Charles Cameron: Biography nesithombe

Cameron Charles - wezakhiwo Scottish kabani ubuhlakani yasungulwa futhi ehlanganiswe imisebenzi Ukukhanyiselwa ngenkathi uCatherine Omkhulu eRussia. He qamba kwezakhiwo emangalisayo enhle e Tsarskoye Selo futhi Pavlovsk.

Early iminyaka wezakhiwo

Vele ningabeki usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kucatshangwa kulo nyaka 1745-1746. Futhi yize yayingumuntu waseScotland, futhi kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi umakhi esizayo wazalelwa e-Edinburgh, kodwa izazi-mlando ukhombe yaseLondon ngokuthi endaweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Uyise, usonkontileka isakhiwo, efuna ukufundisa indodana yakhe lo msebenzi, futhi amfaka ukufundelwa ngo "Inkampani lababazi." Kodwa intsha wahosha ihluke kakhulu. Watadisha ukudweba kanye oqoshiwe, futhi ngokushesha waba draftsman kakhulu futhi wahlangana umakhi Isaakom Vearom, arhola ekutadisheni kwakhe zokugeza lasendulo futhi umsebenzi incwadi ngazo.

Italy

Ekhathele ngemva kokufa, lapho le nsizwa yayingumuntu kominyaka imashumi mabini ezelwe, Cameron Charles baya eRoma ukwenza izilinganiso olunembile Roman Baths, bese ulungise amaphutha emsebenzini Andrea Palladio, umklami ngasekupheleni Renaissance, nokuba ngiqede umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuphela Ekhathele. Kwathatha iminyaka eyisithupha. Ngemva kwalokho kwafika omkhulukazi theory umsebenzi "Iziphethu lamaRoma 'in kokubili isiNgisi French. Ukuze ulifunde, uCatherine II, futhi ngajabula. Wabe esenika wezakhiwo, ayizange yakhiwe ngokukhulekelwa esakhiweni esithile kuphela, kodwa owayazi endulo kakhulu eRussia.

Ngaphansi koMbuso Russian

Kameron Charlz efika eRussia 1779. Yena uvela eNgilandi, ngokusebenzisa eDenmark Kronstadt, bese Petersburg, futhi wajoyina ngokungena ngemvume isivumelwano seminyaka emithathu ukusebenza kuleli zwe lapho ayemiselwe ngibe usaziwayo.

Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla elihle Elizabethan Baroque ku isitayela lula futhi eziqinile Antique, Kameron Charlz wafakazela ukuthi classicism kuyinto iphila futhi kude nezwe lakwa efudumele futhi libalele lapho wazalwa ezweni. Ukuhlela ukwakheka wayezifunela udumo, kodwa ungumuntu olukhuni futhi udangele ababeka phakathi kwakhe abantu odongeni. ERussia, ngokuvumelana izincazelo, Charles Cameron ayizange ithole ngisho nabangane abaseduze ayehlakazekele British. Nokho, ngo-1784 washada Catherine Bush. Washada nendodakazi yakhe UMariya wazalelwa.

Tsarskoye Selo

UMbusikazi kwaba endulo esijulile akukho esingaphansi master isivakashi, futhi wayefuna ukubona e Tsarskoye Selo kabusha umoya laseRoma lasendulo. Ngu Elikhulu Catherine Palace senziwe ngendlela isandiso komzimba sesibili, olokuqala okuyizinto okugeza abandayo, kanti eyesibili - emangalisayo Agate zamagumbi.

UMbusikazi engawayekanga izimali, kanti uMdali akuniké ukubuswa emcabangweni wakho kanye nolwazi. Lokhu izindlu yakhiwe e isitayela classic, okuyinto elixutshwe Motifs ngesiGreki namaRoma futhi ngaphakathi kuwo lihlotshiswe nejaspi, imifekethiso, ne-agathe, ithusi eyayibhalwe. Isakhiwo kusukela ngezansi Bekuba ngasuthi basibukela phansi isikhathi. Kodwa ephakeme, kwangikhanyela. Lezi zinsika babe bushelelezi kakhudlwana futhi shiny. Isihlanganisi wesibili wama ezingaphelelwa isikhathi ngokuphelele. Yena emangazwe besikhathi sakhe bheka. Ngemva kokunqoba ngalinye Turkish War of uCatherine kufanele ukubeka isikhumbuzo, ngokuhlanganisa zasendulo nezanamuhla. Kodwa lokhu kunganele. Esitezi sesibili ke kuvula Ulenga Garden Charles Cameron. Tsarskoye Selo iqala okuguqula. Kusukela engadini uhlanganyela ukuba leli chibi elalisanda kwakhiwa igalari nge emphemeni. Siqedile ezitebhisini, okuyinto lihlotshiswe ukubaza wethusi. Lokhu Ensemble uqalwe 1783 futhi kwaphela ngo-iminyaka emithathu.

ingaphakathi umsebenzi

Esikhathini Omkhulu Catherine Palace ayeba yangaphakathi umsebenzi aguqulayo eyimfihlo amafulethi ka iNdlovukazi futhi isimo zokuhlala. Bamgwaza nge ingilazi engavamile amakholomu, igumbi usofa (ngenye obizwa nangokuthi "isinemfu"), uphahlwe amathayili ingilazi okumhlophe nokuluhlaza uphahlwe ucwecwe anemibala, Lyon lounge, lodonga okwakukhona usilika, oluhlaza futhi Dome yokudlela - konke yobuciko zidalwe Charles Cameron. Sebenza ukushintsha Interiors enziwa ngasekupheleni 80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XVIII. Lezi imisebenzi Cameron ugqozi Abaklami wesimanje.

"Charles Cameron" salon

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke-Russian-British igalari angaphakathi 'Charles Cameron "itholakala phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow ngo-Grand Georgian. Lapho ungadala, futhi yinhle, wanelise izidingo eliphakeme esidlekeni umkhaya, futhi wenze sekugcineni we efulethini. Lapho usebenza zonke izifiso zamakhasimende ezocatshangelwa ngaphakathi efulethini. Ngaphakathi ekamelweni lokudlela, isibonelo, ungakhetha indawo oyifunayo. Ingaphakathi layo kungenziwa kuhlelwe kusukela esigabeni sokuqala kakhulu, ophela umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama efana tableware. Zonke uzoba ukubaluleka: ifenisha, ukukhanyisa, izesekeli kanye nendwangu. Kungenzeka futhi isakhiwo kanye umhlobiso kwehholo - lokhu efulethini ikhadi lebhizinisi. Mirrors, isiduduze ukukhanya - konke umxhwele futhi stylish. Ukuze ifenisha elisendaweni yokwamukela abantu, kukhona izidingo ezikhethekile. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu tebuciko - ifomu isikhala. Hall ngokuvamile ilandela ephasijini amancane inqunywa yokubhala efulethini noma indlu. Le ndawo yokungena engama egumbini lokuphumula futhi kuhlanganiswe umbala izinto zakhe futhi amasu zokuhlobisa. Ngakho, kungaba iyisikhungo esifuba zakudala zangaphansi, okuyinto zingafakwa eziqoshiwe lethusi, imifanekiso elenyoni noma izilwane, isitsha sezimbali kanye namabhokisi nge inlay.

Phansi ungakwazi sikhulise zemabula rosette. Izinketho eziningi. Abaklami abanolwazi bahlanganyela ne abakhiqizi emhlabeni, ngakho-ke okwakhe, ubuciko aphakeme, ukunambitheka lihle uzoba khona yomhlobiso wawo. Yiqiniso, yakhe ezinkulu amakhono kanye abaculi intando show ukuthuthukiswa ekhishini design, lokulala, cwaningo, umtapo.

izidingo zanamuhla for induduzo lula uzobe kuhlanganiswe emasikweni asendulo. Ochwepheshe igalari "Charles Cameron" Ngiyonika iseluleko sendlela ukukhetha efulethini khona kanye esakhiweni. Uma kukhona ekwakheni indlu ezisondelene, kule nkampani, lokhu kuzosisiza ukwazi umbono izinto ukufulela. Inkampani uyazi ngokuphelele every little thing ohlupha ukwakhiwa kanye ngcono indlu noma ifulethi. Kusukela 2013 igalari usebenza nje kuphela eMoscow kodwa futhi Cannes. It has a unique umtapo izinhlu amasampula, okuvumela ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga. Nokho, ebhekisela samanje kanye nohide izizukulwane, siye kancane aphambuka sihloko sokuqala - Charles Cameron - umakhi owadala isitayela classicism eRussia.

Saint UZandile Cathedral e Tsarskoye Selo

Vuselelani-Orthodox, okuxosha abaseTurkey kusukela waseConstantinople, ukunikeza umzukulu wakhe umbuso - kwaba iphupho iNdlovukazi. ERussia eCrimea njengoba lakhe-ukukhululwa Based amadolobha ngesiGreki amagama - Sevastopol, Simferopol. Futhi Tsarskoye yakhe Selo ayekufuna ukumakhela, efana waseConstantinople Sofia. Cameron akazange ukukopisha, kodwa ukufana iyabonakala ngesikhathi esisodwa.

I Dome emaphakathi kwakubonakala ukuthi uzulazula phezu kwebandla lonke, lakubo, ubuhle bayo kugcizelelwe umbala engavamile amakholomu eziyisishiyagalombili egwadle ezimnyama. Akasiye efanayo kakhulu evamile eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, kodwa weza ababephila ngesikhathi esuka kuye injabulo. Into esemqoka kulo - malula futsi ngokuvumelana amafomu.

Umsebenzi Pavlovsk

Esikhathini landscape enkulu park esigodlo esikhulu ku ebhange emaweni lomfula Slavyanka.

It ufana nendlu ezihloniphekayo, ivumelane kakhulu futhi ebonakalayo ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu yensimu. Ukuze lokhu kuholela alley run ndawonye kanye ezinefomu ithrekhi izindawo ezihlukahlukene kuleli paki. Lesi sakhiwo kubonakala emfuleni, kodwa budebuduze nayo esigodlweni itholakala ethempelini Ubungane. Kuyinto Rotunda isiyingi, okuyinto lizungezwe 16 amakholomu kanye imbozwe Dome flat. Maphakathi Dome esiyindilinga iwindi esikhanyisa inkundla. It iseningizimu evulekile sizungezwe obucayi birches eliphaphathekile, ngaseziseleni nemisedari, ngokuvumelanayo kakhulu ufane ku landscape. Lapha sahlela ukuba ibhulakufesi kanye dinner, kanye amakhonsathi. Futhi okunye namanje Charlz Kameron buildings Pavlovsk.

Architectural landscape izingoma

Kolunye uhlangothi lomfula phambi kwasesigodlweni emphemeni elimhlophe Apollo. Isingasiyingilizi lamakholomu Doric aqoshwe kusukela limestone, imele ikhophi esifanekisweni Apollona Belvederskogo. Lesi sakhiwo yasekuqaleni uyisiyingi ngokuphelele. Kodwa ngo-1817 ngesikhathi ingxenye isiphepho isakhiwo sibhidlika. Buka baba ngokomlando abalulekile, futhi ungeze ke ebabazekayo. Kwanqunywa ukuba emphemeni sokubuyiselwa, futhi ushiye ifomu ezinjalo.

Njengoba ingxenye evamile kwepaki Yakhiwa aviary, ngokunembile, "aviary", okuyinto lebhokisi ihholo emaphakathi ne pavilions ezimbili ezincane emaceleni.

Lesi sakhiwo okungukuthi kungukufanekisa, ukuphikiswa yokufa nokuphila. Phakathi engenisa ukukhanya kwelanga namakholomu umvini ambozwe nezinyoni likhona ukucula, futhi emadokodweni kukhona urns peplohranitelnitsy futhi tombstones eyiqiniso lasendulo ukuthi Maria Fyodorovna, umka-Paul Petrovich, eqoqwe e-Italy. Lokhu engasindi, ngomusa futhi enesizotha isakhiwo - omunye okudaliwe eziphawuleka kakhulu wezakhiwo, benamandla ukuzwela futhi imizwelo, okuyinto ngakho emoyeni kwekhulu XVIII.

Langa and ezintathu azibeke inkundla, okuyinto ithala ezimboziwe ezungezwe ionic amakholomu. Ngaphakathi kukhona iqembu izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ezibaziweyo kusukela ehlukahlukene yocezu olulodwa zemabula. ebaleni lokudlala inkundla lizungezwe balustrade zemabula. Nge kuziwa off omunye ukubukwa amahle kakhulu kwepaki.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila umdali

Ngemva kokufa uCatherine II ngo 1796, uMbusi ezingalindelekile uPawulu Cameron uyenqaba oda, nokuthi, ngokuba namahloni, waya Little Russia at isimemo Hetman Razumovsky. Muhle egameni umakhi yakha Baturinskii Palace. U-Alexander I babuyela umakhi dolobha.

Charles Cameron wafa Petersburg ngo 1812. Lokhu kuphetha incazelo ukuphila nomsebenzi owenza Charles Cameron. Biography imibukiso ukuthi okungukuthi eRussia yathola ukusetshenziswa akhe okudala ubuhlakani, ngokuphelele ezintsha yayo isikhathi.