Imayini: izibalo

Izinto zesimanje yimboni yetimayini, indlela umkhakha othize, sisanda kwenyuka ngempela kakhulu umthelela wabo emnothweni wezwe. Okwamanje, kuthatha 5 indawo kule simo ezindaweni ngobukhulu zezimboni, kulandele i-computer, zemithi, uwoyela negesi kanye nemikhakha yasebhange. Russian yimboni yetimayini ingenye ngobukhulu futhi nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni le ndawo sisonke.

Lomkhakha kuhlanganisa sebuningini izitshalo ezincane okuyinto afeze isizinda amaminerali (ubumba, mica, asbestos, graphite, umanyolo potassium ensimini, umcako, amadayimane, amalahle, i-uranium-ore, itshe-nsimbi, ephakeme kanye base izinsimbi, futhi izinto ezihlukahlukene amaminerali ukwakhiwa). Isizinda of igesi namafutha ezimweni eziningi futhi uyalandisa bakhululeke abezimboni zezimayini. Ukuthuthukiswa kokubili komhlaba (izimayini) kanye evulekile (umsebenzi) izindlela.

Kule minyaka 6 iminyaka embonini yezimayini kakhulu lenyukile kusukela endaweni 24 5 phakathi izimboni ehola emhlabeni. Izinkampani ezinkulu kuthiwa kakhulu ezingxenyeni izikhundla ehola ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe (Rio Tinto, Vale).

Kuze kube manje, akukho lizwe has a umthamo ingqikithi yonke yokuqothulwa emhlabeni yamadwala namaminerali. Kuphela abangu-10 kubo, ngubani ohola inombolo wezinsalela amazwe, ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza mayelana 35 izinhlobo imikhiqizo yezimbiwa. Phakathi kwabo, Canada, South Africa, India, Brazil, e-Australia, e-USA, eChina naseRussia. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-umkhakha ukukhiqizwa ubuholi ongashintshi igcina China.

Emazweni we "azungeze" of embonini yezimayini imayelana 2.5%, ukukhiqizwa Imininingwane kumazwe esithuthuke kabanzana lesi sibalo zokhahlamba kusuka 12 kuya 16 amaphesenti. Of kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, Denmark kuphela, eNetherlands, Norway futhi Bulgaria is kahle asethuthukile, umkhakha.

EChile, e-Russia, e-Australia, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Canada ezakha abaholi phezulu emihlanu ezweni embonini yezimayini. Futhi indima emkhakheni kulezi iminotho uye kunyuke eminyakeni yamuva futhi seyihlanganisa 15%.

Nsimbi, ithusi, amalahle - inqwaba yezinto zemvelo, ngenxa okuyinto amazwe athuthukile yiwona ngenzuzo eziningi, uku-cishe 65% bona.

Ngo-2011 i-yimboni yetimayini global lenyuka production indima yayo ngokusinikeza 6%.

Ngokuthi isimo samanje ezindabeni ezimayini umkhakha global kungaba ukuqala okuthiwa "enkathini entsha". Kodwa, ngeshwa, kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama: anda izindleko ukwanda ngenxa yokuntuleka nezisebenzi ezinamakhono, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ensimini nge amasheya encane ngokwanele futhi yekhwalithi ephansi, ukuklama izimayini namanje kuyabiza, kusukela endaweni ukukhiqizwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zitholakala ezikude emadolobheni amakhulu .

Ngenxa yalokho, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi imboni yetetimayini zomhlaba sixhomeke kakhulu izenzo emazweni asathuthuka (ikakhulukazi eChina umthengi ezinkulu imikhiqizo ye umkhakha). A nokwanda okuphawulekayo funa abangela isiyaluyalu, Brazil, Indonesia, India. Khumbula futhi lokuthi United States kuzuza nokuvulwa umnotho zayo futhi zisekhona omunye abathengi ngobukhulu. Yonke idatha ngenhla unikeza ithemba nokusimama komnotho womhlaba emkhakheni yezimayini, kodwa ingozi sihlala sikhona. Okwamanje, ukuthengwa kwempahla ekhona kufanele bakhethe ukwakha owakho. Nokho, okwesikhathi ukuphelela iyashelela futhi okulula ukuba le nkampani yezimayini ukuthi sazi kangcono izindlela zokuthuthukisa izinto eziskeniwe esikhundleni ekwakheni entsha ngokuphelele.