaphila, okwakumkhathaza ngesikhathi sokudala losizi.

USalieri ufika kuMozart. Ufuna ukukhombisa umngane wakhe "into" entsha ayibhala kamuva, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo "amphathe" ngehlaya: edlula ngodlame, uWolfgang wezwa i-violinist engenazigqila edlala ingoma yakhe, engacabangeli ngokungenangqondo. Ukusebenza okunjalo kwakubonakala kunengqondo, futhi wanquma ukujabulisa uSalieri. Kodwa-ke, lelo phuka alimamukeli futhi liqhuba umculi, uhlambalaza u-Mozart, ehlambalaza ukuthi akayithokozi ikhono lakhe futhi ngokuvamile akafanelekeli yena. I-Mozart yenza iculo eliqanjwe kamuva. Futhi uSalieri uphazamiseka nakakhulu: ungayenza kanjani, ngemva kokuqamba umculo ojabulisayo kangaka, unake amavesi angamanga e-violinist ekhulile ekhaya, uwathole amahle, futhi ungamcasuli. Akazihloniphi yena, ingqondo yakhe? Futhi futhi isihloko semvelo enhle yobuciko beqiniso sivela: uSalieri uqhathanisa umngane noNkulunkulu, ongazi ngobuNkulunkulu bakhe. Ekupheleni kwesiteji, abangane bavuma ukudla kwasemini ndawonye, futhi ama-Mozart ashiya.

Lapho ufunda lo mkhuba "u-Mozart no-Salieri", ukuhlaziywa kwesimo esilandelayo kuphelela ekuthi, yiziphi izimpikiswano uSalieri oziqinisekisa ngesidingo sokunciphisa ukuphila komngane ohlakaniphile. Ukholelwa ukuthi ngaphandle kukaMozart, ubuciko buyozuza kuphela ukuthi abakhiqizi bayoba nethuba lokubhala umculo ngenxa yamakhono abo okuthobeka futhi ngaphandle kokubheka i-modern contemporary. I, ngokubhubhisa uWolfgang, uSalieri uzonikeza insizakalo ebalulekile yobuciko. Ukuze kube njalo, u-Antonio unquma ukusebenzisa ubuthi obutholiwe njengesipho kusuka kumuntu owayengumthandi.

Isigameko sokugcina sisendaweni yokucubungula. UMozart utshela umngane ngesinye isivakashi esingaziwayo, umuntu omnyama obelokhu emlandela kamuva. Khona-ke kufika ku-Beaumarchais, okufana no-Mozart, indoda ehlakaniphile, umculi wekhono onethalente elikhanyayo, elikhazimulayo kanye nenkululeko ephelele emsebenzini wakhe. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi uBeumarchais wayenobuthi obumuthi, kepha uMootart akakholelwa kulo. Ngokusho kwakhe, i-villainy ne-genius ayikwazi ukuhlangana nomuntu oyedwa. I-Genius ingaba yindlela yokwenza okuhle nokukhanya, injabulo, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuthwala u-Evil emhlabeni. Uzinikela ukuphuza abathathu kubo, abazalwane e-Light - Salieri, Beaumarchais kanye no-Mozart. Yebo. UWolfgang ubheka u-Antonio engumlandeli wakhe. Futhi uSalieri umphonsa ingilazi yewayini ngewayini, iziphuzo zaseMozart, ngokukholwa ngobuqotho ukuthi eduze kwakhe inhliziyo iqotho futhi inkulu njengayo.

Lapho uMozart edlala "i-Requiem", engazi ngisho nokuthi, empeleni, lokhu kuyisikhumbuzo ngaye ngokwakhe, uSalieri uyakhala. Kodwa lezi akuzona izinyembezi zokuphenduka nobuhlungu kumngane - kuyinjabulo ukuthi lesi sikweletu sigcwaliseka.

I-Mozart imbi, uyashiya. Futhi uSalieri ubonisa: uma uMozart eqinisile, akayena ohlakaniphile, ngoba wenza ubugebengu. Kodwa edumile uMichelangelo, naye, kuthiwa ubulale umdwebo wakhe. Kodwa-ke, inkantolo yesazi ukuhlakanipha kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, uSalieri, usengumuntu ohlakaniphile? Futhi uma mayelana neBuararotti yonke imibala yesixuku esiyiphukuphuku, uma umdwebi engabulali muntu? Khona-ke uSalieri - akuyona ingqondo?

Ukuphela kwalesi sigameko kuvulekile, emva kwakhe, njengoba kuvame ukubhekana noPushkin, "ukulahlwa kwendawo", futhi wonke umuntu kumelwe azenzele yena, lowo umbono wakhe, uSalieri noma uMoartart, ukuba aqaphele iqiniso.