I-Indonesia Ngekhulu Le-19

Ngaphansi kokucindezelwa kwamanye amandla amakhulu eHolland, kwakudingeka ukuba wenqabe ilungelo elilodwa lokuxhaphazwa kwezimo zamaminerali ase-Indonesia, idijithali yamalahle namafutha. Inhloko-dolobha yangasese yaseDutch neyesiDashi yakuthola ukufinyelela embonini yezimayini.

Inqubomgomo ephoqelelwe ye "iminyango evulekile" inikezele ekungeneni kwekoloni yenhloko-dolobha yaseDutch yamazwe ahlukahlukene. Isikhulu saseNgilandi, esilandela amaDashi, sangena emnothweni wezitshalo kanye nembonini yezimayini. Izinkampani ezinkulu zokuthunyelwa zaseBrithani zudlala indima evelele ekuthumeleni izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-Indonesian. Izixhumanisi phakathi kwezingqalasizinda zezimali zesiNgisi nezamaDutch zaqala ukuzondelana kakhulu, futhi izinkampani ezihlanganisiwe zase-Anglo-Dutch zakhuphuka okwedlula kakhulu i-Indonesia. Kwakukhona lapha, e-Indonesia, ukuthi iRoyal Dutch Shell, kamuva eyaba yinye yezinkolelo zamafutha ezinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yaba umphikisana namafutha aseMelika aqala ukusebenza futhi aqala ukusebenza. I-Indonesia Ngekhulu Le-19 ...

Inkampani ehlanganisiwe, eyayiqondiswa yi-Deterding, yanqoba wonke amabhizinisi amancane okukhiqiza amafutha futhi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwakuyi-monopoly engekho emthethweni e-Indonesia, lapho izikhundla zayo zingenakunyakaziswa khona.

EJava, kwakukhona imifino emikhulu yomshukela, ugwayi, ikhofi, itiye, i- cinchona, eyayihlala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamahektha ezweni elihle kakhulu. Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-XX. Izindawo zokuqala zikaHevea, ezithunyelwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia evela eBrazil, zavela futhi zanikeza imiphumela emihle lapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-raber ibe yikhiqizo elibaluleke kunazo zonke lokuthunyelwa kwe-Indonesia.

Ukulandela iJava, i-capital yangaphandle yagijimela kwezinye iziqhingi ze-archipelago. Izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zafuna abaphathi bezifunda ezizibusayo kanye nezinhloko zokuvuma umhlaba okuzuzisayo. I-sultans kanye nabaphathi abanesithakazelo semali yamarisidi banikeza abantu bezinye izizwe izindawo ezingcono kakhulu ezisemgodini nasemifuleni, kusukela lapho kwakukuhle ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwamakethe angaphandle. Uhulumeni waseDutch, ukhathazekile ngokungena kweNhloko-dolobha engeyona i-Dutch ibe yimpahla yase-Overseas, washesha ukukhulisa "umthetho wezolimo" owethulwa eJava ngo-1870 nakwase-Indonesia wonke. Kusukela kuma-sultans kanye nababusi, ilungelo lokuziqashisa umhlaba nokuvunyelwa kwasuswa. Lokhu kwakuhloswe ekusunguleni ukulawulwa kweDutch phezu kokungena kwenhloko yangaphandle. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, kutholakala amasimu amakhulu kagwayi, ikhofi, irayibha. Izifunda zasogwini olusempumalanga yeSomatra ziye zaba ngabahlinzeki abakhulu kunabo bonke emakethe yomhlaba.

I-Indonesia Ngekhulu Le-19