Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Ukufa Kwembongi", ephethwe yiPeru M.Yu. Lermontov

ULermontov ungumbongi omkhulu waseRashiya, umbhali wezithombe zokudlala kanye nomlobi we-prose, odume emhlabeni wonke ngemisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo eyenziwe isiko laseRussia. Ezincwadini zakudala zaseRussia, uLermontov uhamba kahle ngemva kwesibili ngemva kwePushkin.

Amagama amabili alawa adumile ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngenduku engabonakali, ngoba kwaba ukufa okudabukisayo kuka-Alexander Pushkin, owafa ngo-1837 ngenxa yokulimala kanzima ku-duel, waba yisisusa esiyinhloko sokukhuphuka kwenkanyezi yezinkondlo uLermontov, owaziwa ngokuyinhloko yenkondlo yakhe ethi "To the Death of a Poet."

Ukuhlaziywa kwembongo kaLermontov ethi "Ukufa Kwembongi" kunikeza ukudla okucebile okucatshangwayo. Le nkondlo, ngendlela esiyazi ngayo - equkethe izingxenye ezintathu (ingxenye yokuqala - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-56 izigaba, ingxenye yesibili - kusuka emaqenjini angu-56 kuya kwangu-72, ne-epigraph), ithole ifomu layo eligcwalisiwe hhayi ngokushesha. Umagazini wokuqala wokuqala wenkondlo wawunomhla ka-28 Januwari ngenyanga ka-1837 (ngelinye ilanga ngaphambi kokufa kukaPushkin) futhi kwakunezingxenye zokuqala, ukuphela ngesigcawu "nasezindebe zakhe uphawu."

Lezi zigaba ezingu-56 zengxenye yokuqala, futhi, zihlukaniswe ngokomzimba zibe izingcezu ezimbili ezizimele, ezihlanganiswe ngendaba ejwayelekile kanye nama-pathos. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Ukufa Kwembongi" kubonisa umehluko phakathi kwalezi zingcezu: ama-stanzas angama-33 abhalwa nge-iambic enezintathu ezintathu ezinamandla ezinobungozi nokuthukuthela ekufeni kwendlovu, ephikisana nayo ingozi eyingozi, kodwa ukubulala, imbangela yalokho kwakungabakhathaleli "izinhliziyo ezingenalutho" zomphakathi wezwe, ukungabi nokuqonda kwakhe Futhi ukulahla umoya wothando wokudala wenkululeko wePushkin imbongi.

Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwenkondlo ethi "Ukufa Kwembongi," sibona ukuthi ingxenye yesibili yesigcawu sokuqala, esinezigaba ezingama-23 ezalandela, ihluke kokuqala ngokushintsha usayizi wezinkondlo ku -iambic enezintambo ezine. Futhi, isihloko sezinguquko ezilandelanayo ngokucabangela ngezimbangela zokufa ekuhlaselweni okuqondile kwezwe eliphakeme nabo bonke abameleli balo - "abanyundeli abangabalulekile". Umlobi akesabi ukushiya, njengoba u-A. Druzhinin ebeka, "ivesi lensimbi" ebusweni obungenangqondo balabo abanganqikazi ukuhleka usulu inkumbulo ekhanyayo yombongi nomuntu omkhulu, njengoba lokhu kuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwenkondlo kusitshengisa. "ULermontov wabhala ukufa kwesibongozi, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemiphumela, okuyiyona eyisiqalo. Ngenkathi ihlaziya inkondlo ethi "Ukufa Kwembongi," ingxenye yesibili equkethe ama-stanzas kusukela ngo-56 kuya ku-72, siyaqaphela ukuthi ama-elegy ezidabukisayo ezingxenyeni zokuqala athathelwa ukuxolisa okubi kuyo.

I-epigraph yabonakala ngemva kwesikhathi eside, lapho imbongi eyacelwa ukuba inikeze i-Tsar ikhophi ngesandla ebhaliwe yokubuyekezwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Ukufa Kwembongi" kubonisa ukuthi le epigraph ibolekwe yimbongi ovela enhlekeleleni "Wenceslas" yomdlali waseFrance uJean Rotrou.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi yonke inkantolo yasenkantolo kanye nombusi uNikolay owokuQala "wazisa" umqondo omkhulu wokudala umqondo omncane, okwakubangelwa ifomu lezinkondlo, njengoba lo msebenzi wabangela ukuhlolwa okungalungile kweziphathimandla ezibusayo futhi kwachazwa ngokuthi "ukungabi namahloni okukhululekile, okungaphezu kwesigebengu." Umphumela walokhu ukusabela kwaba ukuqaliswa kwecala "Emavesini angenakwenzeka ...", elandelwa ukuboshwa kukaLermontov, okwakubanjwe ngoFebruwari 1837, futhi inkomba yombongi (ngaphansi kwesimo senkonzo) eCaucasus.