Liberalism - le mfundiso enkululeko

Liberalism - it is a ukunyakaza komphakathi kanye setepolitiki imfundiso, ogxile ukubaluleka inkululeko yomuntu kusuka yonke imikhakha yempilo (ngokomoya, zezomnotho, zezombangazwe, njll).

Ngokomlando, imibono ovulekile ziye zahlobana isimo sengqondo sobuntu impahla, enquma zabo nesimo sabo emphakathini kanye nenani abazitholayo nezinzuzo zezenhlalo kungenzeka.

Imibono bokuqala, lapho ukuvela liberalism - ke Antiquity wacabanga abaholi. Okokuqala, imfundiso USocrates isimo fair. Kamuva Roman namaStoyiku athuthukile umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kwabantu jikelele futhi washayelwa postulates enkululeko kwangaphakathi engokomoya yomuntu futhi umthetho wemvelo.

Lezi imibono amehlo olukhethekile zefilosofi 17-18 eminyaka. Imibono Descartes, Spinoza, noMilton ngokwesimo indoda njengomuntu okunengqondo nezenhlalo, isimo, inkolo kanye ilungelo laba isisekelo ngemibono for the ukuqhubeka liberalism European.

Ezibalulekile Ezingafundwa ezathonya ekwakhiweni ngokucace bhá postulates nemibono esakuthwala liberalism - enhlangano yamaProthestani eyayibizwa-izinguquko. abameleli balo babengabantu nezidingo bonke abantu ilungelo lenkululeko engokwenkolo. Phakathi nale nkathi, ithonya lenkolo waqala ukuba singantengantengi.

Nge ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza i-capitalism kanye kwempahla ulwazi lwesayensi, ubudlelwane amakhosi asendulo e iBrithani neFrance waqala ngokushesha ukuwohloka. Amalungelo Izicukuthwane baba encipha, kancane kancane bakha ikilasi elisha social - onxiwankulu. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba pheceza imibono elisha, elabizwa libhekene yayo isimiso amagugu. Bona komculo ngaphakathi, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi "liberalism".

Lesi sikhathi besihambisana nesiminyaminya iqiniso lokuthi ongqondongqondo wabona usongo olukhulu ukuze inkululeko yomuntu lapho sibhekene nesimo. isivumokholo bezombangazwe liberalism waqala izimiso ezifana isidingo uhulumeni ngokomthethosisekelo esekelwe ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla ku executive, zomthetho amagatsha zokwahlulela; ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo inalienable womuntu labamangalelwa lokukhulekela, inkulumo, inhlangano enhlanganweni bemvelo zezombusazwe.

Freedom siqondwa hhayi njengethuba ngokuphelele, kodwa njengoba ithuba ukucabanga ngokukhululekile, ukukhetha inkolo ethile, ukuze uveze imibono yomuntu siqu, ukuhlanganisa party, bahlanganyele ukuhweba, khetha nababusi balolonge gosustroystva.

Igama elithi yavela ngemva okokuqala eSpain ngo 1812, i-Liberals ngokuthi inyunyana abantu uzilungiselele umbhalo yomthethosisekelo.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani liberalism classical lihlotshaniswa imibono zezomnotho IsiZulu zezombusazwe ezahlela embonweni wokuthi umnotfo kumele ube mahhala kusuka kokuphazanyiswa uhulumeni. Njengoba bebheke umcabango zefilosofi, liberalism wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokusuka ngabanye. Esikhathini isici kwezomnotho imibono yakhe elungisisiwe isidingo ukuhweba khulula, zamanani, inkokhelo, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola inhlanganisela phakathi kwazo kwakufanele zishukumisa ukuncintisana phakathi abakhiqizi ngazinye emakethe.

Liberalism - akusiyo nje zamanje bokusungula. Ngezindlela eziningi, kuyoba lesifanele ngaphezulu ushayele imfundiso kwezomnotho, lwezenhlalo nefilosofi.

Ngokwe imibono Rousseau kanye Locke, umuntu onelungelo zemvelo ukuze inkululeko, okumele uvikele isimo. Abasekeli bale kubukwa Hume, Kant, Franklin, Jefferson, Condorcet, Lakho nabanye. Lezi imibono zazibonakala Declaration of Independence of -United States ngo-1776, i-Declaration of Human Rights e 1789 kanye-Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Liberalism kanye neo-liberalism zihlobene bo hlinzeka ukhiye. Kugcine athuthukile imibono ezomnotho kanye nefilosofi kusukela 1930.