Dichotomy indlela

I dichotomy e ukuhumusha kusuka esiGrekini kusho "sokuhlukaniswa iziqephu ezimbili" noma "webumbacambili". Dichotomy esetshenziswa ngempela ngempumelelo kwi-mathematics ne logic for ngezigaba izici, futhi zefilosofi nemfundiso yezilimi - ukwakha esincane eside, ahlobene.

dichotomy indlela okufanele ahlukaniswe kusuka division evamile. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "umuntu" zingahlukaniswa zibe welithi "owesilisa" futhi "owesifazane", futhi zingahlukaniswa zibe "owesilisa" futhi "Awuyona yini indoda". Ngakho, endabeni yokuqala, imiqondo emibili ayiphikisani, ngakho akukho dichotomy. Esimeni sesibili, "indoda esikhulile" futhi "Awuyona yini indoda" - izincazelo ezimbili okuyinto iyaphikisana futhi musa aphambana, futhi lena incazelo dichotomy.

indlela dichotomy ikhange alula, ngoba ukhona amakilasi amabili kuphela lemali akhathele umqondo nenzuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, lo division lubonakala ngaso sonke isikhathi proportionality dichotomous. Isici okwengeziwe eyisisekelo nokuqedwa eyodwa elinye ilungu sokuhlukanisa ngenxa yokuthi isethi ngayinye sihlukaniswe lungatholakala kuphela kwelinye amakilasi "b" nobe "hhayi b", kanye division Kwenziwa besisekelo esisodwa kuphela ehambisana nokuba khona noma ukungabi khona isici esithile.

Ukuze zonke izimo zawo indlela dichotomy has ububi yokungaqiniseki ukuthi ingxenye yayo elinendawo kuyizinhlayiyana "hhayi". Ngokwesibonelo, uma bonke ososayensi ihlukaniswe zezibalo kanye zezibalo ke isihlobo eqenjini yesibili kukhona emagama ezithile. Ngaphandle lokhu kusimo, kunesinye, ehlanganisa ekusunguleni umqondo nzima, ngokuphambene Inani lokuqala, degree of ukususwa umlando wokona kombhangqwana wokuqala.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, dichotomy livame ukusetshenziswa njengento esizayo ngononina othola imiqondo. dichotomy indlela ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa lokuthola kuchazwe nenqubo amagugu ezithile imisebenzi (isibonelo, ukuqhathanisa esiphezulu noma ubuncane).

Kaningi bengazi wasebenzisa indlela dichotomy algorithm ngokwezwi nezwi izinyathelo lingachazwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umdlalo "Qagela inombolo" omunye umdlali ukhetsa tinombolo ezisukela 1 kuya ku-100, kanti ezinye kwenza kube ezama guess esekelwe Amacebo "mbalwa kuna" noma "mkhulu" kuqala. Uma uzindle ngokunengqondo, njengoba inombolo yokuqala njalo ngokuthi 50, futhi esimweni efihlekile engaphansi - 25 ngaphezulu - 75. Ngako-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukungaqiniseki inombolo efihliwe kuyehla ngesigamu, ngisho nomuntu unluckiest eqagela ayaziwa cishe ngo 7 imizamo.

Uma usebenzisa indlela dichotomy ekuxazululeni zibalo ezahlukene ukuthola ikhambi esifanele kungenzeka kuphela uma kuphela eyaziwa ukuthola impande phezu isikhawu inikezwe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa le ndlela kungenzeka ukuthola izimpande kuphela zibalo lwento. Ngesikhathi isinqumo zibalo lesezingeni usebenzisa indlela bisection kumelwe kuqala ukwehlukana izimpande zingxenye. Le nqubo yokuzihlukanisa yalo wenziwa ngokuthola nemikhiqizo esokuqala nesesibili enkulumweni umsebenzi etholakala zibalo kanye lokuhlobanisa zero (f '(x) = 0, f' '(x) = 0). Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunquma amanani of f (x) e umngcele futhi amaphuzu esibucayi. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi izibalo iyona isikhawu | a, b |, ezithinta amanani izinguquko umsebenzi ngemvume nalapho f (a) * f (b) <0.

Uma sicabanga indlela sokuqhafaza ukuxazulula kwesibalo usebenzisa ikhambi dichotomy algorithm ulula. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ingxenye | a, b |, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona omunye impande x.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubala isilinganiso algebraic x = (a b +) / 2. ngemuva kwalokhu ibalwa ukubaluleka umsebenzi ngaleso sikhathi. Uma f (x) <0, bese [a, x], kungenjalo - [x, b]. Ngakho, ukuvaleka isikhawu wenziwa, kwakheka okuyinto ukulandelana x ezithile. Ukubala uyama uma umehluko at iphutha ba.