Izici zobuciko bukaLermontov: izinkinga, izingqikithi namasu okudweba

Izici zobuciko bukaLermontov zifundiswa esikoleni esiphakeme. Ekuqaleni abafundi badlulisa izinkondlo kuphela zenkondlo, ngakho-ke, ebangeni lesishiyagalombili, inkulumo ethi "The Hero of Our Time", futhi ekhulwini leshumi liphindaphinda le ndaba. Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele umsebenzi walo mbongi wesibindi nomlobi we-prose kuphela eminyakeni yobudala ekhulile. Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuthatha indlela ejulile yengqondo emisebenzini yakhe. Umsebenzi kaMikhail Lermontov uyindawo enenzuzo yokusebenza kwabahlaziyi bombhalo. Phela, kunamathemba amaningi ahlukene.

Ukuhlelwa kwezikhathi zobungcweti uMnu Yu Lermontov

Singasho ukuthi umsebenzi wembongi uyingxenye ebalulekile. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa noma yiziphi izinkathi, izinguquko ekubukeni kwezwe. Kodwa-ke, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izikhathi zakuqala nezikhathi zokugcina emsebenzini kaLermontov. Umngcele uyinkondlo ebhalwe nguye, ezinikezelwe ekufeni kwePushkin, "Ukufa Kwembongi." Ngokuvamile, ukufa kuka-Alexander Pushkin kwakuyindlela yokuguqula iLermontov. Manje waqala ukuzwa yonke imithwalo yemfanelo eyabelwe yona njengomlandeli wembongi wokuqala wezwe. Ngakho-ke, konke uMikhail Yurievich wabhala ngaphambi kuka-1837 kuyinhloko ye-lyric yokuqala, futhi lokho okulandelayo sekuphelile.

Izici zomsebenzi kaLermontov wokudala wangesikhathi sokuqala

Isimbongi saqala ukubhala kusengaphambili. Uma uPushkin ekhuluma ngamathemba, ubuciko beLyceum bugcwele izifiso, bese uLermontov yaqala ngokudumazeka. Phela, imbangela yabakwaDecembrists yachitha, bagwetshwa ukusebenza kanzima noma babulawa. Ukunganeliseki ngento engokoqobo ehambisana nombongi, ubeka wonke umsebenzi wakhe futhi ubonakale ngokucacile ezinkondlweni zakuqala. Yiqiniso, imisebenzi yeminyaka yangaphambili inikwe amandla maximalism abasha. Ezobuciko bokuqala, isiqondiso esinjalo sitholakala ezincwadini njengokuthandana. Siyabona emisebenzini kaLermontov ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-Romantics emhlabeni jikelele, izwe langempela, nezwe eliphuphayo, elihle lelo hero eliyingqayizivele lingathanda ukungena. Izici zezinkinga zobuciko bukaLermontov ziqukethe ukuthi imbongi ayinayo nezezindaba zomphakathi nezombangazwe. Akaphakamisi inkinga yesitfombe, akakhulumi ngokungahambisani kwamandla. Kodwa singaqagela ukunganaki kwakhe ezinkondlweni ezinikezelwe emzaneni waseRussia noma isihloko senkondlo kanye nezinkondlo. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wokudala kaLermontov zingokwengqondo. Kusukela emavesini okuqala, isisusa sesizungu, esiphezulu, esiphezulu sesikhathi, senziwa futhi saguqulwe, sizwakala ngokucacile.

Isithombe sesidemoni esithombeni sangaphambili

Ekuqaleni kohambo uLermontov incike emsebenzini we-English romantics, ikakhulukazi uGeorge Byron. Umlobi waseNgilandi naye wabonisa isithombe sedemoni. Ukudala kuhlotshaniswa nothando loluhlobo hhayi njengesipho, kodwa njengesiqalekiso. Umlobi osemncane u-Lermontov (kanye nesosha lakhe elimnandi) uyaqiniseka ukuthi yena, njengedemoni, akasoze athola indawo kule ndawo. Ngempela, idemoni laphonswa phansi ezulwini, kodwa emhlabeni abantu abawamukeli. Manje usalindelekile ukuzulazula phakathi kwezwe elibili, ugwetshwe ukuhlala wedwa wedwa. Isithombe sesidemoni sithintana kakhulu nesithombe esinombongo njengesiphepho. Ngempela, idemoni, okuyiyona nto "yokuqoqa okubi", ithanda iziphepho ezibulalayo kanye nezinkanuko. Izici zobuciko bukaLermontov nazo ziboniswa ngalokhu: ngokuvamile amaqhawe anamandla, ukuhlupheka nokufuna, balwela ukuthula, ukuphila okuthula nokuthula. Lokhu akusiyona hero yeLermontov: ufuna ukuphila "ukucabanga nokuhlupheka." Ukuhlukunyezwa okuzolile akukhona kuye, impilo yilapho kuphela lapho izifiso zithukuthela khona. Isibonelo sokubuka umhlaba wonke kusinika inkondlo ethi "Sayela": "Kodwa yena, ohlubukayo, ucela iziphepho, njengokungathi kukhona ukuphumula ngeziphepho".

I-Late Lyrics by Lermontov

Umsebenzi kaMikhail Yurievich Lermontov kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kokushiya noma yiziphi izinkathi. Esikhathini esilandelayo isosha kukhona ushintsho umbono wezinkondlo. Uma ngaphambi kukaLermontov egxeke umhlaba wonke ngezinkinga zakhe, wabhekana nokungaqondi kahle kanye nesizungu, akakwazanga ukubekezelela noma yini ayengayithandi, kodwa manje uhlezi kakhulu. Futhi izinkondlo zakhe zigcwele usizi nobuhlungu, ziye zaba sengqondo ngaphezulu, ziqinisekisiwe nakakhulu. Isisusa sobumuntu sisondelene kakhulu nesisusa sokungaqondakali kanye nokusesha indawo ekuphileni. Noma kunjalo, lezi zixuku azipheli lutho.

I-Philosophical Lyrics

Izinkinga ezinjalo zihlale zinesithakazelo imbongi. Kodwa kuye, ifilosofi nokusebenza kwengqondo bekulokhu kungabonakali. ULermontov ubonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo kuleli zwe futhi ekuphileni ngendlela ehlukile. Uhlala njalo enza lokhu usebenzisa izithombe zemvelo. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukuletha inkondlo "Uma insimu ye-yellowing ikhathazekile." Izithombe ezikhanyayo kakhulu zitholakala endaweni kulolu hlelo lokusebenza. Umbongi ufanisa izitshalo nezidalwa eziphilayo, uzizwa uxhumano olungabonakali nabo, into yena, ngeshwa, azizwa ekhulumisana nabantu. Kungokwemvelo ukuthi uLermontov uthola ukuphumula, uqala ukuzwa ukuvumelana kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye amaqiniso aphezulu avuliwe ("Futhi ezulwini ngiyambona uNkulunkulu").

Inkinga efanayo ingenye yezinkondlo zokugcina - "Ngihamba ngedwa emgwaqweni." Lapha, imvelo iboniswa ngokuvumelana, lezi azizona izakhi ezihlukene, kodwa indawo yonke, lapho "inkanyezi eneenkanyezi ithi." Kodwa ngalesosikhathi imbongi ayizizwa ekhululekile. Ulimazekile futhi kunzima. Mhlawumbe, okokuqala ngqá kukho konke ukudala, uveza isifiso sokuthula. Kodwa lokho okuphumayo, okukhulunywa ngakho yiLermontov, kuhluke ekumelelweni okujwayelekile. Ngempela, imbongi ifuna ukubona phakade isimo sokukhula, uzizwe ukuhamba komoya futhi uzwe ngothando.

Isihloko sezinkondlo kanye nezinkondlo

Izici zomsebenzi kaMnu Lermontov wokudala awukwazi ukucatshangwa ngokweqile kusuka esihlokweni ezifana nezinkondlo. Kuyinto emavesini, okukhuluma ngobuciko, isipho somlobi, ukuthi izimiso eziyisisekelo zombono wezwe zombongi zigcwaliseka. Isibonelo esicacile yinkondlo ethi "Umprofethi". Kulo, imbongi iqhuba uhlobo lwenkhulumomphendvulwano noPushkin. Uqala inkondlo yakhe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uPushkin wema ngaleso sikhathi: "UNkulunkulu wanikeza imbongi isazi esingazi kahle umprofethi, kodwa uma uPushkin enethemba lokuthi" uzoshisa ngesenzo senhliziyo yabantu, "uLermontov, ngokuphambene nalokho, uzizwa ehlukanisiwe: ubona kubantu Ufuna njengoPushkin ukuthi afinyelele abantu, kodwa ngeke akwazi ukukwenza, ngoba abantu (isixuku esingenakuqonda) bamangalela ngokuziqhenya nokuziqhenya. Isikhundla senkondlo nesixuku singenye yezici eziyinhloko zezinkondlo zikaLermontov.

Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo "Mtsyri"

Kule nkondlo kuboniswe, okokuqala, izimiso zothando zenkondlo. Kodwa kunezici eziphawulekayo zomsebenzi kaLermontov kuwo . Ngokufushane indaba yile ndlela elandelayo: insizwa eyayikhuliswe e-monasteri, ifuna ukukhululwa, kodwa usuku lonke luphendukele ukuba lonakalise. UMtsyri - unkosikazi ongekho emthethweni wazizwa eboshiwe konke ukuphila kwakhe. Uyisiqhawe esivamile sokuthandana naye, izwe izwe ahlala kulo elingenakubekezelela. UMtsyri wayefuna ukuzizwa ephila, ukwazi konke ukubonakala kwalo. Wathandeka ubuhle bemvelo futhi wajabulela ukuhamba emahlathini. Wayecabanga ngokukhethekile ngezwi lomGeorgia osemusha. Lapho ezwa, uMtsyri waqaphela ukuthi ukhululekile. Ehlathini, wathola ingwe - ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla nesibindi. Ekulweni efanayo ingwe yafa, uMtsyri naye uthola isilonda esibulalayo. Le nkondlo ibonisa ngokucacile uthando lukaLermontov ngesimo seCaucasus. Umbongi oqhakazile kakhulu futhi onemibala uchaza izindawo zasendaweni. Esikhathini senkondlo esekelwe ngokugcwele izici zobuciko zomsebenzi kaLermontov. Isithombe sesimo salo sithintana nezithombe imbongi eyayizidweba ngenkathi ehamba eningizimu yaseRussia naseCaucasus.

Inanethi "I-Hero Yesikhathi Sethu"

Lena umsebenzi we- prose, lapho izici zomsebenzi wokudala kaLermontov nazo zivezwa ngokucacile. Leveli inobucayi kakhulu. Ukuhumusha okuhlukahlukene kohlobo lomlingiswa oyinhloko - iPechorin. Abacwaningi bephikisana nendlela aphatha ngayo iqhawe lakhe uLermontov nokuthi ngabe uPechorin angabizwa ngamawele wembongi ngokwakhe. Yiqiniso, njengemisebenzi yonke ka M. Lermontov, le nveli inemvelaphi yokuphila. Ukufana kweqhawe nomlobi ngokwabo: ukhonza eCaucasus, yena wedwa, uyaziphikisa kwabanye abantu. Kodwa-ke, ePechorin kunezici eziningi kakhulu zamademoni futhi ikakhulukazi ezingalungile, ngenxa yokuthi siyaqonda ukuthi umlobi uPechorin ngokucacile akayona hero ngokuzwakalayo kwezwi.

In novel, amakhono omlobi-kwengqondo weqaphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPechorin ibangela uzwela kumfundi, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukusho ukuthi ungumuntu omuhle. Ukhohlisa amantombazane, udelela abantu aze abulale uGrushnitsky enkundleni yebhola. Kodwa uhlakaniphile, uthembekile, umgomo. ULermontov usebenzisa indlela enjalo yobuciko yokusebenza kwengqondo njengemininingwane. Izici ezimbi zezimpawu zikaPechorin zibonakaliswa ngemininingwane encane kunazo zonke: ekuhambeni okukhulunywa ngaye ngasese, ngokuziphatha kwakhe noMaxim Maksimych, okhuluma ngokubandisa kwakhe nokungakhathaleli abantu, ngisho nasezinyembezi zakhe ezingabangelwa usizi, kodwa kubangele abalimele Ukuziqhenya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleveli singathola izibonelo zokufananisa kwengqondo.

Inano enobuqiniso obuphelele ingabizwa ngokuthi ifilosofi. Kulo mlobi uxoxisana kokubili ubungane, nangothando, nangokuphathelene nesiphetho. Yonke isenzo senzelwe umlingiswa ophakathi - iPechorin, futhi yonke imigqa yendaba iyancishiswa. Kodwa-ke, le noveli ayizange ibe yinto engathandeki: Ubuntu bukaPechorin bubuningi futhi buyinkimbinkimbi.

Iziphetho ezijwayelekile

Ngakho, izingqikithi eziyinhloko emsebenzini kaLermontov.

1. Isihloko semvelo. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nemibuzo yefilosofi.
2. Isihloko sesizungu. Kwezinye izinkondlo kunzima ngenxa yesisindo.
3. Isihloko senkondlo kanye nezinkondlo. Kuyini isipho sezinkondlo, lapho izinkondlo ezidingekile, ukuthi kubaluleke ngani ezweni lanamuhla.
4. Isihloko sothando. Yena eLermontov naye udwebe ngezwi elimnyama, uthando lokuthandana luhlanganyela eqenjini lamavesi amavesi mayelana nesizungu.

Umsebenzi kaMikhail Yurievich Lermontov ugcwele imizwa ejulile. Mhlawumbe amazwi akhe atholakala ngokucophelela ngoba ubeka umphefumulo wakhe kuwo, ngoba iqhawe lakhe lingenakuhlukaniswa nombhali. Ngokuqinisekile, ithalenta likaLermontov ayibonakali nje kuphela ezingeni lokuqukethwe, kodwa nakwezinga lefomu. Izinkondlo eziningi zembongi (ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kamuva) zikhulu kakhulu, kodwa zijulile futhi zinamandla.