Ukungqubuzana kwezincwadi - ingabe lowo mqondo? Izinhlobo, izinhlobo kanye nezibonelo zezingxabano ezincwadini

Yini eyenza umfundi sibheke ekhasini lokuqala omuhle wobuciko? Othile wacosha incwadi ngoba igama lombhali, umuntu wahosha esimnandi noma inkanuko isihloko sendaba noma inoveli. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi? Yini engenza ukufunda ikhasi yikhasi, umugqa ngamawala, "ukugwinya" ephrintiwe? Yiqiniso, inkinga lekhona endzabeni! Futhi libukhali asonta kuka ezibuhlungu abalingiswa, ezithakazelisa kakhulu umfundi ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Isakhi esiyinhloko irhuluphelo ekuthuthukiseni ngesakhiwo - ukungqubuzana izincwadi kuwumshikashika, nesimo izintshisekelo nezinhlamvu, bezibona ezahlukene isimo. Konke lokhu kuphakamisa ubudlelwano phakathi izithombe kwezincwadi kuye njengesiqondiso, ukuthuthukisa icebo.

Ukunqunywa ukungqubuzana nendlela isicelo

It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela le umqondo kabanzi, njengoba ingxabano. Incazelo izincwadi ifomu ezithize, uhlobo reception ibonisa ukuthi le ngxabano abalingiswa ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa, ngenye indlela lesi simo esifanayo, incazelo yokuthi izizathu imizwa yabo, imicabango nezifiso ezimweni ezifanayo noma efanayo, futhi kukhona ukungqubuzana. Ngamagama ngaphezulu elula, kuwumshikashika phakathi kokuhle nokubi, nesikhathi sokuzonda, iqiniso namanga.

Clash of imibango, sithola wobuciko ngamunye, noma ngabe indzaba lemfisha, i Saga amaqhawe, inoveli eyingqopha noma ukudlala enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. khona ukushayisana kuphela okwazi ukusetha isiqondiso ngemibono kwendaba, ukwakha ithrekhi, ahlele ubuhlobo izinga ngendlela ephambene.

ikhono lombhali ukudala isikhathi ukungqubuzana isimo kuzo lapho elandisa, nika okuphambene izinhlamvu ezicacile, ikhono ukuvikela iqiniso yayo ngempela abafundi nesithakazelo ukufunda ukwenza umkhiqizo ukuze uqede. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuletha emvuthwandaba izinkanuko, ukudala isimo untenable, bese ivumela uhlamvu ngempumelelo uzinqobe. Sinenkosi ukuthatha izingozi, phuma, ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba ahlupheke, okubangela abafundi lonke yinqwaba zonke izinhlobo imizwa emseni mnene umuntu angamukeleki ezijulile izenzo zabo.

Yini okufanele khona ukungqubuzana

amakhosi True yokukhuluma wobuciko ukuvumela izinhlamvu zabo ukuba kanye nokuvikela umbonwabo, ngokujulile entrained e inethiwekhi imizwa yabo futhi abafundi ebonisana namanani ahlukene zokuziphatha. Kuphela kuleli cala, umkhiqizo webutho abalandeli luyokhula nigcwalise amateur Inkulumo wobuciko bobudala obungefani, amaqembu etindzaweni letihlukene tekuhlalisana, emazingeni ahlukahlukene imfundo. Uma umlobi ephethwe wasithatha Amakhasi kuqala ukunakwa yomfundi bese ubamba ke kwelinye yesehlakalo noma ngxabano ngemibono kuya Iphuzu lokugcina - udumo usiba lwayo! Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki njalo, futhi uma izingxabano eqanjiwe engakhuli njengomuntu Snowball, engahileli esinqumweni sabo izinhlamvu ezintsha, has nobunzima ayo, ukuthuthukisa eyabangela ekuqaleni isithakazelo akusho smognut futhi inoveli, futhi inoveli noma umdlalo, ngisho edume kunazo umbhali.

Uzungu kufanele kube twist ashukumisayo iphuzu elithile, ukudala isimo Amazing kakhulu: ngokungaqondi, izinsongo lesebaleni nalebhacile, ukwesaba, ukulahlekelwa - kuyadingeka ukugcina isikhulumi. Lokho kungaba ukudala? Kuphela ube esejika ngesakhiwo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubangelwe kokutholakala okungalindelekile incriminating izinhlamvu icala ezahlukene - ukuthunjwa ubufakazi obuqand 'iqiniso kothile. Esahlukweni esisodwa, hero bangaba ufakazi ubugebengu noma isimo piquant, elinye - ukuba abe yedwa umsunguli into edidayo. Ngekhulu lesithathu kungase kubonakale abashisekeli osolisayo mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo uyazi lutho, kodwa uzizwa phambi kwabo. Khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu akulona abashisekeli, futhi izitha ezifihliwe imvelo siseduze naye njengoba ehleli eduzane. Ake ngezinye izikhathi izibonelo ukungqubuzana izincwadi kubonakale banal, angeke zifezeke, kodwa kufanele ugcine umfundi e ukungezwani njalo.

Ithonya Lako Ingxabano ngesakhiwo ukunemba

ukuhlupheka Sole nezinsizi protagonist yobuciko kungaba sivuse isithakazelo nozwela kuphela ngokokuqala nenhlalakahle, uma ingxabano ngeke abathintekayo, futhi izinhlamvu yesibili elandisayo. Ukuchitheka kuyadingeka ukuze ujulise ukwandisa, ukunikeza icebo lensha, ukukhanya kanye nokucija.

agumenti elibala, ngisho imizwa okusezingeni eliphezulu nobumsulwa ongcwele, uzokwazi kukwenze umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo isifiso uphenye ikhasi isidina e ukucikeka. Ngenxa imibono yabantu okuwukuthi, Yiqiniso, omkhulu, kepha uma kuyindodakazi, kucace kuwo wonke umuntu futhi akwakhi kweqembu imibuzo, futhi bathumbe umcabango kothile ngeke bakwazi, futhi thina, lapho sithathe incwadi, ngangidinga imizwa elikhanyayo. Ingxabano ezincwadini - lena sicasulwa.

Nikeza ngeke kuphela wayephambanisa kuveze inqwaba izimo njengoba inhloso ecacile futhi enembile wezinhlamvu ngamunye kubo ithwala ngokusebenzisa wonke umsebenzi ngaphandle ekhaphela ke, ngisho nalapho umbhali Ufaka ngabalingiswa wesihogo passion. Noma yiziphi amaqembu alwayo kufanele bafake isandla ekuthuthukiseni ngesakhiwo: oyedwa zasendle yayo, akunangqondo Antics enrage umfundi, elinye - isahlulelo sakhe ezolile futhi isenzo soqobo. Kodwa sonke kudingeka ukuxazulula omunye inkinga - ukudala nokucija lelandzisako.

A wobuciko njengoba kukhombisa izingxabano

Yini enye ngaphandle izincwadi, ungakwazi isihlwithe zokuphila kwansuku zonke futhi ukwanelisa okuvelayo wakhe? ubudlelwano zothando, lapho ngezinye izikhathi anisuthi. Izikhangibavakashi emazweni ezingavamile, okuyinto empeleni ungakwazi ukukhokhela hhayi wonke umuntu. Eneka izigebengu, ukufihla ezicashe umthetho isakhamuzi ehloniphekayo. Umfundi ifuna encwadini ekukhathaza kuye, futhi ngikhathazekile nesithakazelo kakhulu esikhathini esithile, kodwa ekuphileni kwangempela le futhi naye noma nabangani bakhe lutho like lokhu kwenzeka. Isihloko ukungqubuzana ezincwadini igcwalisa lesi sidingo. Siyazi-ke kwenzeka kanjani, ukuthi uma obuphatheka ngesandla. Noma iyiphi inkinga, nanoma yisiphi isimo ekuphileni, ungakuthola ku izincwadi futhi lonke ekhishwa imizwelo ukuba siqhubekele phambili.

Amafomu izinhlobo izingxabano

Lezo zincwadi eshiwo ngokucacile izingxabano eziningana ethize: uthando, yamaSoviet, zefilosofi, nomphakathi kanye ezifuywayo, ngezimpawu, ngokwengqondo, zenkolo, lempi. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele, thina nje kuphela ukuba ucabangele izigaba eziyinhloko, futhi ngamunye wabo uhlu ayo nemisebenzi yisakhiwo sodumo abonisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zalezi zinhlobo ingxabano. Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni kaShakespeare "Romeo and Juliet", ngaphandle kokuya demagogy, singasho sithi uhlobo lothando. Ubudlelwano obuphakathi abambelele ebantwini, ikhona okuncike uthando, sibonisa elikhanyayo, esibuhlungu, singaze silahle ithemba. Uhlamvu drama yalo msebenzi ibonisa iyiphi enye ngaphezulu isiko zabuna. Esiqintini "Dubrovsky" nje iphindwa isihloko "Romeo and Juliet" futhi kungaba bayisibonelo ejwayelekile, kodwa indaba enhle Pushkin sika sikhunjuzwa kusadingeka ngemva idrama ucingo edume kakhulu kaShakespeare.

Kuyadingeka usho ezinye izinhlobo izingxabano izincwadi. Ekhuluma ezingokwengqondo, kusenza sikhumbule ukuthi "uDon Juan" Byron sika. Isithombe protagonist kuyinto impikiswano kangako futhi ngokucace kangaka eveza le ngxabano sangaphakathi umuntu, okuyinto engcono kakhulu ummeleli evamile ukungqubuzana wathi kwakuyoba nzima ukubona ngeso lengqondo.

storylines eziningana kule noveli evesini "Eugene Onegin", izinhlamvu masterfully wadala ayisibonelo ngoba uthando, nenhlalakahle, futhi izingxabano ngemibono. Ukungqubuzana imibono ehlukene, abathi ubukhulu omunye phezu kweminye futhi aba amaSheshi, idlule cishe yonke indalo tetemibhalo, ovusa ngokuphelele umfundi lwendaba yayo futhi kungenazo izingxabano.

I nokuhlalisana yezingxabano eziningi ezincwadini

izinhlobo Aluka, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthatha isibonelo ifomu izingcezu ezinkulu ukubheka ngaphezulu ngokuqondile ukuthi izingxabano asetshenziswa imisebenzi ebhaliwe: "Impi Nokuthula" UTolstoy esithi "Idiot", "Abafowethu Karamazov," "bengenwa" ngamandla Fyodor Dostoevsky, "Taras Bulba "by idrama N. Gogol" endlini A Doll sika "by Ibsen. Njalo umfundi Ungakha uhlu izindaba, amanoveli, imidlalo, lapho kulula ukulandelela nokuhlalisana yokuphikisana eziningana. Kaningi-ke vstrnechaetsya, kanye nabanye, kanye nokushayisana izizukulwane izincwadi Russian.

Ngokwesibonelo, e "abakhwelwe" prospector unake uthola ongokomfanekiso, uthando, zefilosofi, nomphakathi kanye ezifuywayo, nokudala ingxabano ngokwengqondo. Esikhathini izincwadi sekuyahwalala konke lokho kugcina lwendaba. "Impi Nokuthula" futhi abacebile ngxabano kwezithombe kanye ubumbaxambili izenzakalo. Ingxabano kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu ngisho isihloko kule noveli. Ukuhlaziya izinhlamvu heroes yakhe, ngasinye ingatholakala donzhuanovsky ukungqubuzana ngokwengqondo. Per Bezuhov udelela uHelen kodwa wathumba ke lolungenamaphutsa. UNatasha Rostova ujabule abathanda Andreyu Bolkonskomu, kodwa kwaholela yisifiso eyisono ukuba Anatole Kuragin. ukungqubuzana Socio-yasendlini ukuqagela othandweni Sony ukuba UNikolai Rostov nokubandakanyeka kule uthando wonke umndeni. nokunye esahlukweni ngasinye, ngasinye ezincane A ongazihlwitha konke ndawonye -. Ongafi, umkhiqizo esikhulu, okungekho ayinakuqhathaniswa.

Bright isithombe ngxabano imvama enovelini "Obaba and Sons"

Ayikho okujabulisa kancane ngokuthi "Impi Nokuthula", ufanelwe inoveli by Ivan Turgenev "Obaba and Sons." Kukholakala ukuthi lo msebenzi - bubhalwe ukungqubuzana ngemibono, ngxabano ngezizukulwane. Ngokungangabazeki, ukuphakama imibono yabo kwabanye abantu, ubani, ngenhlonipho alinganayo bonke izinhlamvu ukwabelana ukuvikela indaba, kuqinisekisa lokho kugomela. Ngisho ingxabano ekhona phakathi kothando Bazarov Odintsov akulutho ngaphansi kwesimo umzabalazo ongagunci efanayo Bazarov futhi Pavel Petrovich. Umfundi ehlupheka kanye nabo, ukuqonda abuye asekele enye, adelele enye lokusola ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo. Kodwa ngamunye lezi zinhlamvu kuyinto kanye abahluleli, futhi phakathi abasekeli abalandeli umkhiqizo. ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso izizukulwane izincwadi Russian, kwenye indawo eshiwo ngokucacile ngakho.

Impi imibono abamele amakilasi amabili ahlukene, echazwe ngaphansi liqhakazile, kodwa lokhu Into edabukisa nakakhulu - umbono Bazarov ezatholwa abazali babo. Aint it ukushayisana? Nazi nje ezinye - the ngemibono noma okwamanje komphakathi kanye zasekhaya? Endabeni ethile kuba okukhulu, ubuhlungu, ngisho scary.

Turgenev wadala umfanekiso nihilist yonke imisebenzi ekhona yobuciko njalo kuyoba eyindida kunazo zonke uhlamvu tetemibhalo, futhi inoveli yabhalwa ngo-1862 - okwaba ngaphezu kokuphindwa nengxenye engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Ingabe lo akuyena yini ubufakazi wayeyisazi inoveli?

Sokuzindla ukungqubuzana kwezenhlalo kanye ezifuywayo izincwadi

Ngo amagama ambalwa siye sekushiwo lokhu hlobo lwempi, kodwa okudingeka siwuphendule olunemininingwane ethe xaxa. Ngo "Evgenii Onegine," Pushkin, wamambulela amazwi ngakho elula, ngakho lisinikeza ngokucacile nge imigqa yokuqala yomsebenzi, ukuthi akukho okunye akusho linqobe ke, ngisho uthando obuyisimanga Tatiana kanye nokusheshe zife ka Lensky.

"Noma nini ukuphila kwasekhaya, ngifuna ukubeka umkhawulo ... Yini kungaba sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa emhlabeni omkhaya ..." - Eugene uthi, nimkholwe, ukuqonda kwakhe, ngisho noma ngabe umfundi, neminye imibono ngale ndaba! Ngakho ezahlukene amagugu siqu Onegin futhi Lensky, amaphupho abo, izifiso, yokuphila - ngokuphelele okuphambene - zibonisa lutho ngaphezu ncamashi kanjani ukungaboni ngaso linye kwezenhlalo kanye basekhaya izincwadi. Lokhu kuveza of emihlabeni emibili elikhanyayo, izinkondlo kanye temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, leqhwa nomlilo. Lezi okuyizinto ezimbili polar ayikwazi babambisane ezikhona ndawonye: i Apotheosis kokungqubuzana - kokufa Lensky endaweni Duel.

izinhlobo zefilosofi ufanekisela izingxabano futhi indawo yabo ezincwadini

Njengoba ukuba impi zefilosofi, isibonelo esiphelele isifundo sakhe, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi Fedora Dostoevskogo, kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala futhi awuzange usikhumbule. "Abafowethu Karamazov", "isilima", "Ingane" futhi eminye phansi uhlu ifa okungenakufa Fedorov Mikhailovich - konke Welukwa izindikimba lekhethelo eyifilosofi cishe abantu ngothi lwabo, izinhlamvu yemisebenzi yakhe. imisebenzi Dostoevsky sika - izibonelo ezicacile zendlela izingxabano izincwadi! Lokho kukhona ngamanyala (kodwa izinhlamvu kunalokho evamile) indaba ephathwayo esiwumgodi sokuphinga, sidlula lonke inoveli "Amademoni", futhi ikakhulukazi liphinyiselwe ukukhawulela isahluko eside "Fedor". Yimaphi amazwi la izintandokazi kuyafaneleka futhi wachaza - into kodwa impi ngaphakathi of uhlamvu zefilosofi.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo kufanekisa iwumkhiqizo M. Maeterlinck "Blue Bird". Empeleni ziyoncibilika umcabango, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ukuguqulwa ufanekisela kumi ukukholwa, nokwethemba, self-inkolelo inyoni wasenganekwaneni - ngesakhiwo okuyisibonelo salokhu uhlobo ingxabano.

Futhi ongokomfanekiso windmills Cervantes, waphuma umphefumlo kayise Hamlet sika eShakespeare, imibuthano ayisishiyagalolunye isihogo uDante. abalobi Modern ukusebenzisa kancane kufanekisa njengendlela ingxabano, kodwa zisuthe epics.

Izinhlobo izingxabano ngemisebenzi Gogol

Imisebenzi umbhali enkulu eRussia nase-Ukraine igcwele kufanekisa zimakwe ngamademoni yakhe, mermaids, brownies - ohlangothini olubi nemiphefumulo yabantu. Inoveli "Taras Bulba" luhluke iningi imisebenzi UNikolai Vasilievich ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo izithombe otherworldly - konke wangempela, is ngokomlando elungisisiwe futhi kahle kamhlophe ingxabano akuyona kunabayeni kuleyo ngxenye eqanjiwe, ongagcini kuzo zonke umsebenzi wokubhala degrees obuhlukahlukene.

izinhlobo ejwayelekile kokushayisana izincwadi: Uthanda, inhlalakahle, ngokwengqondo, ludvweshu imvama kungenziwa kalula kuyofikwa ku "Taras Bulba". Ezincwadini isiRashiya, umfanekiso Andria ngakho eliqinisekisiwe njengesibonelo, lapho aboshiwe, akudingekile waphinda angene oluchaza ukuthi izigcawu ezithile bona usukela. Kwanele ukuba bazofunda le ncwadi kanye ukudweba namanye amaphuzu ukunakwa esithile. Ukungqubuzana ngemisebenzi izincwadi Russian salokhu futhi isicelo.

Futhi kancane okwengeziwe izingxabano

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingqubuzana: yamahlaya, lyrical, satirical, amadlingozi, ezihlekisayo. Lokhu okuthiwa izinhlobo yimikhuba, bajwayele ukuthuthukisa isitayela imisebenzi uhlobo.

Lezi zinhlobo izimpi izincwadi njengoba bezifunda i-eseyi lelandzisako - zenkolo, umndeni, yobuhlanga - idlule imisebenzi izihloko abafanele futhi ukungqubuzana onikezwe lelandzisako iyonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona nesimo kungase kubonise ohlangothini izinkanuko kwendaba noma inzondo inoveli, isisa, uthando. Ukugcizelela ngesici esithile ubudlelwano phakathi izinhlamvu, engaloli ingxabano phakathi kwazo. Definition of wathandeka kakhulu lo mqondo izincwadi isikhathi eside has simise ahlukile. Ukuxabana, ukubhekana, ukulwa uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa inkulumo ecacile ngaphezulu hhayi kuphela uhlobo izinhlamvu kanye lwendaba main, kodwa futhi lonke uhlelo imibono ukuthi bukaJehova kubonakala umkhiqizo. Ingxabano usebenza noma temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba: nursery, baseshi, owesifazane, oluchaza, obubhalwe phansi. Zonke izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobo izingxabano kungukuthi efakwe, zingabantu tiphawulo - baningi. Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo ayidaliwe akukho ndalo. Indaba nokungqubuzana izincwadi bangamathe nolimi.